theory of design#tod#philip johnson#architecture

1. PHiLiP JHONSON

2. INTRODUCTION :
 PHILIP JOHNSON BORN IN 1906, IN CLEVELAND, OHIO .
 AFTER GRADUATING FROM HIGH SCHOOL HE ATTENDED HARVARD
COLLEGE, WHERE HE STUDIED CLASSICS.
 AT THE AGE OF TWENTY-SIX HE BECAME THE DIRECTOR OF THE
MUSEUM OF MODERN ART’S NEW ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT.
 HE WAS THE FOUNDER OF THE INFLUENTIAL DEPARTMENT OF
ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN AT MOMA. AS CO-AUTHOR (WITH HENRY-
RUSSELL HITCHCOCK JR.) OF THE MOMA EXHIBITION CATALOG "THE
INTERNATIONAL STYLE: ARCHITECTURE SINCE 1922" (1932), JOHNSON
IS CREDITED WITH INTRODUCING EUROPEAN MODERNISM TO
AMERICA.

3.  Johnson interrupted his education with several extended trips to
europe.
 These trips became the pivotal moment of his education; he visited
chartres, the parthenon, and many other ancient monuments,
which arouse great interst in him towards architecture.
 Before designing his first building at the age of 36, johnson had
been client, critic, author, historian, museum director, but not an
architect.
 In 1941 philip johnson returned to harvard as a student under
gropius and marcel breur.

4. His first practical architectural work in 1949,was a residence for himself in
new Canaan , connecticut for his master degree thesis, the now famous
glass house.
He widened his connections with modern architects in Europe and
organized exhibitions of modern architects.
He made a number of other houses in a similar vane and throughout the
1950 designed many well-known works including the Seagram building in
new york city, done in collaboration with Mies van der Rohe.
From 1967 to 1989 Johnson collaborated with john burgee, his most
productive period certainly by the measure of scale -- he became known
at this time as builder of iconic office towers.
Since 1989, Johnson, semi-retired, devoted his time mainly to projects of
his own, but still was a consultant to john burgee architects.
Johnson died in January 2005

5. PHILOSPHY :
. An emphasis on architectural volume over mass (planes rather
than solidity)
2. Believed in symmetry.
3. Rejection of applied decoration.

6. philosophy
• Architecture as
Volume: Skeletal
building of columns
in opposition to the
mass of a building,
in which the creation
of floors supported
by piers of metal or
R.C.C allowed for
flexibility in plan.

7. ARCHITECTURAL STYLE :
 Though he began in the stark style of mies van der rohe’s work, by the 1960s
he had turned to a more individual style that incorporated historical
elements.
 His greatest influence as an architect was his use of glass.
 Johnson was among the first to experiment with all-glass facades, and by the
1980s such buildings had become commonplace the world over.
 He eventually rejected much of the metallic appearance of earlier
international style buildings, and began designing spectacular, crystalline
structures uniformly sheathed in glass.
 He believes in "architecture is basically the design of interiors, the art of
organizing interior space."
 With the later work of the 1970s and 1980s, johnson began to manipulate
both texture and color on the exterior of his larger buildings.

8. WORKS :
O GLASS HOUSE
O SEAGRAM BUILDING
O CRYSTAL CATHEDRAL

9. GLASS HOUSE ,NEW CANAAN (1949) :
 One of the world's most beautiful yet least functional houses
 Transparent open-plan frame structure which was his own residence.
 Is heavily influenced by mies farnsworth house
 Bath in brick cylinder.
 Includes outdoor sculpture and a separate blank-walled brick guest house
 Spatial divisions in the glass building are achieved by a brick cylinder
containing a bathroom, and by low walnut cabinets—one of them
containing kitchen equipment.
 It was a building really expressing many concerns of classic design, from
the elevated placement of an object in a space, to its serene proportion,
general overall symmetry, and combining of a balance of elements

10. Site of Glass House

11. PLAN OF GLASS HOUSE :
 SIMPLE RECTANGULAR PLAN 56’-0” X 32’-0”

12. View of glass house

13. FEATURES :
1. Glass walls
2. Steel frame structure
3. Wooden block flooring
4. Furniture designed by
Mies vander rohe

14. KNESES TIFERETH ISRAEL SYNAGOGUE,PORT
CHESTER , NY
 ELLYPTICAL ENTRANCE PORCH LINKED TO RECTANGULAR
BODY OF THE MAIN BUILDING.
 COLOURED SLIT WINDOWS ON CONCRETE-BLOCK WALLS OF
MAIN BUILDING,GIVE LIGHTNESS.
 CURVED FALSE CEILING.
 DOMED ENTRANCE.

15. Toilet
Vaulted false work
Elliptical entrance porch
Rectangular main hall
Seating area

16. Auditorium

17. Section through elliptical Detail of vaulted falsework
false ceiling
porch and rectangular main hall

18. Main cubical hall
Slit windows
Walls made up of
Concrete blocks
Dome with canopy
At top
Elliptical main
entrance

19. Interior showing colored Glass set in wall slits.

20. FOUR SEASON RESTAURANT, SEAGRAM BUILDING,
N.Y. (1959) :
 Located on first floor of seagram building.
 The restaurant is comprised of two public dining rooms that set a
new american style of restaurant.
 To match exterior bronze cladding, interior columns are faced in
bronze.
 Walls are surfaced in a thick french walnut veneer.
 Curtains formed from no. of thin chains of anodized aluminium.
 Large rectangular pool is lined with marble.
 High ceilings and hardwood surfaces.
 In the pool room, the water in the pool babbles soothingly and
throws off pacifying white noise that absorbs other sounds.

21. Curtains made from chains
Of anodized aluminium
Thin structural columns
Acting as mullions

22. Part of interior showing Pool
Furniture designed by
Mies vander rohe

23. Interior view showing
suspended sculpture
Chain curtains

24. PUERTA DE EUROPA :
 It is a major office and residential project which stands astride
the paseo da castellana , Madrid’s most important boulevard, on
the north side of the plaza de castilla.
 This bold move creates a portal which being at the northern end
of business district , becomes the gateway to Europe.
 The buildings have plan dimensions of 35 mts. X 36 mts.

25. RESIDENCES
GROUND
FLOOR
PLAN
TWIN OFFICE
BLOCKS

26. Building slope is
14.3 degrees
Height above plaza is
113.56 mts.
Height above base-
-ment 123 .76 mts.
Floor to floor height is
3.97 mts.

27.  Symmetry is main governing principle.
 Verticality dominates .
 Central axis runs in plan .

28. New York State Theater :

29. O The New York State Theater is part of New York City's Lincoln
Center for the Performing Arts complex.
O The theater occupies the south side of the main plaza (at Columbus
Avenue & 63rd Street) that it shares with the Metropolitan Opera
House and Avery Fisher Hall (home of the New York Philharmonic).
O The New York State Theater is home to both New York City Ballet and
New York City Opera.
O The theater was designed by architect Philip Johnson and opened on
April 23, 1964.

30. PART PLAN :

31. O The theater seats 2,755 and features continental style seating on the
orchestra level, five “Rings” (balconies), faced with jewel-like lights and
a large spherical chandelier in the center of the gold paneled ceiling.
O The lobby areas of the theater feature many examples of modern art.