18 3 farming and populism
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The document discusses the settlement of the American West by farmers in the late 19th century. It summarizes how the Homestead Act encouraged thousands to settle the plains by granting free land. Settlers faced a difficult life breaking sod and dry farming for wheat with little water. Eventually, overfarming led to lower wheat prices and economic problems for farmers. They organized politically through groups like the Grange and Populist Party to address issues like deflation and blame on railroads over their difficulties.
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Chapter 18: Americans Move West
The document provides an overview of how mining, ranching, and railroads transformed the American West in the late 1800s. It describes how the discovery of minerals like gold and silver led to mining booms and the growth of boomtowns. Meanwhile, the cattle industry expanded across the Great Plains, relying on cowboys to drive cattle to markets. To facilitate transportation, the first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the eastern and western United States by rail. Western expansion put pressure on Plains Indian tribes, leading to conflicts as settlers encroached on their lands.
Taming the Heartland
The Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862-1865 chartered the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads to build the transcontinental railroad. The railroads received loans of $16,000-$48,000 per mile of track laid and 10 square miles of land for each mile built. The railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the eastern and western United States by rail and enabling the transport of cattle from Texas to markets in the central plains. Ranchers began fencing in their land with barbed wire and raising more docile breeds of cattle as long cattle drives became impractical. Farming technologies like steel plows, mechanical reapers, and grain drills helped make farming the prairie lands viable.
Chapter 5
The document summarizes key events in the American West between 1865-1890. It describes the destruction of the buffalo, conflict between Native Americans and settlers over land, and massacres like Sand Creek and Wounded Knee. It also discusses the cattle industry, homesteading, railroads, agricultural colleges, economic struggles of farmers, the rise of the Populist movement and party, and their platform which called for bimetallism and financial reforms to help farmers.
Out west
The document discusses the settlement of the American West and conflicts with Native Americans. It covers key events such as the Treaty of Fort Laramie, the opening of reservations, the massacre at Sand Creek, Custer's Last Stand, and the Dawes Act which broke up tribal lands. It also summarizes the factors that led European migrants and Americans to settle in the West, including the discovery of gold and the building of the Transcontinental Railroad.
Chapter 13.3 farming the plains
The document summarizes incentives and challenges for farmers settling in the American West in the late 19th century. It discusses how settlers built sod homes and adapted farming methods to the dry climate. It also describes the Homestead Act of 1862, which gave settlers land for farming, and incentives like the Pacific Railway Act that encouraged railroad expansion. The document notes how African Americans began migrating west in large numbers after 1877 to escape oppression and violence in the South. It explains that bonanza farms, which operated like factories, were susceptible to boom and bust cycles due to their large costs and reliance on consistent harvests.
What is the history of Clarendon, Arkansas?
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Ch.16 the west ap
After the Civil War, settlers migrated westward hastened by the expansion of railroads. This period saw the widespread loss of lands and traditional way of life for many Native American tribes as farmers, ranchers, and miners moved onto the Great Plains, depriving them of hunting grounds and food sources. Hispanics already living in the Southwest also lost control of lands as Anglo-Americans established new farming and ranching operations. The economy of the West transitioned from mining and cattle ranching to commercial farming. Railroads played a key role in transporting cattle and settlers despite the hardships of settling the region.
Chapter 13.2 mining and ranching
1) The 1849 California Gold Rush and subsequent gold and silver discoveries in Colorado and Nevada in the late 1850s led to mass migrations to the American West and new mining settlements.
2) In 1897, large gold strikes in Canada's Yukon Territory and Alaska sparked the Klondike Gold Rush, drawing over 100,000 prospectors to the region within a year and establishing new frontier towns.
3) As mining camps grew into towns, women and children joined the miners, transforming rough camps into proper communities. Some camps like Seattle developed into large, wealthy towns built on the mining industry.
Recommended
Chapter 18: Americans Move West
The document provides an overview of how mining, ranching, and railroads transformed the American West in the late 1800s. It describes how the discovery of minerals like gold and silver led to mining booms and the growth of boomtowns. Meanwhile, the cattle industry expanded across the Great Plains, relying on cowboys to drive cattle to markets. To facilitate transportation, the first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the eastern and western United States by rail. Western expansion put pressure on Plains Indian tribes, leading to conflicts as settlers encroached on their lands.
Taming the Heartland
The Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862-1865 chartered the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads to build the transcontinental railroad. The railroads received loans of $16,000-$48,000 per mile of track laid and 10 square miles of land for each mile built. The railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the eastern and western United States by rail and enabling the transport of cattle from Texas to markets in the central plains. Ranchers began fencing in their land with barbed wire and raising more docile breeds of cattle as long cattle drives became impractical. Farming technologies like steel plows, mechanical reapers, and grain drills helped make farming the prairie lands viable.
Chapter 5
The document summarizes key events in the American West between 1865-1890. It describes the destruction of the buffalo, conflict between Native Americans and settlers over land, and massacres like Sand Creek and Wounded Knee. It also discusses the cattle industry, homesteading, railroads, agricultural colleges, economic struggles of farmers, the rise of the Populist movement and party, and their platform which called for bimetallism and financial reforms to help farmers.
Out west
The document discusses the settlement of the American West and conflicts with Native Americans. It covers key events such as the Treaty of Fort Laramie, the opening of reservations, the massacre at Sand Creek, Custer's Last Stand, and the Dawes Act which broke up tribal lands. It also summarizes the factors that led European migrants and Americans to settle in the West, including the discovery of gold and the building of the Transcontinental Railroad.
Chapter 13.3 farming the plains
The document summarizes incentives and challenges for farmers settling in the American West in the late 19th century. It discusses how settlers built sod homes and adapted farming methods to the dry climate. It also describes the Homestead Act of 1862, which gave settlers land for farming, and incentives like the Pacific Railway Act that encouraged railroad expansion. The document notes how African Americans began migrating west in large numbers after 1877 to escape oppression and violence in the South. It explains that bonanza farms, which operated like factories, were susceptible to boom and bust cycles due to their large costs and reliance on consistent harvests.
What is the history of Clarendon, Arkansas?
The area around Clarendon was originally populated by various Native Americans in the United StatesN...
Ch.16 the west ap
After the Civil War, settlers migrated westward hastened by the expansion of railroads. This period saw the widespread loss of lands and traditional way of life for many Native American tribes as farmers, ranchers, and miners moved onto the Great Plains, depriving them of hunting grounds and food sources. Hispanics already living in the Southwest also lost control of lands as Anglo-Americans established new farming and ranching operations. The economy of the West transitioned from mining and cattle ranching to commercial farming. Railroads played a key role in transporting cattle and settlers despite the hardships of settling the region.
Chapter 13.2 mining and ranching
1) The 1849 California Gold Rush and subsequent gold and silver discoveries in Colorado and Nevada in the late 1850s led to mass migrations to the American West and new mining settlements.
2) In 1897, large gold strikes in Canada's Yukon Territory and Alaska sparked the Klondike Gold Rush, drawing over 100,000 prospectors to the region within a year and establishing new frontier towns.
3) As mining camps grew into towns, women and children joined the miners, transforming rough camps into proper communities. Some camps like Seattle developed into large, wealthy towns built on the mining industry.
Theme 4 assign 2
The English established colonies in Virginia in the early 1600s, including the settlement of Jamestown on the James River. Tobacco became a very profitable crop for the Virginia colony, thriving in the hot, humid conditions. However, tensions arose between colonists and Native Americans as the colonists expected the Natives to provide them with food. The Chesapeake colonies, including Virginia, relied heavily on indentured servants and slave labor to work the tobacco fields under harsh conditions for the profitable crop. As slavery became more economically viable, planters began replacing servants with slaves on their plantations.
Development of west 2
The end of the Indian Wars in 1885 marked the end of threats to settlers in the West, sparking mass migration. The population of California rose by over 600,000 people between 1890 and 1900. Barbed wire was invented in 1874, fencing off the Great Plains and ending the era of cattle drives and cowboys. Railroads were built through the West in the late 1800s, connecting new territories and encouraging settlement through land grants from the government. The railroads reduced costs and increased access, further opening the West to migration.
Grazing in new mexico, then and now
Grazing practices in New Mexico have changed significantly over time. When the Spanish first arrived in 1540, they brought thousands of livestock that grazed freely across vast ranges. By the late 1800s, large English and Scottish syndicates owned thousands of cattle across large ranches. However, overgrazing in the 19th and early 20th centuries degraded rangelands. Now, ranchers use managed grazing systems like rotation and rest periods to improve forage and benefit both livestock and the land. These modern practices have led to increased stocking rates, soil carbon levels, and water retention on one ranch compared to continuous grazing of the past.
18 1 miners, ranchers, and railroads
After the Civil War, more Americans moved west seeking new jobs and opportunities on the frontier. The discovery of the Comstock Lode silver deposit in Nevada led to a mining boom and the rise of boomtowns near mining sites, though mining was dangerous work. The growth of cattle ranching in Texas and the Great Plains, known as the Cattle Kingdom, helped meet the rising demand for beef back east. Cowboys drove longhorn cattle along trails like the Chisholm Trail to market and railroads. The government sponsored the building of the first Transcontinental Railroad to connect the east and west coasts, which was built by the Union Pacific traveling west and the Central Pacific traveling east using Irish and Chinese workers respectively. The railroad's
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This document discusses the settlement of the American West in the late 19th century. It covers three main topics: the growth of the cattle industry following the Civil War, fueled by demand from cities and the expansion of railroads; the movement of farmers and homesteaders onto the Great Plains, encouraged by policies like the Homestead Act and railroad construction; and the emergence of the Populist movement among farmers in response to economic hardships and difficult conditions.
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The document provides context about life and society in the agricultural South from the 17th to 18th centuries. It describes the fertile soil and single cash crop economy based around tobacco and cotton plantations. It notes the rural nature of the South and importance of rivers for transportation. It discusses the roles of indentured servants and slavery in the Southern economy and society, and some ways slaves resisted and maintained aspects of their culture.
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The document outlines plans for a 336-acre development called Jackson Meadow located along the St. Croix River. It will include 230 acres of open space divided into agricultural land, forest, and meadow lots. The development will feature a grid of streets and lanes as well as paths and trails. A pedestrian trail will connect the meadow lots and village. The goal is to create a walkable community that preserves the natural landscape and protects agricultural land.
C:\Documents And Settings\Sfortmann\My Documents\The Settling Of The Great Pl...
The document discusses the rapid settlement of the Great Plains region in the United States following the Civil War. The Homestead Act of 1862 gave settlers 160 acres of free land if they lived on and cultivated the land for 5 years, encouraging many white settlers to flock to the Great Plains to take advantage of this opportunity. As a result, within 30 years the once wild "frontier" region was transformed into a major farming region. Students are assigned to create a diagram showing key factors, such as the Homestead Act, railroads, agricultural technology, and natural resources that contributed to this settlement of the Great Plains.
American History Chapter 3, Section 2
Tobacco became the profitable cash crop that saved the Jamestown colony, but it was a labor-intensive crop to cultivate. Plantation owners in the South from 1690 to 1750 utilized indentured servants and enslaved Africans for labor, as indigenous natives had proved too difficult to enslave as they knew the land and could escape. Enslaved Africans were obtained through the triangular trade and endured the dreaded Middle Passage. Slaves resisted their owners through methods like faking illness, breaking tools, and working slowly, though rebellions like the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina led to crackdowns and punishment of slaves whether involved or not.
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Homestead act ppt
The Homestead Act was passed in 1862 to encourage settlement of the Great Plains by offering citizens 160 acres of government land if they improved the land by building a home and planting crops within 5 years. While the requirements seemed easy, many settlers lacked farming experience and the land was dry, making farming difficult. Less than half of the 2 million people who claimed land under the Homestead Act lived there long enough to own it. Pioneers built homes out of sod blocks when wood was scarce.
Native Americans Chisholm Trail
The document summarizes key events and developments in the American West between the mid-19th century and late 19th century, including the lives of Plains Indians, the rise of mining and railroads, cattle drives and ranching, and the decline of the buffalo and Native American way of life. It mentions the Comstock Lode silver strike, the building of the transcontinental railroad, the Chisholm Trail that drove cattle to market, the Sand Creek Massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people, the Battle of Little Big Horn, the Ghost Dance religion, and the Wounded Knee massacre.
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The document discusses the history of ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes important ranches like the King Ranch, located in Kennedy County, which at its largest encompassed over 1 million acres. It also discusses pioneers of ranching in the Panhandle such as John Adair and Charles Goodnight who established the huge JA Ranch. The document also notes the role of African American trail drivers like Bose Ikard and how the cowboy lifestyle was popularized through dime novels.
U.S. History Since Reconstruction ~ Week Two Lecture
Between 1870-1900, the number of American farms doubled to over 1 million new farms. The amount of farmland also doubled, encouraged by government policies. Key factors in western development included the transcontinental railroad which received 100 million acres under the Pacific Railway Act, the Homestead Act which gave settlers 160 acres for free after 5 years, and the removal of Plains Indian tribes and buffalo herds. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 broke up reservations by distributing land to individual Native Americans in an attempt to assimilate them, but ultimately resulted in the loss of 60% of reservation lands and 66% of allotted lands.
Ch. 16 ap west ppt
After the Civil War, Americans began settling in the West in large numbers, pursuing opportunities in mining, ranching, and farming. Life for these settlers and for the Native Americans who already lived there was often difficult. The railroads played a key role in enabling and hastening migration West by transporting both settlers and cattle. During this period of western expansion and settlement, many Native American tribes lost their traditional homelands and ways of life.
Homestead act
The Homestead Act of 1862 aimed to promote westward expansion by granting land claims to male citizens and immigrants who would improve the land. While some impoverished farmers benefited, much of the land went to speculators who sold it at inflated prices or to non-farmers. Industrialization later led to large corporate farms replacing small homesteads in the West. The Homestead Act attracted settlers seeking land, riches, freedom, jobs, adventure, and family in the growing nation.
View Lot
Property is within walking distance to stores and post office. Cambridge is only about 45 minutes from Hell's Canyon (a great water recreational area) and about 30 minutes from Weiser. Beautiful valley close to hunting, fishing and other outdoor activities.
Final reasons for westward expansion 2015
The document summarizes five key reasons for Westward Expansion in the United States during the late 19th century:
1. The Homestead Act of 1862 provided opportunities for settlers to claim ownership of 160 acres of free land if they made improvements, encouraging migration. Inventions like sod houses, windmills, steel plows, and barbed wire helped homesteaders fulfill requirements.
2. The passage of the Pacific Railway Act in 1862 launched construction of the transcontinental railroad, uniting the country by rail and facilitating travel and transport.
3. The possibility of striking gold or silver drew prospectors to mines in places like California, Colorado, and Nevada, establishing new settlements and wealth.
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The first English colony in North America was established in 1606 at Jamestown, Virginia by the London Company. The colony struggled with hardships like attacks from the native Algonquian people and famine during the harsh winters. John Smith provided strong leadership and helped the colony survive during this time. In 1619, the first African slaves arrived in Virginia to work on tobacco plantations, which became a major cash crop. The capital moved from Jamestown to Williamsburg in 1699 due to better defenses and sanitation. Virginia became a royal colony in 1624 and the 10th state to ratify the US Constitution.
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19 3 industrial workers
The document summarizes the effects of industrialization on workers in the late 19th century, including long hours, low pay, and poor working conditions. It describes how workers organized unions like the Knights of Labor and AFL to collectively bargain for better treatment. Notable strikes included the Haymarket Riot of 1886, the Homestead Strike of 1892, and the Pullman Strike of 1894, which involved violent clashes but helped grow the labor movement.
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Theme 4 assign 2
The English established colonies in Virginia in the early 1600s, including the settlement of Jamestown on the James River. Tobacco became a very profitable crop for the Virginia colony, thriving in the hot, humid conditions. However, tensions arose between colonists and Native Americans as the colonists expected the Natives to provide them with food. The Chesapeake colonies, including Virginia, relied heavily on indentured servants and slave labor to work the tobacco fields under harsh conditions for the profitable crop. As slavery became more economically viable, planters began replacing servants with slaves on their plantations.
Development of west 2
The end of the Indian Wars in 1885 marked the end of threats to settlers in the West, sparking mass migration. The population of California rose by over 600,000 people between 1890 and 1900. Barbed wire was invented in 1874, fencing off the Great Plains and ending the era of cattle drives and cowboys. Railroads were built through the West in the late 1800s, connecting new territories and encouraging settlement through land grants from the government. The railroads reduced costs and increased access, further opening the West to migration.
Grazing in new mexico, then and now
Grazing practices in New Mexico have changed significantly over time. When the Spanish first arrived in 1540, they brought thousands of livestock that grazed freely across vast ranges. By the late 1800s, large English and Scottish syndicates owned thousands of cattle across large ranches. However, overgrazing in the 19th and early 20th centuries degraded rangelands. Now, ranchers use managed grazing systems like rotation and rest periods to improve forage and benefit both livestock and the land. These modern practices have led to increased stocking rates, soil carbon levels, and water retention on one ranch compared to continuous grazing of the past.
18 1 miners, ranchers, and railroads
After the Civil War, more Americans moved west seeking new jobs and opportunities on the frontier. The discovery of the Comstock Lode silver deposit in Nevada led to a mining boom and the rise of boomtowns near mining sites, though mining was dangerous work. The growth of cattle ranching in Texas and the Great Plains, known as the Cattle Kingdom, helped meet the rising demand for beef back east. Cowboys drove longhorn cattle along trails like the Chisholm Trail to market and railroads. The government sponsored the building of the first Transcontinental Railroad to connect the east and west coasts, which was built by the Union Pacific traveling west and the Central Pacific traveling east using Irish and Chinese workers respectively. The railroad's
Westward expansion
This document discusses the settlement of the American West in the late 19th century. It covers three main topics: the growth of the cattle industry following the Civil War, fueled by demand from cities and the expansion of railroads; the movement of farmers and homesteaders onto the Great Plains, encouraged by policies like the Homestead Act and railroad construction; and the emergence of the Populist movement among farmers in response to economic hardships and difficult conditions.
The Agricultural South Chapter 3, Section 2
The document provides context about life and society in the agricultural South from the 17th to 18th centuries. It describes the fertile soil and single cash crop economy based around tobacco and cotton plantations. It notes the rural nature of the South and importance of rivers for transportation. It discusses the roles of indentured servants and slavery in the Southern economy and society, and some ways slaves resisted and maintained aspects of their culture.
Shaun Coen at Plain Green 08
The document outlines plans for a 336-acre development called Jackson Meadow located along the St. Croix River. It will include 230 acres of open space divided into agricultural land, forest, and meadow lots. The development will feature a grid of streets and lanes as well as paths and trails. A pedestrian trail will connect the meadow lots and village. The goal is to create a walkable community that preserves the natural landscape and protects agricultural land.
C:\Documents And Settings\Sfortmann\My Documents\The Settling Of The Great Pl...
The document discusses the rapid settlement of the Great Plains region in the United States following the Civil War. The Homestead Act of 1862 gave settlers 160 acres of free land if they lived on and cultivated the land for 5 years, encouraging many white settlers to flock to the Great Plains to take advantage of this opportunity. As a result, within 30 years the once wild "frontier" region was transformed into a major farming region. Students are assigned to create a diagram showing key factors, such as the Homestead Act, railroads, agricultural technology, and natural resources that contributed to this settlement of the Great Plains.
American History Chapter 3, Section 2
Tobacco became the profitable cash crop that saved the Jamestown colony, but it was a labor-intensive crop to cultivate. Plantation owners in the South from 1690 to 1750 utilized indentured servants and enslaved Africans for labor, as indigenous natives had proved too difficult to enslave as they knew the land and could escape. Enslaved Africans were obtained through the triangular trade and endured the dreaded Middle Passage. Slaves resisted their owners through methods like faking illness, breaking tools, and working slowly, though rebellions like the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina led to crackdowns and punishment of slaves whether involved or not.
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl occurred in the 1930s in the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma, affecting over 100 million acres of land. Plowing practices depleted the soil, killing the natural grasses that held it in place. Without crop rotation, the exposed topsoil turned to sand and was blown away during massive dust storms. The storms were so severe that they reached the East Coast and caused many farmers to abandon their homes and migrate to California in search of work. President Roosevelt eventually intervened by establishing a tree barrier to control the storms and restore the damaged soil.
Homestead act ppt
The Homestead Act was passed in 1862 to encourage settlement of the Great Plains by offering citizens 160 acres of government land if they improved the land by building a home and planting crops within 5 years. While the requirements seemed easy, many settlers lacked farming experience and the land was dry, making farming difficult. Less than half of the 2 million people who claimed land under the Homestead Act lived there long enough to own it. Pioneers built homes out of sod blocks when wood was scarce.
Native Americans Chisholm Trail
The document summarizes key events and developments in the American West between the mid-19th century and late 19th century, including the lives of Plains Indians, the rise of mining and railroads, cattle drives and ranching, and the decline of the buffalo and Native American way of life. It mentions the Comstock Lode silver strike, the building of the transcontinental railroad, the Chisholm Trail that drove cattle to market, the Sand Creek Massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people, the Battle of Little Big Horn, the Ghost Dance religion, and the Wounded Knee massacre.
Nevada - Yellow
Nevada is located in the western United States, bordered by California, Utah, Oregon, Idaho and Arizona. It is part of the Great Basin region and has a very dry climate, though the western side receives more rain. Notable landmarks include Lake Tahoe, the Colorado River, Goldfield and the Nevada Test Site. Transportation includes McCarren National Airport, roads and railroads, and exports include hay, livestock, dairy products and potatoes.
TX History Ch 21.3
The document discusses the history of ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes important ranches like the King Ranch, located in Kennedy County, which at its largest encompassed over 1 million acres. It also discusses pioneers of ranching in the Panhandle such as John Adair and Charles Goodnight who established the huge JA Ranch. The document also notes the role of African American trail drivers like Bose Ikard and how the cowboy lifestyle was popularized through dime novels.
U.S. History Since Reconstruction ~ Week Two Lecture
Between 1870-1900, the number of American farms doubled to over 1 million new farms. The amount of farmland also doubled, encouraged by government policies. Key factors in western development included the transcontinental railroad which received 100 million acres under the Pacific Railway Act, the Homestead Act which gave settlers 160 acres for free after 5 years, and the removal of Plains Indian tribes and buffalo herds. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 broke up reservations by distributing land to individual Native Americans in an attempt to assimilate them, but ultimately resulted in the loss of 60% of reservation lands and 66% of allotted lands.
Ch. 16 ap west ppt
After the Civil War, Americans began settling in the West in large numbers, pursuing opportunities in mining, ranching, and farming. Life for these settlers and for the Native Americans who already lived there was often difficult. The railroads played a key role in enabling and hastening migration West by transporting both settlers and cattle. During this period of western expansion and settlement, many Native American tribes lost their traditional homelands and ways of life.
Homestead act
The Homestead Act of 1862 aimed to promote westward expansion by granting land claims to male citizens and immigrants who would improve the land. While some impoverished farmers benefited, much of the land went to speculators who sold it at inflated prices or to non-farmers. Industrialization later led to large corporate farms replacing small homesteads in the West. The Homestead Act attracted settlers seeking land, riches, freedom, jobs, adventure, and family in the growing nation.
View Lot
Property is within walking distance to stores and post office. Cambridge is only about 45 minutes from Hell's Canyon (a great water recreational area) and about 30 minutes from Weiser. Beautiful valley close to hunting, fishing and other outdoor activities.
Final reasons for westward expansion 2015
The document summarizes five key reasons for Westward Expansion in the United States during the late 19th century:
1. The Homestead Act of 1862 provided opportunities for settlers to claim ownership of 160 acres of free land if they made improvements, encouraging migration. Inventions like sod houses, windmills, steel plows, and barbed wire helped homesteaders fulfill requirements.
2. The passage of the Pacific Railway Act in 1862 launched construction of the transcontinental railroad, uniting the country by rail and facilitating travel and transport.
3. The possibility of striking gold or silver drew prospectors to mines in places like California, Colorado, and Nevada, establishing new settlements and wealth.
Virginia qu
The first English colony in North America was established in 1606 at Jamestown, Virginia by the London Company. The colony struggled with hardships like attacks from the native Algonquian people and famine during the harsh winters. John Smith provided strong leadership and helped the colony survive during this time. In 1619, the first African slaves arrived in Virginia to work on tobacco plantations, which became a major cash crop. The capital moved from Jamestown to Williamsburg in 1699 due to better defenses and sanitation. Virginia became a royal colony in 1624 and the 10th state to ratify the US Constitution.
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C:\Documents And Settings\Sfortmann\My Documents\The Settling Of The Great Pl...
C:\Documents And Settings\Sfortmann\My Documents\The Settling Of The Great Pl...
U.S. History Since Reconstruction ~ Week Two Lecture
U.S. History Since Reconstruction ~ Week Two Lecture
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19 2 big business
Big businesses in the late 19th century United States grew through forming corporations that issued stock, acquiring other companies through horizontal and vertical integration, and creating trusts. This allowed some businessmen like Andrew Carnegie in steel and John D. Rockefeller in oil to gain control of their industries and become extraordinarily wealthy, though some criticized this as cheating the system while others viewed it as a natural outcome of social Darwinism's "survival of the fittest."
19 3 industrial workers
The document summarizes the effects of industrialization on workers in the late 19th century, including long hours, low pay, and poor working conditions. It describes how workers organized unions like the Knights of Labor and AFL to collectively bargain for better treatment. Notable strikes included the Haymarket Riot of 1886, the Homestead Strike of 1892, and the Pullman Strike of 1894, which involved violent clashes but helped grow the labor movement.
20 immigrants and urban life
This document discusses immigration to the United States between 1840-1900 and life for immigrants in cities at the turn of the 20th century. It provides data on immigration sources by region to the US in 1840-1860 and 1880-1900. Images show types of immigrant ships and arrivals at Ellis Island. Brief descriptions note the growth and demographics of Pittsburgh in 1900, including housing conditions in tenement buildings. Tables list the 15 largest US cities by population in 1900 and 2005.
18 2 wars for the west
This document summarizes conflicts between settlers and Plains Indians in the American West. As settlers moved onto lands inhabited by tribes like the Sioux, conflicts arose over land and resources. The government attempted to resolve tensions through treaties establishing reservations, but these agreements were often broken. Notable conflicts included the Sioux victory over Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn and the Wounded Knee Massacre. Ultimately, Plains tribes were confined to reservations as settlers continued westward expansion.
3 2 cultures of middle america
The document provides information on early civilizations in Middle America, including the Olmecs, Mayans, and Aztecs. It describes that the Olmecs lived along the Gulf of Mexico from 1200 BC to 600 BC and were known for the large carved stone heads they created. The Mayans lived in the Yucatan Peninsula from 250 AD to 900 AD, used slash-and-burn farming of maize, and had advanced cities with temple pyramids, hieroglyphic writing, and the most accurate calendar of their time based on the sun and moon. However, the Mayan cities were mysteriously abandoned around 900 AD. The Aztecs built the city of Tenochtitlan on islands in Lake
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The Incas built a vast empire in South America between 1200-1400 AD centered around Cuzco, Peru. The Inca emperor, called the Sapa Inca, ruled over 12 million people across 2,500 miles and was believed to be related to the sun god. The Incas developed an advanced civilization with impressive infrastructure including roads, bridges, and stone buildings, as well as innovative agricultural techniques using terraces and irrigation. They also established a complex government system and used knotted strings called quipu to record information.
21 the progressive spirit of reform
Progressives during the late 1800s worked to reform politics and improve society for the urban poor. They exposed corruption through muckraking journalism and advocated for political reforms like the secret ballot and recall elections. Their goals included helping the urban poor through improved housing, establishing workers' compensation laws, and advancing women's suffrage and civil rights.
5 4 the power of kings
1) Under feudalism, powerful nobles held land and vassals, sometimes more than the king.
2) The growth of towns and the middle class contributed to the decline of feudalism as kings gained support in exchange for protecting towns.
3) Kings used new financial resources to attack troublesome nobles and weaken their power, contributing to the rise of strong centralized nations under kings.
3 3 cultures of north america
The document summarizes the early civilizations that existed in North America, including the Mound Builders, Anasazi, Plains Indians, Pacific Northwest Indians, and Eastern Woodland Indians. The Mound Builders lived between 700 BC and 1250 AD along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, building thousands of earthen mounds for burial and religious ceremonies. The Anasazi lived in the Southwest between 100 AD and 1300 AD, constructing cliffside pueblos and underground kivas. Plains Indians followed buffalo herds on the Great Plains and lived in tipis. Pacific Northwest Indians hunted and fished in forests, carving totem poles, while Eastern Woodland Indians lived in wigwams and longhouses
16 4 daily life during the war
Daily life during the Civil War was difficult for both soldiers and civilians. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which freed slaves in rebel states. However, the Union did not control these areas. There was opposition to the war in the North by Democrats and others against the draft. Lincoln suspended habeas corpus in response. For civilians, women had to take over family farms and businesses while men fought. The Northern economy boomed by producing weapons and supplies for the war.
5 3 the crusades
The document summarizes the Crusades, a series of military expeditions launched by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of recapturing the Holy Land from Muslim rule. It describes how the Byzantine emperor's call for help against the Seljuk Turks and Pope Urban II's speech in 1095 inspired the First Crusade. The Crusaders had some successes but also failures like the People's Crusade, and Jerusalem changed hands between Christians and Muslims over subsequent crusades led by figures like Richard the Lionheart and Saladin.
16 3 the war in the west
General Ulysses S. Grant led aggressive Union forces in the American Civil War's Western Theater. He scored victories at Forts Henry and Donelson in Tennessee, allowing Union control of most of the Mississippi River. However, the strategic city of Vicksburg, Mississippi still blocked Union supply lines. After failing to take Vicksburg directly, Grant laid siege to the city for six weeks until it surrendered on July 4, 1863, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and splitting the Confederacy.
16 1 the war begins
The document summarizes the resources, strategies, and events leading up to the start of the American Civil War. The North had greater population, industry, and railroad infrastructure, while the South had superior military leadership. The North planned to blockade Southern ports and capture the Mississippi River and Richmond. The South aimed to wear down the North through defense and gain allies like England. Tensions escalated when Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, firing the first shots of the Civil War and leading the fort to surrender.
15 3 political divisions
The document summarizes political divisions in the United States in the 1850s. It discusses the breakdown of the Whig Party and formation of the Republican Party in response. It outlines the 1856 presidential election where Republican John Fremont challenged Democrat James Buchanan. It also discusses key events like the Dred Scott decision that upheld slavery and the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 that boosted Abraham Lincoln's national profile as he challenged pro-slavery policies.
15 1 the debate over slavery
This section discusses the debate over slavery in new territories gained after the Mexican-American War. There were bitter disputes between those who wanted slavery allowed in all territories and those who supported banning it. The Compromise of 1850 was proposed to address these tensions. It admitted California as a free state, organized other territories under popular sovereignty, ended the slave trade in Washington D.C. but not slavery itself, and passed a strict Fugitive Slave Act requiring escaped slaves to be returned to their owners.
14 5 women's rights
Women in the 1800s had few rights and opportunities. They were not allowed to vote, serve on juries, own property after marriage, or earn equal pay. The Women's Rights Movement began as women fought for abolition and temperance, and realized they needed to advocate for their own rights. In 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the first Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York. They drafted the Declaration of Sentiments to outline the social injustices faced by women and demand equal rights. Leaders like Lucy Stone and Susan B. Anthony continued advocating for women's suffrage, despite opposition who felt women's place was only in the home.
Medieval japan
Zen gardens originated in Japan as tranquil spaces for meditation, with meticulously trimmed trees and meticulously raked sand designed to create a sense of calm and peace. Zen Buddhism also took hold in Japan because it de-emphasized theoretical knowledge and encouraged enlightenment through meditation, an approach that fit well with the traditions of Japanese samurai warriors.
Medieval japan
The document discusses aspects of early Japanese culture including that the Yayoi people were skilled metalworkers, buried their chiefs in large mounds, and relied heavily on seafood due to only 20% of land being farmable. It also mentions that while China was Japan's greatest cultural influence, the Japanese language is not related to Chinese. Key figures of medieval Japan and the feudal hierarchical system are outlined, with the emperor at the top and wealth coming from farmers and international trade.
17 1 rebuilding the south
Reconstruction began as the process of readmitting the southern states back into the Union after the Civil War from 1865-1877. The South's cities and factories were ruined after the war, leaving many people jobless and homeless with worthless Confederate money. Lincoln proposed a lenient Reconstruction plan that offered amnesty to Southerners who took an oath of loyalty, but Congress disagreed and proposed a stricter plan. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery in 1865 but freed slaves were left poor, jobless and uneducated with nowhere to go. The Freedmen's Bureau was established by Congress to provide relief and schools for freed slaves. However, Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 and Vice President Andrew Johnson became President.
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Americans move west
As more settlers moved West, three key developments transformed the landscape:
1. A mining boom brought growth to western towns, though mining was dangerous work.
2. The cattle industry created a short-lived "Cattle Kingdom" on the Great Plains, driven by demand for beef, before competition and new technologies ended it.
3. The transcontinental railroad connected East and West, spurring further population growth and economic development in the West.
Settling the west(full ppt)
The document summarizes the settlement of the American West by various groups including miners, ranchers, farmers, and Native Americans. It describes how miners engaged in placer and quartz mining for gold and other minerals. It also discusses the rise of cattle ranching and the establishment of the cattle drive system. Farming expanded through the use of new technologies and wheat became a major crop on the Great Plains. Native Americans resisted western expansion and fought settlers and the US military in various conflicts like the Sand Creek Massacre and Battle of Little Bighorn. Overall it provides a broad overview of the major economic and demographic developments in settling the American West.
Teacher Notes MODULE 11.pptx
The document summarizes key events in American history related to westward expansion between the late 1800s and early 1900s. It describes how the culture of Plains Indian tribes declined as white settlers moved onto their lands, forcing tribes onto reservations. Settlers engaged in mining, ranching and farming on the Great Plains, transforming the land, despite facing many hardships. Farmers organized through alliances and populism to advocate for their economic interests against railroads and other industries they felt were exploiting them.
Settling the West
The document provides details about the settling of the American West in the late 19th century, including the gold rush in Nevada, cattle ranching and drives, farming on the Great Plains, and conflicts with Native Americans. It describes how the discovery of gold and silver in Nevada led to a boomtown of 30,000 people in Virginia City almost overnight in 1859. Cattle drives along trails like the Chisholm Trail brought over 1.5 million head of cattle from Texas to Kansas between 1867 and 1871. Farming on the Great Plains was challenging due to lack of water and trees and threats of fires and grasshoppers but new technologies like barbed wire and steam-powered farming equipment enabled settlement. Conflicts with Native Americans
West populism
1) The document describes the settlement of the American West in the late 19th century, including conflicts between Native tribes and settlers over land use and the destruction of the buffalo.
2) It also discusses the rise of cattle ranching and farming on the Great Plains, the economic struggles of farmers in the 1880s-1890s, and the Populist movement that arose in response to fight railroads and banks.
3) Although the Populist Party collapsed after William Jennings Bryan's 1896 presidential loss, it left a lasting legacy of reforms and a message that organized groups of common people can make their voices heard.
Ch 13
Miners expanded westward through placer and quartz mining, helping drive expansion. Ranching also grew on the open ranges of the Great Plains, with longhorn cattle herded by cowboys. As more settlers arrived, land disputes arose over ownership models between Native Americans and newcomers, leading the government to restrict tribes to reservations. The settling of the West was challenging for both homesteaders and Native Americans, with many struggling against the difficulties of the land and changes to their traditional ways of life.
Final westward expansion presentation 2015 2016
The unsettled land west of the Mississippi River contributed greatly to the growth of the United States after 1865 through territorial expansion enabled by new technologies and innovations. Railroads transported settlers and goods, promoting growth. Inventions like barbed wire and steel plows made farming the prairies viable. Adaptations such as dry farming, sod houses, cattle ranching, and windmills helped settlers survive on the Great Plains. However, unsustainable practices later led to ecological problems like the Dust Bowl.
Ch.3 americans move west
1) The document summarizes the settlement and development of the American West following the Civil War, including mining booms that brought growth, cattle ranching on the Great Plains, and the linking of east and west with the transcontinental railroad.
2) Settlers established farms and communities on the Great Plains, but faced economic challenges that led to the formation of political groups like the Grange and Populist Party to advocate for farmers' interests.
3) By the 1890s, conflicts with Native Americans over land largely ended as the western frontier closed.
Occupations of the Open Range
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Ch.16 the west ap
After the Civil War, many settlers migrated westward to settle the frontier. They faced great hardships but were driven by the promise of land and opportunity. Railroads accelerated westward expansion by transporting both settlers and goods. As settlers increasingly encroached on their lands, many Native American tribes lost their homelands and traditional way of life, often through conflict and broken treaties that forced their relocation to reservations. Ranching, mining, and commercial farming transformed the Western economy in the 19th century.
Ch.16 the west ap
The document summarizes the settlement of the American West after the Civil War. Various groups inhabited the West, including Native Americans, Hispanics, Chinese immigrants, and settlers from the eastern U.S. who migrated westward. Native Americans increasingly lost their lands and way of life as settlers encroached on their territory. Significant events like the Homestead Act, cattle ranching, and construction of the transcontinental railroad drove further settlement of the West.
Chapter 2
The document summarizes Western expansion in the mid-19th century United States. It discusses key events like the annexation of Texas, Oregon Territory, and Mexican Cession that expanded U.S. territory westward. It also describes cultural clashes as European, Mexican, African American, Chinese, and Native American groups interacted in the expanding West. Ranching, farming, mining, and the transcontinental railroad transformed the economy and society of the Western territories during this period of rapid growth and conflict. Farmers organized cooperatives and the Populist movement in response to economic difficulties in the late 1800s.
Dust bowl project natalie
During WWI, farmers in the central plains expanded wheat production which led them to plow under native grasses, weakening the soil. A drought in the 1930s caused the loose soil to dry out and blow away in massive dust storms, known as the Dust Bowl. The dust storms destroyed crops and livestock, forcing many farmers to abandon their land and migrate west along Route 66 to California in search of work, as depicted in The Grapes of Wrath. The New Deal created programs like crop rotation and shelter belts to stabilize the soil and prevent further dust storms.
Settling The West Chapter 8
The West
You can download the powerpoint presentation from my website http://historyteacherheaven.com
This will allow you to see all the clips and present it to your own class. This one is free. If you like it, buy some of my other creations for only $10
Final westward expansion presentation 2011 2012
The document discusses how new technologies after 1865 helped open up the Great Plains for western settlement by overcoming the region's physical obstacles. It describes inventions like barbed wire, steel plows, dry farming techniques, sod houses, cattle ranching, wheat farming, windmills, and railroads that helped settlers cultivate the land and make the Plains habitable. These changes addressed challenges like the lack of water, treeless landscape, tough soil, and helped turn the perception of the Plains into a territory of opportunity rather than a "desert".
8 settling the west
The document summarizes the key developments in mining and settlement in the American West between 1850-1900. It describes how the discovery of gold and silver in places like Virginia City led to boomtowns. Technological advances like barbed wire, steel plows and windmills helped enable large-scale farming on the plains. The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged western expansion by offering settlers land. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 further transformed the region. However, this influx of settlers and depletion of buffalo herds by hunters caused conflicts with Native Americans over land, leading to events like the Battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee Massacre.
Settling the west
After the Civil War, settlers migrated west seeking opportunities in mining, ranching, and farming. Railroads facilitated this westward expansion. Native Americans faced immense hardship as settlers overran their lands, destroying their way of life. Conflicts culminated in events like the Battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee massacre, where the U.S. military attacked Native American tribes, seeking to confine them to reservations.
Settling the west
After the Civil War, settlers migrated west seeking opportunities in mining, ranching, and farming. They faced many hardships on the frontier. Railroads accelerated western expansion by transporting settlers and goods. As settlers increasingly encroached on their lands, many Native American tribes lost their homelands and traditional way of life, often through broken treaties and armed conflict such as the Wounded Knee Massacre.
Dust bowl 4 (3)
The document discusses the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, one of the worst environmental disasters in U.S. history. It describes how a decade-long drought combined with poor farming practices, including overgrazing and plowing of too much land, left the topsoil vulnerable to being blown away by high winds. This led to massive dust storms that caused millions of tons of topsoil to blow eastward, devastating crops and forcing many farmers to abandon their homes and migrate west in search of work. The Dust Bowl affected the Great Plains states and was both an ecological and human disaster.
Dust bowl 4
The document discusses the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, one of the worst environmental disasters in U.S. history. It describes how a decade-long drought combined with poor farming practices, including overgrazing and plowing of too much land, left the topsoil vulnerable to being blown away by high winds. This led to massive dust storms that caused millions of tons of topsoil to blow eastward, devastating crops and forcing many farmers to abandon their homes and migrate west in search of work. The human and environmental impacts of the Dust Bowl were severe and long-lasting.
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6 1 the renaissance and reformation
The document summarizes the key events and impacts of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe between 1300-1600 CE. The Renaissance began in Italian city-states and was sparked by a rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman achievements. Notable figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo helped spread Renaissance ideals of humanism and realistic art. Martin Luther protested corruption in the Catholic Church and inspired the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses. His translation of the Bible increased literacy and the spread of Protestant ideals, dividing Europe along new religious lines. The Catholic Church held the Council of Trent and established the Inquisition to combat the growing heresy of Protestantism.
19 1 the second industrial revolution
The document summarizes key developments during the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States in the late 19th century. It describes innovations such as the Bessemer Process that made steel production faster and cheaper; the growth of oil drilling and kerosene leading to increased demand for oil; Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb and the development of power plants; Alexander Graham Bell's patent of the telephone; and advances in transportation including the first motorcar by the Duryea brothers and the Model T assembly line produced by Henry Ford.
17 3 reconstruction in the south
After the Civil War, Reconstruction attempted to integrate the Southern states back into the Union and establish rights for African Americans. Black men gained the right to vote and held over 600 state legislature seats and 16 Congressional seats. However, the Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation tactics against blacks and Republicans. After federal troops withdrew from the South in 1877, Southern states passed Jim Crow laws enforcing racial segregation and restricting black voting through poll taxes and literacy tests, limiting the rights African Americans had gained.
17 2 the fight over reconstruction
The document summarizes the political fight over Reconstruction between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans in Congress. After the Civil War, President Johnson allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union with lenient plans that did not protect the rights of freed slaves. In response, Southern states passed Black Codes limiting freedoms. The Radical Republicans passed the 14th and 15th Amendments to establish rights for African Americans and divided the South into military districts overseen by the North. When Johnson opposed these plans and fired the Secretary of War, Congress impeached Johnson though he was acquitted by one vote. The 1868 election was won by Ulysses S. Grant who supported the Radical Republican reconstruction plans.
16 5 the tide of war turns
The tide of war turned at Gettysburg in 1863. General Burnside and Hooker lost battles against Lee at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg, Meade commanded the Union army against Lee in the bloodiest 3-day battle that resulted in 28,000 casualties. Pickett's failed charge marked the turning point as the Union emerged victorious. Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address to honor the soldiers. Later, Sherman captured Atlanta and marched to the coast practicing "total war," while Grant attacked Lee in Virginia, finally surrounding him at Appomattox Courthouse where Lee surrendered, ending the Civil War.
16 2 the war in the east
The document summarizes several major battles and events in the Eastern theater of the American Civil War. It describes how the Confederacy won the First Battle of Bull Run, shocking Northern hopes for a short war. It then discusses how General George McClellan took charge of the Union army but was too cautious. The document outlines McClellan's Peninsular Campaign, which started well but resulted in a series of Confederate victories under General Robert E. Lee. It also summarizes the indecisive Battle of Antietam and the historic first battle between ironclad ships, the CSS Virginia and USS Monitor, marking the end of wooden warships.
15 4 the nation divides
John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia in 1859 hoping to arm slaves and start a rebellion. However, no slaves joined and Brown was soon captured and hanged. His actions increased tensions between northern abolitionists and southern slaveholders.
The 1860 presidential election saw Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the expansion of slavery. Northern and southern Democrats split their vote between Stephen Douglas and John C. Breckinridge. Lincoln won with only 40% of the popular vote. In response, eleven southern states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America, led by President Jefferson Davis. The nation was deeply divided on the eve of the Civil War.
15 2 trouble in kansas
The passage summarizes the political tensions and violence that emerged in Kansas in the 1850s following the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The act established popular sovereignty in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, dividing the Louisiana Purchase lands between them, and led to abolitionists and pro-slavery groups rushing to Kansas to gain control over whether it would allow slavery. Fraudulent elections and attacks by the rival groups on towns like Lawrence and Pottawatomie resulted in over 200 deaths and made Kansas a battlefield in the national debate over slavery, known as "Bleeding Kansas."
14 4 the movement to end slavery
This document summarizes the 19th century movement to abolish slavery in America. It discusses how abolitionists opposed slavery for religious and ideological reasons related to the Declaration of Independence. Abolitionists spread their message through speeches, pamphlets, and newspapers like The Liberator. The Underground Railroad helped escaped slaves travel north at night along freedom trails, hiding at stations during the day to eventually reach freedom in the North or Canada. African American abolitionists like Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth were also important speakers and advocates against slavery.
14 3 reforming society
The Second Great Awakening was a Christian renewal movement in the early 1800s that sparked new interest in religion and led people to improve society through other reform movements. These included the Temperance Movement, which urged people to stop drinking alcohol due to the social problems it caused; prison reform, which aimed to end overcrowding, cruel punishment, and housing of children and mentally ill in prisons; and education reform through the Common School Movement, which argued all children deserved a good education regardless of background.
14 1 immigrants and urban challenges
Millions of immigrants arrived in the United States between 1840-1860, mostly from Ireland and Germany. The Irish potato famine and political unrest in Germany drove many to immigrate for new opportunities. Irish immigrants mostly settled in Northeast cities and worked low-paying jobs, while Germans often settled in the Midwest and worked as farmers or skilled laborers. Rapid urbanization led to overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions in cities, as tenement housing lacked basic services, leading to increased disease, crime, and other issues. Nativist groups opposed immigration, worrying immigrants took jobs and brought different cultures.
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18 3 farming and populism
- 1. CHAPTER 18: Americans Move West Section 3: Farming and Populism
- 2. VOCABULARY Deflation: Overall decrease in prices of goods
- 3. THE GOVERNMENT WANTS SETTLERS Gov. wants settlers on the frontier
- 4. THE GOVERNMENT WANTS SETTLERS Not many went –“Great American Desert” myth
- 5. THE GOVERNMENT WANTS SETTLERS Homestead Act passed • Gave 160 nearly free acres • Must improve land • Live on for 5 years
- 6. THE GOVERNMENT WANTS SETTLERS Thousands rushed west to farm
- 7. HARD LIFE ON THE PLAINS Settlers called sodbusters • Had to break up root filled sod
- 8. HARD LIFE ON THE PLAINS Dry farming – grow wheat & use more land • Need less water
- 10. HARD LIFE ON THE PLAINS Lived in sod homes
- 12. HARD LIFE ON THE PLAINS Great Plains became the “Breadbasket of the world”
- 13. END OF THE FRONTIER Most frontier land was now taken and settled
- 14. END OF THE FRONTIER Oklahoma Land Rush – Last chapter of westward movement
- 15. Oklahoma Land Rush April 22, 1889
- 17. “Sooners”
- 18. END OF THE FRONTIER 1890 – Gov. proclaimed the frontier closed
- 19. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS More wheat produced = lower prices for wheat • Farmers can’t make money
- 20. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS Deflation also hurt • U.S. money was on the Gold Standard • Money supply grew more slowly than the population
- 21. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS Farmers blamed businessmen, grain buyers, and railroads
- 22. FARMERS ORGANIZE Farmers organized politically • National Grange – Social & educational organization for farmers • Populist Party – called for: • Gov. to own RR’s • Silver to help back dollars