The document discusses gout, a type of arthritis caused by uric acid crystals in the joints. It defines gout, lists its symptoms such as sudden severe pain in joints like the big toe, and describes its typical progression from asymptomatic to acute attacks to a chronic condition if left untreated. Risk factors include being male, obesity, diet high in purines, and certain medications. Diagnosis involves examining synovial fluid for uric acid crystals. Treatment focuses on relieving acute attacks, preventing future attacks by reducing uric acid levels in the blood long-term through medications and diet changes, and managing chronic complications through continued medical care.
The document discusses gout, a type of arthritis caused by uric acid crystals in the joints. It defines gout, lists its symptoms such as sudden severe pain in joints like the big toe, and describes its typical progression from asymptomatic to acute attacks to a chronic condition if left untreated. Risk factors include being male, obesity, diet high in purines, and certain medications. Diagnosis involves examining synovial fluid for uric acid crystals. Treatment focuses on relieving acute attacks, preventing future attacks by reducing uric acid levels in the blood long-term through medications and diet changes, and managing chronic complications through continued medical care.
Gout is a common type of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood that leads to urate crystal deposits in joints. It affects around 1-2% of adults in developed countries. Diet, genetics, comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, and medications like diuretics are risk factors. Acute gout attacks are typically treated with NSAIDs, colchicine, or corticosteroids. Long-term management involves lowering uric acid levels through medications like allopurinol, febuxostat, or uricosuric drugs and lifestyle changes like diet modification and weight loss. Proper treatment can help prevent future gout attacks and dissolve urate crystals from joints.
Gout is a metabolic disease caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood. It most commonly manifests as recurrent attacks of inflammatory arthritis. The uric acid can crystallize and deposit in joints, tendons and surrounding tissues. Hyperuricemia alone does not indicate gout; a person must experience signs and symptoms. Gout is typically treated by managing comorbidities, lifestyle modifications, medications to prevent attacks such as colchicine or NSAIDs, and long-term urate-lowering therapy with allopurinol or probenecid to reduce uric acid levels. Surgical intervention may be considered for severe tophaceous gout resulting in joint destruction.
32. การทดลองที่นามาสู่โครงสร้างที่ถูกต้องของ DNA
คือ การทดลองของ อี ชาร์กาฟฟ์ และผู้ร่วมงาน
(ปี ค.ศ. 1947-1951)
จากการทดลองของชาร์กาฟฟ์ ( Chargaff’s Rule)
ใน DNA ของสิ่งมีชีวิตทุกชนิด เบส A จะมีปริมาณใกล้เคียงกับเบส T
และ เบส C มีปริมาณใกล้เคียงกับ เบส G ส่งผลให้อัตราส่วนของ
เบสพิวรีนมีค่าเท่ากับเบสไพริมิดีน
และปริมาณของ A + T จะเท่ากับหรือไม่เท่ากับปริมาณของเบส
G + C ก็ได้
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