The document summarizes prehistoric Aegean and Minoan civilizations between 3000 BC and 1200 BC. It describes Cycladic art from 3000-2000 BC including marble quarries and figurines on the Cyclades islands. It then discusses Minoan art from 1700-1200 BC including the palace at Knossos on Crete with its double-ax motif, frescoes depicting bull leaping and the Snake Goddess statue. The palace layout and Minoan vases from Crete between 1800-1500 BC are also mentioned.
A slideshow connected to a lecture of Aegean Art available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Naraelle Hohensee.
A slideshow connected to a lecture of Aegean Art available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Naraelle Hohensee.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
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Ancient Egypt
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People, boats, and animals, detail of a watercolor copy of a wall painting from tomb 100 at Hierakonpolis, Egypt, Predynastic, ca. 3500–3200 BCE. Paint on plaster, entire painting 16’ 4” X 3’ 7 3/8”. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Predynastic, Early Dynasties, and the Old Kingdom
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Stylistic Conventions of Egyptian Art
Palette of Narmer: a blueprint for a formula for figure representation and other conventions seen in Egyptian art for nearly 3000 years.
Palette of King Narmer (left, back; right, front), from Hierakonpolis, Egypt, Predynastic, ca. 3000–2920 BCE. Slate, 2’ 1” high. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
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Early Funerary Architectural Forms
Section (top), plan (center),and restored view (bottom) of typical Egyptian mastaba tombs.
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IMHOTEP, Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Third Dynasty, ca. 2630–2611 BCE.
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Restored view (top) and plan (bottom) of the mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Third Dynasty, ca. 2630–2611 BCE.
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Columnar entrance corridor to the mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Third Dynasty, ca. 2630–2611 BCE.
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Detail of the facade of the north palace of the mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Third Dynasty, ca. 2630–2611 BCE.
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Aerial view of the Fourth Dynasty pyramids (looking north), Gizeh, Egypt. From bottom: Pyramids of Menkaure, ca. 2490–2472 BCE; Khafre, ca. 2520–2494 BCE; and Khufu, ca. 2551–2528 BCE.
The Pyramids
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Section of the Pyramid of Khufu, Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 2551–2528 BCE.
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Model of the pyramid complex, Gizeh, Egypt. Harvard University Semitic Museum, Cambridge. 1) Pyramid of Menkaure, 2) Pyramid of Khafre, 3) mortuary temple of Khafre, 4) causeway, 5) Great Sphinx, 6) valley temple of Khafre, 7) Pyramid of Khufu, 8) pyramids of the royal family and mastabas of nobles.
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Khafre enthroned, from Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 2520–2494 BCE. Diorite, 5’ 6” high. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
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Sculptors at work, detail of the south wall of the main hall of the funerary chapel of Rekhmire, Thebes, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1425 BCE.
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Great Sphinx (with Pyramid of Khafre in the background at left), Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 2520–2494 BCE. Sandstone, 65’ X 240’.
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Menkaure and Khamerernebty(?), from Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 2490–2472 BCE. Graywacke, 4’ 6 1/2” high. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
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Seated scribe, from Saqqara, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 2500 BCE. Painted limestone, 1’ 9” high. Musée du Louvre, Paris.
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Ti watching a hippopotamus hunt, relief in the mastaba of Ti, Saqqara, Egypt, Fifth Dynasty, ca. 2450–2350 BCE. Painted limestone, 4’ high.
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Goats treading seed and cattle fording a canal, reliefs in the mastaba of Ti, Saqqara, Egypt, Fifth Dynasty, ca. 2450 – 2350 BCE. Painted limestone.
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Middle Kingdom
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This Powerpoint slideshow presentation briefly sketches the development of sculpture in ancient Greece, from its humble beginning in the Greek islands to its zenith in the Hellenistic age. It maps out the milestones and advances made in stages, with the help of images of Greek masterpieces, like the Sulky Kore, the Kritios Boy, the Artemision Bronze, the Riace Bronzes etc. The Ancient Greece is unique amongst the ancient civilizations to develop such very level high of naturalism, with its expressive and life-like sculptures. According to some art historians they were driven largely by the spirit rooted in the belief that man is a free, indeed an exalted, being or simply their idea and love of beauty.
"Future ages will wonder at us, as the present age wonders at us now“
The Aegean (Bronze Age) (Presentation) Author De Anza CollegeJoão Ramos
The Aegean (Bronze Age) (Presentation) Author De Anza College
Para compreender melhor a idade do Bronze, com base científica, para trabalhos académicos
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
10. Figurine of a woman, from Syros (Cyclades islands), 2500-2300 BC
11. Figurine of a woman, from Syros (Cyclades islands), 2500-2300 BC Figurine of a man playing a lyre, from Keros (Cyclades islands), 2700-2500 BC
12. Musicians and dancers from the tomb of Nebamun, Egyptian New Kingdom, 1400-1350 BC Figurine of a man playing a lyre, from Keros (Cyclades islands), 2700-2500 BC
15. Knossos, Crete. Excavation site of Minoan palace (1700-1400 BC) and reconstruction model. Palace of King Minos. Legend of the Minotaur kept in the labyrinth
16. Examples of the Minoan sacred double-ax (labrys) motif found at Knossos.
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19. Masonry terms: Fieldstones: unworked natural stones used in building. Ashlar: carefully cut, regularly shaped blocks of stone fit together without mortar. Dressed masonry: stone blocks shaped to the exact dimensions required, with smooth faces for a perfect fit. Ashlar is a component of dressed masonry. Porch at the palace at Knossos, Crete, 1700-1400 BC
Cycladic islands – means cycleSlide 6 – islands used to be filled with forest, important for harvest, trade, ship building, one of the major commodities from prehistoric times, up until the 19th century, when steel was used insteadThis is why the islands are largely deforestedThe islands have a plethora of marble stonesQuarries throughout the islandQuarrying marble goes back to prehistoric times
Marble was traded throughout the area (slide 7)Ancient marble quarry on island of Paros, Cyclades islandsMarble from this area still has very high value
Modern quarry, island of Naxos, Cyclades islands (slide 8)Still extremely important for the economy of the area
There are not many written documents that tell us about the civilizationLots of the evidence comes from excavation sites, burial sitesVery common to bury with the deceased small statues that were made of the white marble found on the islandExcavated prehistoric Cycladic burial site (slide 9)They were usually no more than a foot in height
Statues are usually very characteristic, easily identifiable, have an abstract quality about themMostly women forms: Figurine of a woman, from Syros (Cyclades islands), 2500-2300 BC (slide 10)Usually would have been paintedThese statues were very prized to collectors, which lead to lots of forgeries
We do not know the exact purpose, it is though to be some sort of ritualistic purposeVery common was figures of musicians, usually maleFigurine of a man playing a lyre, from Keros (Cyclades iislands), 2700-2500 BC (slide 11)
Placement of these within the tomb suggest some kind of burial or funerary ritual that contained musicCompared with music in Egyptian paintings for funerary ceremonies and the banquetsSimilar ideas of music in the afterlife (slide 12)
The idea of an abstract form often goes beyond human existence into the afterlife realmClear that some of the figurines were meant to be lying downSome suggest sexual or fertility characteristics (slide 13)
First evidence of historic documents of this area comes from the island of Crete, right below the Cycladic islands, today part of GreeceWhat we know about Crete comes from sites of large royal palacesWell excavated and well documentedSites of Knossos – known as the location of King Minos, contained the Labyrinth where people would be sent as yearly sacrifices to the creature the Minotaur (who resided in the Labyrinth) – slide 14
Knossos, Crete. Excavation site of Minoan palace (1700-1400 BC) and reconstruction model.Palace of King Minos. Legend of the Minotaur kept in the labyrinthThe palace has maze-like qualities – thought to have derived from the legend of the Minotaur (slide 15)
The word labyrinth comes from the words meaning Double-AxesThe people are called the Minoan Civilization in reference to King MinosAxes had a ceremonial purpose, highly ornamental, not used in battleExamples of the Minoan sacred double-ax (labrys) motif found at Knossos (slide 16)
Why the palace was not so well preserved is unknown – what is known is that the Minoan Civilization came to an abrupt end (slide 17)There was no more civilization in this areaThought to have been caused by some type of natural disaster (tsunami, earthquake, volcano, etc.)
Interior of palace contained many paintings, characteristic was the red and black painted columns (slide 18)
They were known for their palace painting (20)Painting of the living, not of the deadIn the palace, there were primarily frescosMost of the imagery was of ritualistic aspects of life
The image of a bull was one of the primary ritualistic figuresAssociated with the MinotaurBull-leaping scene, fresco from the palace at Knossos, Crete, ca. 1450 BC (restored) – slide 20What is unique about the Minoan society is that the rituals were directed by women priestessesThey controlled the religious activitiesOne was a ritualistic game featuring the bullsYoung men were encouraged to spring over the bulls, in an acrobatic way, and the bulls were kept under control by the womenDistinction between genders, women – light skinned, men – dark skinnedCharacteristic of human figures – pinched waists
Many sculptures have been found that depict women in ritualistic stancesSnake Goddess, from palace at Knossos, Crete, ca. 1600 BC. Material: faience (slide 21)Represents a priestess rather than a goddess, shown in a traditional type of dressBare breasted – reference to fertility or sexuality in the ritualsFaience = baked clay
All of the major rooms in the palace were painted in colors and motifs that were never seen beforeAssociated with the living rather than the deadScenery, pleasant images, dolphinsNaturalistic and also fantastical beastsPalace at Knossos, Crete: Throne room (left) and queen’s private chamber (megaron) (below). Ca. 1450 BC (slide 22)
Minoans were well known for objects that they painted that were tradedThey were painted and shipped to other areas, shipped images as wellMeant more as trade objects rather than for displayDistinct curvature – stylized forms to symbolize the oceanIn particular the octopusMinoan vases from Crete, 1800-1500 BC (slide 23)Minoans = famous for painting throughout the regionTheir civilization also came to an abrupt end