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PRIMER PARCIAL DE FISICOQUIMICA (GRUPO 2A) - MODELO
SEMESTRE I/2020
Docente: M.Sc. Omar Arce García
Auxiliar: Univ. Aldo Ulloa Claure
1. 0,1 moles de etano gaseoso se quema en una bomba calorimétrica a 25°C liberando 40 Kcal de
calor, en cambio, cuando se queman en la misma bomba calorimétrica 0,2 moles de etanol líquido a
25°C, se liberan 70 Kcal. Con estos únicos datos, halle el calor de combustión a presión constante de
siguiente reacción:
C2H6(g) + ½ O2(g) → C2H5OH(l)
SOLUCIÓN: En una Bomba calorimétrica el calor de combustión es a volumen constante
C2H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
Tenemos
∆𝑈𝐶 = −
40
0,1
= −400
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐻𝐶 = ∆𝑈𝐶 + ∆𝑛𝑅𝑇
∆𝐻𝐶 = −400 + (−2,5) ∙ 1,987𝑥10−3
∙ 298
∆𝐻𝐶 = −401,4803
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
Tenemos
∆𝑈𝐶 = −
70
0,2
= −350
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐻𝐶 = ∆𝑈𝐶 + ∆𝑛𝑅𝑇
∆𝐻𝐶 = −350 + (−1) ∙ 1,987𝑥10−3
∙ 298
∆𝐻𝐶 = −350,5921
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
donde
C2H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) , ∆𝐻𝐶 = −401,4803
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
(x-1) C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) , ∆𝐻𝐶 = −350,5921
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶2𝐻6(𝑔)
+ 1/2 𝑂2(𝑔)
→ 𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻(𝐿)
Tenemos
∆𝐻𝐶 = −401,4803 + 350,5921 = −50,8882
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
2. 5 moles de gas ideal diatómico a 2 atm y 400 °C se somete a las siguientes transformaciones
reversibles:
I.- Expansión isotérmica hasta duplicar el volumen inicial
II.- Enfriamiento isocórico hasta 300 °C
III.- Compresión isotérmica hasta el volumen inicial
IV.- Calentamiento isocórico hasta las condiciones iniciales.
Calcular: ΔH, ΔS, W en cada etapa y para el ciclo.
SOLUCIÓN: Realizamos un diagrama P-V y calculamos
Etapa II. (Vctte)
∆𝐻 = 𝑛𝐶𝑃∆𝑇 = 5 ∙
7
2
∙ 8,314 ∙ (300 − 400)
∆𝐻 = −14549,5 (𝐽)
𝑊 = 0
∆𝑆 = 𝑛𝐶𝑉 ln
𝑇2
𝑇1
= 5 ∙
5
2
∙ 8,314 ∙ ln
573
673
∆𝑆 = −16,7173 (
𝐽
𝐾
)
Para el Ciclo
∆𝐻𝐶 = ∆𝑆𝐶 = 0
Etapa III. (Tctte)
∆𝐻 = 0
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ln
𝑉2
𝑉1
= 5 ∙ 8,314 ∙ 573 ∙ ln
𝑉1
2𝑉1
= −16510,5 (𝐽)
∆𝑆 = 𝑛𝑅 ln
𝑉1
2𝑉1
= 5 ∙ 8,314 ∙ ln 0,5 = −28,8141 (
𝐽
𝐾
)
Etapa IV. (Vctte)
∆𝐻 = 𝑛𝐶𝑃∆𝑇 = 5 ∙
7
2
∙ 8,314 ∙ (400 − 300)
∆𝐻 = 14549,5 (𝐽)
𝑊 = 0
Etapa I. (Tctte)
∆𝐻 = 0
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ln
𝑉2
𝑉1
= 5 ∙ 8,314 ∙ 673 ∙ ln
2𝑉1
𝑉1
= 19391,91 (𝐽)
∆𝑆 = 𝑛𝑅 ln
2𝑉1
𝑉1
= 5 ∙ 8,314 ∙ ln 2 = 28,8141 (
𝐽
𝐾
)
𝑊𝐶 = 19391,91 − 16510,5 = 2881,41 (𝐽)
∆𝑆 = 𝑛𝐶𝑉 ln
𝑇2
𝑇1
= 5 ∙
5
2
∙ 8,314 ∙ ln
673
573
∆𝑆 = 16,7173 (
𝐽
𝐾
)
3. Cierto metal M se funde a 650°C con un calor de fusión de 5320 J/mol. La capacidades calorífica
de M solido es C̄p(s)/( J/mol K) = 18,13 + 0,01472T + 1,36x10⁵T¯². en cambio la del líquido es C̄p(l)/( J/
mol K) = 46,51 - 0,00501T. a) Calcule el H y ΔS para la transformación de 10 moles de M solido desde
25°C a M líquido a 800°C.
SOLUCIÓN: tenemos
Calculamos el ∆𝐻 de la transformación
∆𝐻1 = ∫ 𝐶𝑃(𝑆)𝑑𝑇
923
298
∆𝐻1 = 18,13(923 − 298) +
0,01472
2
(9232
− 2982) − 1,36x10⁵(
1
923
−
1
298
)
∆𝐻1 = 17256,88023 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐻2 = 5320 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐻3 = ∫ 𝐶𝑃(𝐿)𝑑𝑇
1073
923
∆𝐻3 = 46,51(1073 − 923) −
0,00501
2
(10732
− 9232)
∆𝐻3 = 6226,503 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
Donde
∆𝐻 = ∆𝐻1 + ∆𝐻2 + ∆𝐻3 = 10 ∙ (17256,88023 + 5320 + 6226,503)
∆𝐻 = 288033,8323(𝐽)
∆𝑆1 = ∫
𝐶𝑃(𝑆)
𝑇
𝑑𝑇
923
298
= 18,13 ln
923
298
+ 0,01472(923 − 298) −
1,36x105
2
(
1
9232 −
1
2982) = 30,3825
𝐽
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
∆𝑆2 =
5320
923
= 5,7638
𝐽
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
∆𝑆3 = ∫
𝐶𝑃(𝐿)
𝑇
𝑑𝑇
1073
923
= 46,51 ln
1073
923
− 0,00501(1073 − 923) = 6,2522
𝐽
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
Donde
∆𝑆 = ∆𝑆1 + ∆𝑆2 + ∆𝑆3 = 10 ∙ (30,3825 + 5,7638 + 6,2522)
∆𝐻 = 423,985 (
𝐽
𝐾
)
4. En una botella de Dewar (aislamiento adiabático) se agregan 80 g de hielo a - 15 º C a 500 g de
agua a 35 º C. Si Cagua = 4,814 J/g º C, Chielo = 2,09 J/g°C, y Qf = 334,4 J/g. A) Cual es el estado final del
sistema?, b) Halle S para la transformación
SOLUCIÓN:
a) hallamos el estado final del sistema, donde
𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 + 𝑄4 = 0
80 ∙ 2,09 ∙ (0 − (−15)) + 80 ∙ 334,4 + 80 ∙ 4,814 ∙ (𝑇𝑓 − 0) + 500 ∙ 4,814 ∙ (𝑇𝑓 − 35) = 0
𝑇𝑓 = 19,7 °𝐶 (𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜)
b) hallamos el ∆𝑆 para la trasformación
∆𝑆 = ∆𝑆1 + ∆𝑆2 + ∆𝑆3 + ∆𝑆4
∆𝑆 = 80 ∙ 2,09 ∙ ln
273
258
+
80 ∙ 334,4
273
+ 80 ∙ 4,814 ∙ ln
292,7
273
+ 500 ∙ 4,814 ∙ ln
292,7
308
∆𝑆 = 11,635 (
𝐽
𝐾
)

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2 a modelo 1er parcial de fisicoquimica, semestre i-2020

  • 1. PRIMER PARCIAL DE FISICOQUIMICA (GRUPO 2A) - MODELO SEMESTRE I/2020 Docente: M.Sc. Omar Arce García Auxiliar: Univ. Aldo Ulloa Claure 1. 0,1 moles de etano gaseoso se quema en una bomba calorimétrica a 25°C liberando 40 Kcal de calor, en cambio, cuando se queman en la misma bomba calorimétrica 0,2 moles de etanol líquido a 25°C, se liberan 70 Kcal. Con estos únicos datos, halle el calor de combustión a presión constante de siguiente reacción: C2H6(g) + ½ O2(g) → C2H5OH(l) SOLUCIÓN: En una Bomba calorimétrica el calor de combustión es a volumen constante C2H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) Tenemos ∆𝑈𝐶 = − 40 0,1 = −400 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐻𝐶 = ∆𝑈𝐶 + ∆𝑛𝑅𝑇 ∆𝐻𝐶 = −400 + (−2,5) ∙ 1,987𝑥10−3 ∙ 298 ∆𝐻𝐶 = −401,4803 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) Tenemos ∆𝑈𝐶 = − 70 0,2 = −350 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐻𝐶 = ∆𝑈𝐶 + ∆𝑛𝑅𝑇 ∆𝐻𝐶 = −350 + (−1) ∙ 1,987𝑥10−3 ∙ 298 ∆𝐻𝐶 = −350,5921 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 donde C2H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) , ∆𝐻𝐶 = −401,4803 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 (x-1) C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) , ∆𝐻𝐶 = −350,5921 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2𝐻6(𝑔) + 1/2 𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻(𝐿) Tenemos ∆𝐻𝐶 = −401,4803 + 350,5921 = −50,8882 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 2. 5 moles de gas ideal diatómico a 2 atm y 400 °C se somete a las siguientes transformaciones reversibles: I.- Expansión isotérmica hasta duplicar el volumen inicial II.- Enfriamiento isocórico hasta 300 °C III.- Compresión isotérmica hasta el volumen inicial IV.- Calentamiento isocórico hasta las condiciones iniciales. Calcular: ΔH, ΔS, W en cada etapa y para el ciclo. SOLUCIÓN: Realizamos un diagrama P-V y calculamos Etapa II. (Vctte) ∆𝐻 = 𝑛𝐶𝑃∆𝑇 = 5 ∙ 7 2 ∙ 8,314 ∙ (300 − 400) ∆𝐻 = −14549,5 (𝐽) 𝑊 = 0 ∆𝑆 = 𝑛𝐶𝑉 ln 𝑇2 𝑇1 = 5 ∙ 5 2 ∙ 8,314 ∙ ln 573 673 ∆𝑆 = −16,7173 ( 𝐽 𝐾 ) Para el Ciclo ∆𝐻𝐶 = ∆𝑆𝐶 = 0 Etapa III. (Tctte) ∆𝐻 = 0 𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ln 𝑉2 𝑉1 = 5 ∙ 8,314 ∙ 573 ∙ ln 𝑉1 2𝑉1 = −16510,5 (𝐽) ∆𝑆 = 𝑛𝑅 ln 𝑉1 2𝑉1 = 5 ∙ 8,314 ∙ ln 0,5 = −28,8141 ( 𝐽 𝐾 ) Etapa IV. (Vctte) ∆𝐻 = 𝑛𝐶𝑃∆𝑇 = 5 ∙ 7 2 ∙ 8,314 ∙ (400 − 300) ∆𝐻 = 14549,5 (𝐽) 𝑊 = 0 Etapa I. (Tctte) ∆𝐻 = 0 𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ln 𝑉2 𝑉1 = 5 ∙ 8,314 ∙ 673 ∙ ln 2𝑉1 𝑉1 = 19391,91 (𝐽) ∆𝑆 = 𝑛𝑅 ln 2𝑉1 𝑉1 = 5 ∙ 8,314 ∙ ln 2 = 28,8141 ( 𝐽 𝐾 )
  • 2. 𝑊𝐶 = 19391,91 − 16510,5 = 2881,41 (𝐽) ∆𝑆 = 𝑛𝐶𝑉 ln 𝑇2 𝑇1 = 5 ∙ 5 2 ∙ 8,314 ∙ ln 673 573 ∆𝑆 = 16,7173 ( 𝐽 𝐾 ) 3. Cierto metal M se funde a 650°C con un calor de fusión de 5320 J/mol. La capacidades calorífica de M solido es C̄p(s)/( J/mol K) = 18,13 + 0,01472T + 1,36x10⁵T¯². en cambio la del líquido es C̄p(l)/( J/ mol K) = 46,51 - 0,00501T. a) Calcule el H y ΔS para la transformación de 10 moles de M solido desde 25°C a M líquido a 800°C. SOLUCIÓN: tenemos Calculamos el ∆𝐻 de la transformación ∆𝐻1 = ∫ 𝐶𝑃(𝑆)𝑑𝑇 923 298 ∆𝐻1 = 18,13(923 − 298) + 0,01472 2 (9232 − 2982) − 1,36x10⁵( 1 923 − 1 298 ) ∆𝐻1 = 17256,88023 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐻2 = 5320 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐻3 = ∫ 𝐶𝑃(𝐿)𝑑𝑇 1073 923 ∆𝐻3 = 46,51(1073 − 923) − 0,00501 2 (10732 − 9232) ∆𝐻3 = 6226,503 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 Donde ∆𝐻 = ∆𝐻1 + ∆𝐻2 + ∆𝐻3 = 10 ∙ (17256,88023 + 5320 + 6226,503) ∆𝐻 = 288033,8323(𝐽) ∆𝑆1 = ∫ 𝐶𝑃(𝑆) 𝑇 𝑑𝑇 923 298 = 18,13 ln 923 298 + 0,01472(923 − 298) − 1,36x105 2 ( 1 9232 − 1 2982) = 30,3825 𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 ∆𝑆2 = 5320 923 = 5,7638 𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 ∆𝑆3 = ∫ 𝐶𝑃(𝐿) 𝑇 𝑑𝑇 1073 923 = 46,51 ln 1073 923 − 0,00501(1073 − 923) = 6,2522 𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 Donde ∆𝑆 = ∆𝑆1 + ∆𝑆2 + ∆𝑆3 = 10 ∙ (30,3825 + 5,7638 + 6,2522) ∆𝐻 = 423,985 ( 𝐽 𝐾 ) 4. En una botella de Dewar (aislamiento adiabático) se agregan 80 g de hielo a - 15 º C a 500 g de agua a 35 º C. Si Cagua = 4,814 J/g º C, Chielo = 2,09 J/g°C, y Qf = 334,4 J/g. A) Cual es el estado final del sistema?, b) Halle S para la transformación SOLUCIÓN: a) hallamos el estado final del sistema, donde 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 + 𝑄4 = 0 80 ∙ 2,09 ∙ (0 − (−15)) + 80 ∙ 334,4 + 80 ∙ 4,814 ∙ (𝑇𝑓 − 0) + 500 ∙ 4,814 ∙ (𝑇𝑓 − 35) = 0 𝑇𝑓 = 19,7 °𝐶 (𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜) b) hallamos el ∆𝑆 para la trasformación ∆𝑆 = ∆𝑆1 + ∆𝑆2 + ∆𝑆3 + ∆𝑆4 ∆𝑆 = 80 ∙ 2,09 ∙ ln 273 258 + 80 ∙ 334,4 273 + 80 ∙ 4,814 ∙ ln 292,7 273 + 500 ∙ 4,814 ∙ ln 292,7 308 ∆𝑆 = 11,635 ( 𝐽 𝐾 )