This document is a 2011 Spanish grammar book table of contents. It lists 14 grammar topics that will be covered in the book, including the present tense, stem changers, irregular "yo" verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, "se" impersonal, diphthongs with accents, verbs like -cer/-cir, -uir/-guir, -ger/-gir, hacer + ___ + que ___ + present/preterito, ser vs estar, and irregular verbs like ir/ser, dar/ver, and hacer.

1. 2011 Spanish Grammar Book Tiana Anthony

2. Table of Contents Title page Table of Contents Present (pg. 3) Stem Changers (pg.4) Irregular “Yo” (pg. 5) Saber vs. Conocer (pg. 6) Reflexives (pg. 7) “ Se” impersonal (pg. 8) Diphongs with accents (pg. 9) Uir/Guir, Cer/Cir, Ger/Gir (pg. 10) Verbs like… (pg. 11) Hace + ___ + que ___ + present/preterito (pg. 12) Ser vs. Estar (pg. 13)

3. Presente –er, -ar, -ir En En An Ellos (as)/ Ustedes Imos Emos Amos Nosotros (as) E E A El/Ella/ Usted Es Es As Tu O O O yo -ir -er -ar

4. Stem Changers e  ie o  ue e  I u  ue Also called boot verbs. There is no stem change in the nosotros/vosotros

5. Irregular –zco, -go, -oy Irregular yo verbs only change in the yo form -oy(dar) -go(tener) -zco(conocer) doy damos tengo tenemos conozco das dais tienes tieneis conoces conoseis da dan tiene tienen conoce conocen

6. Saber vs. Conocer Conocer- to know Saber-to know Use saber Use conocer -express knowledge -recognizing a or info about a certain a person, place, thing or object.

7. Los Reflextivos What are they? They are what are reflected upon onesel or other. Me Lavarse- Mi lavo mi cara. Te Peintarse- Te peines tu pelo. Se Cepillarse- Se cepilla mi dientes. Nos Pedirse- Nos pedimos a maestra. Os Levantarse-Os levantiosa mi cama. Se Rescarse- Se rescan los brazos

8. “Se” impersonal What is it used for? It is used to make general statements. Se + third person form Passive Voice -specifys what happened to the subject -Without saying who or what did the action. Reciprocal Action -point out the action being performed on the subjects. frequently what they are doing something to or with each other.

9. Dipthongs with accents Weak vowel- I, y, u Strong vowel- a,e,o Used when a strong vowel or 2 weak vowel come together to firm one syllable. Esuiar- to ski Ellos-Esquian El,Ella, Usted- Esquia Vosotros- Esquiais Tu-Esquias Nosotros- Esquiamos Yo- equio

10. -cer/-cir, -uir/-guir, -ger/-gir -cer/-cir

11. “Cucaracha” verbs Andar: anduv- Estar: estuv- Poder: Pud- Poner: Pus- -e Querer: Quis- -iste Saber: sup- -o Tener: tuv- -imos Venir: Vin- -isteis Conductir: conduj- -ieron Productir: produj- Traducir: traduj- Decir: dij- Traer: tra-

12. “Spock” verbs Ir/ser Dar/Ver Hacer Fui -d/vi -hice Fuiste -d/viste -hiciste Fue -d/vio -hizo Fuimos -d/vimos -hicimos Fueron -d/vieron -hicieron