1.It is the process of directing the television assistances are tran.pdf
•
0 likes•2 views
1.It is the process of directing the television assistances are transported with the help of intrenet protocol insdicating a packed switched network like local area network. 2.This iptv provides a power to bourn the media in tiny batches.moreover it provides a com-pell alternative as a commanding method to appart the content whe help of digital rights management. 3.Selecting a iptv lattice is depending upon the multiples containing service portfilo and network investment . 4.super head end : It is brain of iptv system.this is the place where broadcasting channels are received and transmited through the sources like fibre feeds,satelites.the video demand storage content is present at this stage. 5.Coustmer premise equipement:It is joined with home wiring to produce the home network.it contains a residential gate which is used to handle the control request from set top box.originally the cost of home wiring is costly,service providers extremely prefers to rewire the homes at the time of begining installation. 6.Core network: It is the middle part of a communication system offering a interconnection shift between the boarder networks.it is utilized to offer a soloitary connection. 7.headend end :It is a slice of television system.modulators demodulators processors and antennna....etc apparatus are used at this headend. protocols: 1.This iptv layers on multicast ans unicast.the protocols that are utilized in iptv are as below. 1.service based provider streaming 2.web based unicast only live and vod 3.web based multicast live and unicast vod streaming 4.joined tv\'s set top boxes Devices The devices utilized in internet protocol telivision are as below 1.android 2.mobiles 3.smart tvs 4.spark 5.royal 6.sun price ................etc Features specific to television services 1.Time shifting :A combo of iptv and digital video recorder allows the time shifting of scheduling theme. 2.Personalization:End-to-end iptv methodology braces the bidirectional communicationa and permits the end users to indidualize their tv watching atitude by permiting the users to mark as per their mood and what they want to see. 3.bandwidth requirements:This iptv system supports as per the channel requested by user.hence the iptv system allows the cable operators in order to preserve the bandwidth. 4.Support to interact tv:This iptv system offers two -way proficiency to perit the network operators to carry a complete output interactive of tv applications like games,internet browsing. Solution 1.It is the process of directing the television assistances are transported with the help of intrenet protocol insdicating a packed switched network like local area network. 2.This iptv provides a power to bourn the media in tiny batches.moreover it provides a com-pell alternative as a commanding method to appart the content whe help of digital rights management. 3.Selecting a iptv lattice is depending upon the multiples containing service portfilo and network investment . 4.super head en.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Delay Efficient Method for Delivering IPTV Services
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a system through which Internet television services are delivered using
the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network
infrastructure, e.g., the Internet and broadband Internet access networks, instead of being delivered through
traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal, and cable television (CATV) formats. IPTV provides
mainly three services: live TV, catch up TV, and video on demand (VoD).This paper focuses on delivering the
live TV services by exploiting the virtualised cloud architecture of the IPTV and statistical multiplexing. The
VoD tasks are prescheduled so that there will be less Instant Channel Change (ICC) delay. We select a proper
scheduling algorithm for rescheduling the VoD tasks. We then implement the scheduling algorithm for preshifting
the VoD tasks.
Survey paper on Virtualized cloud based IPTV System
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
E0431020024
This document summarizes a survey paper on virtualized cloud-based IPTV systems. It discusses how IPTV delivery over the internet places high demands on service provider resources. A virtualized cloud infrastructure allows resources to be shared and dynamically allocated to better handle instant channel change workload bursts and anticipate changes. The paper formulates an optimization problem to determine the optimal number of servers needed at different times to support live TV and video-on-demand services while minimizing costs. Various cost functions are analyzed. Benefits of cloud-based IPTV include interactivity, video on demand, ease of use, and integration of services.
Iptv presentation
1. IPTV delivers television content over the internet rather than through traditional cable or broadcast means. It allows viewing on computers, televisions through set-top boxes, and mobile devices.
2. Key advantages of IPTV include interactive programming, content on-demand, multi-screen viewing, and potentially lower costs compared to cable.
3. IPTV uses internet protocols to compress and deliver video and audio content. Live television uses multicast transmission while video on-demand uses unicast.
Iptv slide
This document discusses Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), which delivers television and audio content over an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It begins with a brief history of IPTV and an overview of how it works. Key points covered include the end-to-end architecture of an IPTV network, including elements like video servers and set-top boxes. The document also examines the IPTV protocols, advantages, applications, and limitations. It concludes by discussing the future growth of IPTV and its potential to integrate with other IP-based services.
iptv over ngn
IPTV is defined as multimedia services including television, video, audio, text, graphics and data delivered over managed IP-based networks providing quality of service. IPTV offers interactive features like video on demand, near video on demand, time shifted TV and TV on demand. IPTV can be delivered via unicast or multicast with network, cluster, peer-to-peer and hybrid models. The IPTV architecture involves content providers, service providers, network providers and customers.
Wi-Fi 802.11n Based Access Network for IPTV Service Delivery in Pakistan
This document discusses using Wi-Fi 802.11n as the access network for delivering IPTV services in Pakistan. It notes challenges with existing copper networks and proposes a fiber to the node with Wi-Fi last mile solution. Wi-Fi 802.11n provides higher throughput and quality of service compared to previous standards. This would allow delivering multiple HD/SD TV channels, video on demand, and other services to customers over a single connection.
Recommended
Delay Efficient Method for Delivering IPTV Services
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a system through which Internet television services are delivered using
the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network
infrastructure, e.g., the Internet and broadband Internet access networks, instead of being delivered through
traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal, and cable television (CATV) formats. IPTV provides
mainly three services: live TV, catch up TV, and video on demand (VoD).This paper focuses on delivering the
live TV services by exploiting the virtualised cloud architecture of the IPTV and statistical multiplexing. The
VoD tasks are prescheduled so that there will be less Instant Channel Change (ICC) delay. We select a proper
scheduling algorithm for rescheduling the VoD tasks. We then implement the scheduling algorithm for preshifting
the VoD tasks.
Survey paper on Virtualized cloud based IPTV System
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
E0431020024
This document summarizes a survey paper on virtualized cloud-based IPTV systems. It discusses how IPTV delivery over the internet places high demands on service provider resources. A virtualized cloud infrastructure allows resources to be shared and dynamically allocated to better handle instant channel change workload bursts and anticipate changes. The paper formulates an optimization problem to determine the optimal number of servers needed at different times to support live TV and video-on-demand services while minimizing costs. Various cost functions are analyzed. Benefits of cloud-based IPTV include interactivity, video on demand, ease of use, and integration of services.
Iptv presentation
1. IPTV delivers television content over the internet rather than through traditional cable or broadcast means. It allows viewing on computers, televisions through set-top boxes, and mobile devices.
2. Key advantages of IPTV include interactive programming, content on-demand, multi-screen viewing, and potentially lower costs compared to cable.
3. IPTV uses internet protocols to compress and deliver video and audio content. Live television uses multicast transmission while video on-demand uses unicast.
Iptv slide
This document discusses Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), which delivers television and audio content over an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It begins with a brief history of IPTV and an overview of how it works. Key points covered include the end-to-end architecture of an IPTV network, including elements like video servers and set-top boxes. The document also examines the IPTV protocols, advantages, applications, and limitations. It concludes by discussing the future growth of IPTV and its potential to integrate with other IP-based services.
iptv over ngn
IPTV is defined as multimedia services including television, video, audio, text, graphics and data delivered over managed IP-based networks providing quality of service. IPTV offers interactive features like video on demand, near video on demand, time shifted TV and TV on demand. IPTV can be delivered via unicast or multicast with network, cluster, peer-to-peer and hybrid models. The IPTV architecture involves content providers, service providers, network providers and customers.
Wi-Fi 802.11n Based Access Network for IPTV Service Delivery in Pakistan
This document discusses using Wi-Fi 802.11n as the access network for delivering IPTV services in Pakistan. It notes challenges with existing copper networks and proposes a fiber to the node with Wi-Fi last mile solution. Wi-Fi 802.11n provides higher throughput and quality of service compared to previous standards. This would allow delivering multiple HD/SD TV channels, video on demand, and other services to customers over a single connection.
How to use IPTV
Triple Play service is a marketing term for provisioning of two bandwidth-intensive services, high-speed Internet access and television, and a less bandwidth-demanding (but more latency-sensitive) telephone service, over a single broadband connection.
In this thesis, the effect of mobility of mobile WiMAX subscribers on video on demand (VOD) over WiMAX is analyzed by considering the scalable video coding (SVC) codes for video streaming. This experiment has been carried out using OPNET modeller 14.5. To compare the performance of Internet Protocol television (IPTV) over WiMAX, the packet delay variation, packet end to end delay, delay and load matrices are used. The result shows that after certain speed, the load increases, the delay again decreases and there is no change in the packet delay variation and packet end to end delay.
Key words: WiMAX, OPNET, scalable video coding (SVC), wireless networks, IEEE 802.16, internet protocol television (IPTV).
IPTV Basics
IPTV supports multicast and unicast transmission of TV content. Multicast transmits the same content to multiple receivers simultaneously, while unicast transmits different content to each receiver. Video and audio are encoded using codecs into a compressed transport stream. The Real-time Transport Protocol controls media servers by issuing commands and maintains state between clients and servers for unicast transmission. Quality of experience for IPTV relies on error-free delivery to avoid issues like pixelation.
Iptv
IPTV provides television services over IP networks. It has several key components, including video encoders, video servers, middleware, conditional access systems, and set-top boxes. Video is encoded and transmitted over the network in IP packets. IPTV allows for features like video on demand and a better quality of service than internet TV. While it provides benefits like interactivity and switched digital channels, IPTV also faces challenges like packet loss and limited support for high-definition content. It has applications for distance education, electronic government, and corporate training in addition to television and entertainment. IPTV is expected to grow as networks converge, but still needs widespread adoption in India.
ITV ( Interactive Television )
The document discusses the components and requirements of interactive television (ITV). ITV allows subscribers to access and interact with video programs on demand. Key components of an ITV system include set-top boxes at subscribers' homes, a broadband access network, video servers hosting content, and a service gateway. An effective ITV system demands high transmission speeds, quality of service guarantees, and point-to-point connections to enable on-demand video delivery and true video on demand services.
18ec743-Multimedia_Communications_UNIT_I.docx
The document discusses different types of multimedia including text, images, audio, and video. It describes how these different media types are represented digitally and transmitted over various network types such as telephone networks, data networks, broadcast television networks, integrated services digital networks, and broadband multimedia networks. It provides examples of applications that integrate different multimedia types such as teleconferencing, internet telephony, and image sharing over facsimile.
Iptv
This document discusses IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) which delivers television programming over private IP networks. Some key points:
- IPTV provides a substitute for traditional cable/satellite TV by delivering hundreds of channels via set-top boxes connected to televisions.
- Service providers choose IPTV as it allows delivering voice, high-speed data, and video over a single network platform.
- IPTV networks privately deliver continuous video streams simultaneously to many viewers. Set-top boxes receive streams and display them on televisions.
Internet Protocol Television - IPTV
IPTV is a system for delivering television and video content over IP networks. It allows users to access live or on-demand video content through set-top boxes or mobile devices connected to the internet. IPTV uses internet protocol and multicast technology to efficiently distribute video to multiple users simultaneously. This provides an interactive experience where users can select channels and on-demand content.
iptv-internettelevision-190124031714.pdf
IPTV is a system for delivering television and video content over IP networks. It allows users to access live or on-demand video content through set-top boxes or mobile devices connected to the internet. IPTV uses internet protocol and multicast technology to efficiently distribute video to multiple users simultaneously. This provides benefits like interactive programming, video on demand, and integration with other IP services like internet and voice.
Multi Bandwidth Data path design for 5G Wireless Systems
The document discusses the design of a multi-bandwidth data path for 5G wireless mobile systems. It provides an overview of the evolution of wireless mobile communications through the generations from 1G to 5G. It then describes the proposed multi-bandwidth data path model and architecture, which would allow data requests and replies to use different networks to improve efficiency. The performance of the proposed design is analyzed based on buffer requirements and simulation results. The design aims to make better use of network resources but future work is still needed to address issues like congestion relief.
An Experimental Architecture For Basic IPTV Concepts Implementation And Testing
This document describes an experimental IPTV system architecture implemented and tested at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. The architecture acquires audio-video content from different sources like DVB-S, CATV Headend, and video streaming servers. The content is distributed to clients over the IPTV network for testing throughput, quality of service, and audio-video quality. The experimental system uses a PC-based IPTV server to generate and stream content from sources like a satellite TV set-top box and cable TV headend to client PCs and a set-top box over Ethernet. Software called StreamingCenter controls the streaming process and content distribution.
Optimizing cloud resources for delivering iptv services through virtualization
Cloud computing allows users to access data and applications from any device through the internet. It provides Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS) and Software as a service (SaaS) through public, private or hybrid clouds. Internet Protocol television (IPTV) delivers video and audio over the internet to computers, televisions or mobile devices. The existing IPTV system has high server usage during instant channel changes but servers are idle at other times. A new system is proposed to dynamically shift resources between IPTV services using cloud computing and virtualization to better utilize servers.
Interactive Primary Distribution
Billions of people are watching valuable TV content and advertising on a daily basis.
Different distribution networks transport this content from the content owner to the
consumer. The consumer has the choice to receive a full set of TV channels from many
service providers, be it telco, cable, terrestrial or DTH operators.
Ch 02 (1)
ATM is a connection-oriented protocol that transmits all types of data over WANs by dividing it into fixed-size cells. It provides quality of service guarantees through connection setup and traffic management. ATM aims to offer an integrated service for transmitting data, voice, and video simultaneously over high-speed networks using small, fixed-size cells and virtual connections between end systems.
Ch 02 (1)
ATM is a connection-oriented protocol that transmits all types of data over WANs by dividing it into fixed-size cells. It provides quality of service guarantees through connection setup and traffic management. ATM aims to provide a single networking protocol that can efficiently transmit multimedia such as voice, video, and data through small, fixed-size cells and supporting connections with variable bandwidth. It saw initial popularity but failed to replace other protocols like IP due to high costs and complexity.
Mobile Services
Introduction to mobile services like mobile IPTV, mobile social networking, and location-based services
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN INDIAN RAILWAYS, OFC
An Optical Fiber
Optical Fiber used in Indian Railways
Methods of Jointing a Fiber Optic Cable
Mechanical Splicing
Fusion Splicing
Measurement And Testing Of Signals in an OFC
Indian Railway Telephone Exchange
Digital Multiplexing Hierarchies
PDH
SDH
4G
4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology providing high-speed data transmission, video calling, and internet access. It uses technologies like MIMO, IPv6, smart antennas, ad-hoc networks, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), and software defined radio (SDR) to provide peak data rates of 100 Mbps for high mobility services. Key advantages include higher bandwidth, seamless global roaming, and support for multimedia applications. Barriers include the need for new infrastructure and devices to support the 4G network.
Ip transformation by altanai
This document summarizes the evolution of telecommunications networks from 1G to 5G and the transition to an IP-based network using the IMS framework. It discusses the key technologies and standards used in each generation such as GSM, GPRS, EDGE, LTE. It also covers the evolution of the access, transport and session layers from circuit-switched to packet-switched networks. Finally, it proposes a three-phase approach to migrating an existing softswitch-based VoIP network to an IMS architecture by decomposing functions and introducing new IMS elements.
Driver.java import java.util.Scanner; import java.text.Decimal.pdf
The Driver class contains methods to print numeric sequences, calculate triangular numbers, print arrays, and find the range between minimum and maximum values in an array. The main method calls each method, printing outputs including the sequences 0-10, -10 to 0, the sum of triangular numbers to 10, an array of values, and the range of the array.
Question 1,2,4 ------------------------------------Please check.pdf
Question 1,2,4 :-
-----------------------------------
Please check comments in Programme
#include
/**
* Method for Linear Search
* Loop through given array and search for given key
* IF found return index and stop
* else -1 will be returned at the end
*
*/
int search(int array[],int key,int size){
int index = -1;
for (int c = 0; c < size; c++)
{
if (array[c] == key) /* if required element found */
{
printf(\"%d is present at location %d.\ \", key, c+1);
index = c;
break;
}
}
if(index == -1)
printf(\"%d is not found.\ \", key);
return index;
}
/**
* Function for Binary search
* Binary search is used only for sorted arrays
* Check key with element at middle position
* if key == then return middle positon
* if key > middle position , apply same for sub array range from [middle...last]
* if key < middle position , apply same for sub array range from [0..middle]
*
*/
int binary_search(int array[],int key,int start,int end){
int index = -1;
int first = start;
int last = end;
int middle = (first+last)/2;
while (first <= last) {
//Print array between first nad last for each step
printf(\"Start binary search step.\ \");
for(int i = first ; i < last ; i++){
printf(\"Binary search step element.%d\ \",array[i]);
}
printf(\"Stop binary search step.\ \");
if (array[middle] < key)
first = middle + 1;
else if (array[middle] == key) {
index = middle;
printf(\"%d found at location %d.\ \", key, middle+1);
break;
}
else
last = middle - 1;
middle = (first + last)/2;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Recursive linear search
* Instead of for loop call same method with next index
* first pass 0, check if key found at index 0, if not found call same method with index 1 .....
*/
int linear_search_recursive(int array[],int key,int size,int index){
if(array[index] == key){
printf(\"%d found at location %d.\ \",key, index);
return index;
}
else if (index >= size-1){
return -1;
}
else{
return linear_search_recursive(array,key,size,++index);
}
}
/**
* Recursive Binary Search
* Recursively call Binary Search , check key found at element middle
* if key == then return middle positon
* if key > middle position , call recursive method for sub array range from [middle...last]
* if key < middle position , call recursive method for sub array range from [0..middle]
*/
int binary_search_recursive(int array[],int key,int start,int end){
//Key not found
if(start> end){
return -1;
}
int index = -1;
int first = start;
int last = end;
int middle = (first+last)/2;
//Print array between first nad last for each step
printf(\"Start binary search step.\ \");
for(int i = first ; i < last ; i++){
printf(\"Binary search step element.%d\ \",array[i]);
}
printf(\"Stop binary search step.\ \");
if (array[middle] < key){
first = middle + 1;
return binary_search_recursive(array,key,first,last) ;
}else if (array[middle] == key) {
printf(\"%d found at location %d.\ \", key, middle+1);
return middle;
}
else{
last = middle - 1;
return binary_search_recursive(array,key,first,last) ;
}
return -1;
}
/**
*Function t.
More Related Content
Similar to 1.It is the process of directing the television assistances are tran.pdf
How to use IPTV
Triple Play service is a marketing term for provisioning of two bandwidth-intensive services, high-speed Internet access and television, and a less bandwidth-demanding (but more latency-sensitive) telephone service, over a single broadband connection.
In this thesis, the effect of mobility of mobile WiMAX subscribers on video on demand (VOD) over WiMAX is analyzed by considering the scalable video coding (SVC) codes for video streaming. This experiment has been carried out using OPNET modeller 14.5. To compare the performance of Internet Protocol television (IPTV) over WiMAX, the packet delay variation, packet end to end delay, delay and load matrices are used. The result shows that after certain speed, the load increases, the delay again decreases and there is no change in the packet delay variation and packet end to end delay.
Key words: WiMAX, OPNET, scalable video coding (SVC), wireless networks, IEEE 802.16, internet protocol television (IPTV).
IPTV Basics
IPTV supports multicast and unicast transmission of TV content. Multicast transmits the same content to multiple receivers simultaneously, while unicast transmits different content to each receiver. Video and audio are encoded using codecs into a compressed transport stream. The Real-time Transport Protocol controls media servers by issuing commands and maintains state between clients and servers for unicast transmission. Quality of experience for IPTV relies on error-free delivery to avoid issues like pixelation.
Iptv
IPTV provides television services over IP networks. It has several key components, including video encoders, video servers, middleware, conditional access systems, and set-top boxes. Video is encoded and transmitted over the network in IP packets. IPTV allows for features like video on demand and a better quality of service than internet TV. While it provides benefits like interactivity and switched digital channels, IPTV also faces challenges like packet loss and limited support for high-definition content. It has applications for distance education, electronic government, and corporate training in addition to television and entertainment. IPTV is expected to grow as networks converge, but still needs widespread adoption in India.
ITV ( Interactive Television )
The document discusses the components and requirements of interactive television (ITV). ITV allows subscribers to access and interact with video programs on demand. Key components of an ITV system include set-top boxes at subscribers' homes, a broadband access network, video servers hosting content, and a service gateway. An effective ITV system demands high transmission speeds, quality of service guarantees, and point-to-point connections to enable on-demand video delivery and true video on demand services.
18ec743-Multimedia_Communications_UNIT_I.docx
The document discusses different types of multimedia including text, images, audio, and video. It describes how these different media types are represented digitally and transmitted over various network types such as telephone networks, data networks, broadcast television networks, integrated services digital networks, and broadband multimedia networks. It provides examples of applications that integrate different multimedia types such as teleconferencing, internet telephony, and image sharing over facsimile.
Iptv
This document discusses IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) which delivers television programming over private IP networks. Some key points:
- IPTV provides a substitute for traditional cable/satellite TV by delivering hundreds of channels via set-top boxes connected to televisions.
- Service providers choose IPTV as it allows delivering voice, high-speed data, and video over a single network platform.
- IPTV networks privately deliver continuous video streams simultaneously to many viewers. Set-top boxes receive streams and display them on televisions.
Internet Protocol Television - IPTV
IPTV is a system for delivering television and video content over IP networks. It allows users to access live or on-demand video content through set-top boxes or mobile devices connected to the internet. IPTV uses internet protocol and multicast technology to efficiently distribute video to multiple users simultaneously. This provides an interactive experience where users can select channels and on-demand content.
iptv-internettelevision-190124031714.pdf
IPTV is a system for delivering television and video content over IP networks. It allows users to access live or on-demand video content through set-top boxes or mobile devices connected to the internet. IPTV uses internet protocol and multicast technology to efficiently distribute video to multiple users simultaneously. This provides benefits like interactive programming, video on demand, and integration with other IP services like internet and voice.
Multi Bandwidth Data path design for 5G Wireless Systems
The document discusses the design of a multi-bandwidth data path for 5G wireless mobile systems. It provides an overview of the evolution of wireless mobile communications through the generations from 1G to 5G. It then describes the proposed multi-bandwidth data path model and architecture, which would allow data requests and replies to use different networks to improve efficiency. The performance of the proposed design is analyzed based on buffer requirements and simulation results. The design aims to make better use of network resources but future work is still needed to address issues like congestion relief.
An Experimental Architecture For Basic IPTV Concepts Implementation And Testing
This document describes an experimental IPTV system architecture implemented and tested at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. The architecture acquires audio-video content from different sources like DVB-S, CATV Headend, and video streaming servers. The content is distributed to clients over the IPTV network for testing throughput, quality of service, and audio-video quality. The experimental system uses a PC-based IPTV server to generate and stream content from sources like a satellite TV set-top box and cable TV headend to client PCs and a set-top box over Ethernet. Software called StreamingCenter controls the streaming process and content distribution.
Optimizing cloud resources for delivering iptv services through virtualization
Cloud computing allows users to access data and applications from any device through the internet. It provides Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS) and Software as a service (SaaS) through public, private or hybrid clouds. Internet Protocol television (IPTV) delivers video and audio over the internet to computers, televisions or mobile devices. The existing IPTV system has high server usage during instant channel changes but servers are idle at other times. A new system is proposed to dynamically shift resources between IPTV services using cloud computing and virtualization to better utilize servers.
Interactive Primary Distribution
Billions of people are watching valuable TV content and advertising on a daily basis.
Different distribution networks transport this content from the content owner to the
consumer. The consumer has the choice to receive a full set of TV channels from many
service providers, be it telco, cable, terrestrial or DTH operators.
Ch 02 (1)
ATM is a connection-oriented protocol that transmits all types of data over WANs by dividing it into fixed-size cells. It provides quality of service guarantees through connection setup and traffic management. ATM aims to offer an integrated service for transmitting data, voice, and video simultaneously over high-speed networks using small, fixed-size cells and virtual connections between end systems.
Ch 02 (1)
ATM is a connection-oriented protocol that transmits all types of data over WANs by dividing it into fixed-size cells. It provides quality of service guarantees through connection setup and traffic management. ATM aims to provide a single networking protocol that can efficiently transmit multimedia such as voice, video, and data through small, fixed-size cells and supporting connections with variable bandwidth. It saw initial popularity but failed to replace other protocols like IP due to high costs and complexity.
Mobile Services
Introduction to mobile services like mobile IPTV, mobile social networking, and location-based services
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN INDIAN RAILWAYS, OFC
An Optical Fiber
Optical Fiber used in Indian Railways
Methods of Jointing a Fiber Optic Cable
Mechanical Splicing
Fusion Splicing
Measurement And Testing Of Signals in an OFC
Indian Railway Telephone Exchange
Digital Multiplexing Hierarchies
PDH
SDH
4G
4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology providing high-speed data transmission, video calling, and internet access. It uses technologies like MIMO, IPv6, smart antennas, ad-hoc networks, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), and software defined radio (SDR) to provide peak data rates of 100 Mbps for high mobility services. Key advantages include higher bandwidth, seamless global roaming, and support for multimedia applications. Barriers include the need for new infrastructure and devices to support the 4G network.
Ip transformation by altanai
This document summarizes the evolution of telecommunications networks from 1G to 5G and the transition to an IP-based network using the IMS framework. It discusses the key technologies and standards used in each generation such as GSM, GPRS, EDGE, LTE. It also covers the evolution of the access, transport and session layers from circuit-switched to packet-switched networks. Finally, it proposes a three-phase approach to migrating an existing softswitch-based VoIP network to an IMS architecture by decomposing functions and introducing new IMS elements.
Similar to 1.It is the process of directing the television assistances are tran.pdf (20)
Multi Bandwidth Data path design for 5G Wireless Systems
Multi Bandwidth Data path design for 5G Wireless Systems
An Experimental Architecture For Basic IPTV Concepts Implementation And Testing
An Experimental Architecture For Basic IPTV Concepts Implementation And Testing
Optimizing cloud resources for delivering iptv services through virtualization
Optimizing cloud resources for delivering iptv services through virtualization
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN INDIAN RAILWAYS, OFC
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN INDIAN RAILWAYS, OFC
More from anandhomeneeds
Driver.java import java.util.Scanner; import java.text.Decimal.pdf
The Driver class contains methods to print numeric sequences, calculate triangular numbers, print arrays, and find the range between minimum and maximum values in an array. The main method calls each method, printing outputs including the sequences 0-10, -10 to 0, the sum of triangular numbers to 10, an array of values, and the range of the array.
Question 1,2,4 ------------------------------------Please check.pdf
Question 1,2,4 :-
-----------------------------------
Please check comments in Programme
#include
/**
* Method for Linear Search
* Loop through given array and search for given key
* IF found return index and stop
* else -1 will be returned at the end
*
*/
int search(int array[],int key,int size){
int index = -1;
for (int c = 0; c < size; c++)
{
if (array[c] == key) /* if required element found */
{
printf(\"%d is present at location %d.\ \", key, c+1);
index = c;
break;
}
}
if(index == -1)
printf(\"%d is not found.\ \", key);
return index;
}
/**
* Function for Binary search
* Binary search is used only for sorted arrays
* Check key with element at middle position
* if key == then return middle positon
* if key > middle position , apply same for sub array range from [middle...last]
* if key < middle position , apply same for sub array range from [0..middle]
*
*/
int binary_search(int array[],int key,int start,int end){
int index = -1;
int first = start;
int last = end;
int middle = (first+last)/2;
while (first <= last) {
//Print array between first nad last for each step
printf(\"Start binary search step.\ \");
for(int i = first ; i < last ; i++){
printf(\"Binary search step element.%d\ \",array[i]);
}
printf(\"Stop binary search step.\ \");
if (array[middle] < key)
first = middle + 1;
else if (array[middle] == key) {
index = middle;
printf(\"%d found at location %d.\ \", key, middle+1);
break;
}
else
last = middle - 1;
middle = (first + last)/2;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Recursive linear search
* Instead of for loop call same method with next index
* first pass 0, check if key found at index 0, if not found call same method with index 1 .....
*/
int linear_search_recursive(int array[],int key,int size,int index){
if(array[index] == key){
printf(\"%d found at location %d.\ \",key, index);
return index;
}
else if (index >= size-1){
return -1;
}
else{
return linear_search_recursive(array,key,size,++index);
}
}
/**
* Recursive Binary Search
* Recursively call Binary Search , check key found at element middle
* if key == then return middle positon
* if key > middle position , call recursive method for sub array range from [middle...last]
* if key < middle position , call recursive method for sub array range from [0..middle]
*/
int binary_search_recursive(int array[],int key,int start,int end){
//Key not found
if(start> end){
return -1;
}
int index = -1;
int first = start;
int last = end;
int middle = (first+last)/2;
//Print array between first nad last for each step
printf(\"Start binary search step.\ \");
for(int i = first ; i < last ; i++){
printf(\"Binary search step element.%d\ \",array[i]);
}
printf(\"Stop binary search step.\ \");
if (array[middle] < key){
first = middle + 1;
return binary_search_recursive(array,key,first,last) ;
}else if (array[middle] == key) {
printf(\"%d found at location %d.\ \", key, middle+1);
return middle;
}
else{
last = middle - 1;
return binary_search_recursive(array,key,first,last) ;
}
return -1;
}
/**
*Function t.
The answer is C. securin.APC degrade securin to release separase .pdf
The answer is: C. securin.
APC degrade securin to release separase which degrades cohesin.
Solution
The answer is: C. securin.
APC degrade securin to release separase which degrades cohesin..
HiCan you please summarise the question. More information confuse .pdf
Hi
Can you please summarise the question. More information confuse to sole this question
Solution
Hi
Can you please summarise the question. More information confuse to sole this question.
What property of proteins us used to separate them in HICHydrophob.pdf
What property of proteins us used to separate them in HIC
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) isolates Proteins in light of their hydrophobicity,
and is regularly utilized as a middle stride as a part of a cleaning plan. Proteins are bound to a
stationary stage in a high ionic quality cushion and, along these lines, HIC can commonly be
performed instantly after particle trade chromatography with no cradle trade or weakening
required. HIC is likewise usually performed after an ammonium sulfate precipitation, a strategy
that can be utilized to rapidly expel proteins by accelerating a few, yet not all, proteins with salt.
HIC is infrequently material in early strides of a purging plan or as a last stride in the expulsion
of follow polluting influences from the protein of intrigue.
====================================================
Described mobile and stationary phase in HIC
Hydrophobic association chromatography (HIC) is an other option to turned around stage
chromatography for abusing the hydrophobic properties of proteins.
The expansion of a salt to the mobile stage support and test arrangement advances protein-
medium connections. The proteins are adsorbed to the medium in a mobile stage containing a
high grouping of salt. The vast majority of the bound proteins are viably desorbed by essentially
washing with water or a weaken, close impartial support. Since HIC utilizes a more polar, less
denaturing environment than RPLC, it is getting to be well known for protein filtration, regularly
in blend with particle trade or gel filtration chromatography.
Solution
What property of proteins us used to separate them in HIC
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) isolates Proteins in light of their hydrophobicity,
and is regularly utilized as a middle stride as a part of a cleaning plan. Proteins are bound to a
stationary stage in a high ionic quality cushion and, along these lines, HIC can commonly be
performed instantly after particle trade chromatography with no cradle trade or weakening
required. HIC is likewise usually performed after an ammonium sulfate precipitation, a strategy
that can be utilized to rapidly expel proteins by accelerating a few, yet not all, proteins with salt.
HIC is infrequently material in early strides of a purging plan or as a last stride in the expulsion
of follow polluting influences from the protein of intrigue.
====================================================
Described mobile and stationary phase in HIC
Hydrophobic association chromatography (HIC) is an other option to turned around stage
chromatography for abusing the hydrophobic properties of proteins.
The expansion of a salt to the mobile stage support and test arrangement advances protein-
medium connections. The proteins are adsorbed to the medium in a mobile stage containing a
high grouping of salt. The vast majority of the bound proteins are viably desorbed by essentially
washing with water or a weaken, close impartial support. Since HIC uti.
upload complete priblem somthing is missingSolutionupload comp.pdf
The document discusses an upload issue where the process completed but something was missing. No other details are provided about the upload, missing content, or possible solutions. The document repeats the same short statement twice without providing any useful information to understand or resolve the issue.
the phenomena responsible for this type of inheritancce is Epistasis.pdf
the phenomena responsible for this type of inheritancce is Epistasis. in this particular example
two recessive allele at one locus has the ability to affect the allele of other locus.say for example,
lets take first locus to be C and other to be P.
later on it was discovered that it is linked to the biochemistry of the pea plant.
Solution
the phenomena responsible for this type of inheritancce is Epistasis. in this particular example
two recessive allele at one locus has the ability to affect the allele of other locus.say for example,
lets take first locus to be C and other to be P.
later on it was discovered that it is linked to the biochemistry of the pea plant..
The substrate in urease test is urea.The end products in urease te.pdf
The substrate in urease test is urea.
The end products in urease test are urea, carbondioxide and water
(NH2)2 CO+2H2O CO2+ H2O + 2NH3
Urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to hydrolyse urea into ammonia and
carbon dioxide. The ammonia formed during the reaction turns the media into alkaline, which is
indicated by phenol red, changing its color from light orange (at pH 6.8) to pink (at pH 8.1).
Rapid urease positive organisms like Helicobacter pylori, turns the medium pink within 24
hours. Weakly positive organisms take several days, whereas negative organisms produce no
colour.
Rapid Urease Test (RUT) is a popular and simple test which uses the above principle , for
detecting the presence of Helicobacter pylori on gastric mucosa. The test is also known as CLO
test (Campylobacter like organism test). It is also useful in identifying several genera and species
of Enterobacteriaceae like Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp and Yersinia spp. Also for identifying
Cryptococcus spp and Brucella spp.
Solution
The substrate in urease test is urea.
The end products in urease test are urea, carbondioxide and water
(NH2)2 CO+2H2O CO2+ H2O + 2NH3
Urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to hydrolyse urea into ammonia and
carbon dioxide. The ammonia formed during the reaction turns the media into alkaline, which is
indicated by phenol red, changing its color from light orange (at pH 6.8) to pink (at pH 8.1).
Rapid urease positive organisms like Helicobacter pylori, turns the medium pink within 24
hours. Weakly positive organisms take several days, whereas negative organisms produce no
colour.
Rapid Urease Test (RUT) is a popular and simple test which uses the above principle , for
detecting the presence of Helicobacter pylori on gastric mucosa. The test is also known as CLO
test (Campylobacter like organism test). It is also useful in identifying several genera and species
of Enterobacteriaceae like Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp and Yersinia spp. Also for identifying
Cryptococcus spp and Brucella spp..
later we create a specialstack class ,which inherits from stack cl.pdf
//later we create a specialstack class ,which inherits from stack class.there we return the smallest
integer
//implementation
#include
#include
using namespace std;
/* A simple stack class named IntStack with push and pop operations */
class IntStack
{
private:
static const int max = 100;
int arr[max];
int top;
public:
//constructor for initialising value of top
IntStack()
{
top = -1;
}
void push(int x);
int pop();
bool isEmpty();
bool isFull();
};
/* Stack\'s member method to check if the stack is iempty */
bool IntStack::isEmpty()
{
if(top == -1)
return true;
return false;
}
/* Stack\'s member method to check if the stack is full */
bool IntStack::isFull()
{
if(top == max - 1)
return true;
return false;
}
/* Stack\'s member method push() to insert an element */
void IntStack::push(int x)
{
if(isFull())
{
cout<<\"Stack Overflow\";
}
top++;
arr[top] = x;
}
/* Stack\'s member method pop() to remove an element from it */
int IntStack::pop()
{
if(isEmpty())
{
cout<<\"Stack Underflow\";
abort();
}
int x = arr[top];
top--;
return x;
}
/* A class that supports all the stack operations and one additional operation getMIN() that
returns the minimum element from stack at any time. This class inherits from the stack class and
uses an auxiliarry stack that holds minimum elements */
class SpecialStack: public IntStack
{
IntStack min;
public:
//function declarations
void push(int x);
int pop();
int getMIN();
};
/* SpecialStack\'s member method to insert an element to it. This method
makes sure that the min stack is also updated with appropriate minimum
values */
void SpecialStack::push(int x)
{
if(isEmpty()==true)
{
IntStack::push(x);
min.push(x);
}
else
{
IntStack::push(x);
int y = min.pop();
min.push(y);
/* push only when the incoming element of main stack is smaller
than or equal to top of auxiliary stack */
if( x <= y )
min.push(x);
}
}
/* SpecialStack\'s member method to remove an element from it. This method
removes top element from min stack also. */
int SpecialStack::pop()
{
int x = IntStack::pop();
int y = min.pop();
/* Push the popped element y back only if it is not equal to x */
if ( y != x )
min.push(y);
return x;
}
/* SpecialStack\'s member method to get minimum element from it. */
int SpecialStack::getMIN()
{
int x = min.pop();
min.push(x);
return x;
}
/* main program to test SpecialStack methods */
//execution starts here
int main()
{
SpecialStack s;
//push 3 elements and get the minimum
s.push(15);
s.push(25);
s.push(33);
cout<
#include
using namespace std;
/* A simple stack class named IntStack with push and pop operations */
class IntStack
{
private:
static const int max = 100;
int arr[max];
int top;
public:
//constructor for initialising value of top
IntStack()
{
top = -1;
}
void push(int x);
int pop();
bool isEmpty();
bool isFull();
};
/* Stack\'s member method to check if the stack is iempty */
bool IntStack::isEmpty()
{
if(top == -1)
return true;
return false;
}
/* Stack\'s member method to check if the stack is full */
bool IntStac.
I think that 34SolutionI think that 34.pdf
This very short document does not provide enough context or information to generate a meaningful 3 sentence summary. It contains a statement about the number 34 but does not elaborate on the topic or point being discussed.
D(ANSWER)Polycrystalline or multicrystalline materials, or polycry.pdf
D(ANSWER)
Polycrystalline or multicrystalline materials, or polycrystals are solids that are composed of
many crystallites of varying size and orientation. Crystallites are also referred to as grains. They
are small or even microscopic crystals and form during the cooling of many materials. Their
orientation can be random with no preferred direction, called random texture, or directed,
possibly due to growth and processing conditions. Fiber texture is an example of the latter. The
areas where crystallite grains meet are known as grain boundaries.
Grain boundaries are interfaces where crystals of different orientations meet. A grain boundary is
a single-phase interface, with crystals on each side of the boundary being identical except in
orientation. The term \"crystallite boundary\" is sometimes, though rarely, used. Grain boundary
areas contain those atoms that have been perturbed from their original lattice sites, dislocations,
and impurities that have migrated to the lower energy grain boundary.
Treating a grain boundary geometrically as an interface of a single crystal cut into two parts, one
of which is rotated, we see that there are five variables required to define a grain boundary. The
first two numbers come from the unit vector that specifies a rotation axis. The third number
designates the angle of rotation of the grain. The final two numbers specify the plane of the grain
boundary (or a unit vector that is normal to this plane).
Grain boundaries disrupt the motion of dislocations through a material. Dislocation propagation
is impeded because of the stress field of the grain boundary defect region and the lack of slip
planes and slip directions and overall alignment across the boundaries. Reducing grain size is
therefore a common way to improve strength, often without any sacrifice in toughness because
the smaller grains create more obstacles per unit area of slip plane. This crystallite size-strength
relationship is given by the Hall-Petch relationship. The high interfacial energy and relatively
weak bonding in grain boundaries makes them preferred sites for the onset of corrosion and for
the precipitation of new phases from the solid.
Grain boundary migration plays an important role in many of the mechanisms of creep. Grain
boundary migration occurs when a shear stress acts on the grain boundary plane and causes the
grains to slide. This means that fine-grained materials actually have a poor resistance to creep
relative to coarser grains, especially at high temperatures, because smaller grains contain more
atoms in grain boundary sites. Grain boundaries also cause deformation in that they are sources
and sinks of point defects. Voids in a material tend to gather in a grain boundary, and if this
happens to a critical extent, the material could fracture.
During grain boundary migration, the rate determining step depends on the angle between two
adjacent grains. In a small angle dislocation boundary, the migration rate depends on vac.
Answer The major objective of implementing a health information man.pdf
Answer: The major objective of implementing a health information management system is to
automate and streamline the process of capturing, processing, maintaining/storing, and analysing
the information related to health and health case. This information is just not related to one thing,
but covers many aspects and involves many stakeholders. It is related to patient\'s profile
(personal as well as medical), treatment prescribed to him/her, doctor\'s and health officials\'
profile, other relevant health records like details and results of various tests (if performed),
accounting, health related human resources among many other things.
Out of these, the most important part is - information related to patient\'s profile, treatment
prescribed, and other relevant health records. Collectively, this is termed as Electronic Health
Records (EHRs) which lies at the core of any HIMS. The nature and kind of information that is
present in EHRs is very personal and sensitive. Hence, ensuring security, privacy and
confidentiality of EHRs in HMIS should be utmost concern because if this information is
breached or comromised, its after-effects can be desasterous.
Hence, while implementing any HMIS, it is very critical to think of required and relevant
security and data protection mechanisms and make provisions for them into the system.
Solution
Answer: The major objective of implementing a health information management system is to
automate and streamline the process of capturing, processing, maintaining/storing, and analysing
the information related to health and health case. This information is just not related to one thing,
but covers many aspects and involves many stakeholders. It is related to patient\'s profile
(personal as well as medical), treatment prescribed to him/her, doctor\'s and health officials\'
profile, other relevant health records like details and results of various tests (if performed),
accounting, health related human resources among many other things.
Out of these, the most important part is - information related to patient\'s profile, treatment
prescribed, and other relevant health records. Collectively, this is termed as Electronic Health
Records (EHRs) which lies at the core of any HIMS. The nature and kind of information that is
present in EHRs is very personal and sensitive. Hence, ensuring security, privacy and
confidentiality of EHRs in HMIS should be utmost concern because if this information is
breached or comromised, its after-effects can be desasterous.
Hence, while implementing any HMIS, it is very critical to think of required and relevant
security and data protection mechanisms and make provisions for them into the system..
The key assumptions made by the Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS).pdf
The key assumptions made by the Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS) approach are:
1. High Volume: The volume of data in HDFS is expected to be really large, some like being
measured in terabytes or even petabytes.
2. High Availability: The cluster can contain thousands of file servers, and some of them may be
down(unavailable) at some given instance.
3. Reliable Communication: Communication is reliable among working machines.
4. The filesystem is not designed for interactive operations, instead, we prefer high throughput
over low latency.
5. Servers are distributed among racks and data centers, to ensure redundancy, and therefore
availability.
Solution
The key assumptions made by the Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS) approach are:
1. High Volume: The volume of data in HDFS is expected to be really large, some like being
measured in terabytes or even petabytes.
2. High Availability: The cluster can contain thousands of file servers, and some of them may be
down(unavailable) at some given instance.
3. Reliable Communication: Communication is reliable among working machines.
4. The filesystem is not designed for interactive operations, instead, we prefer high throughput
over low latency.
5. Servers are distributed among racks and data centers, to ensure redundancy, and therefore
availability..
Properties areMeanModeMedianQuartilesPercentilesRan.pdf
Properties are:
Mean
Mode
Median
Quartiles
Percentiles
Range
Mean = Sum of values / n
Standard Variation = Sqrt( variance )
Variance = Sum ( X - Mean )^2 / n
Median = Middle Most Observation
Mode = Most Repeated Observation
Range = Maximum - Minimum
Solution
Properties are:
Mean
Mode
Median
Quartiles
Percentiles
Range
Mean = Sum of values / n
Standard Variation = Sqrt( variance )
Variance = Sum ( X - Mean )^2 / n
Median = Middle Most Observation
Mode = Most Repeated Observation
Range = Maximum - Minimum.
MgCO3 Increasing acidity will cause the following reaction Mg.pdf
MgCO3:
Increasing acidity will cause the following reaction:
MgCO3(s) + 2H+ ==> Mg(2+) + H2O + CO2(g)
and thus the solubility will increase.
AgI:
Increasing acidity will NOT affect the solubility.
CuS:
Increasing acidity will cause the following reaction:
CuS(s) + 2H+ ==> Cu(2+) + H2S(g)
and thus the solubility will increase.
PbBr2:
Increasing acidity will NOT affect the solubility.
Ba(OH)2
The solubility of Ba(OH)2 in water is only 5.6 g/100 g. By acidifying the solution, the following
reaction take place:
H+ + OH- ==> H2O
and thus [OH-] would drop, and thus Ba(OH)2 solubility would be increased.
Solution
MgCO3:
Increasing acidity will cause the following reaction:
MgCO3(s) + 2H+ ==> Mg(2+) + H2O + CO2(g)
and thus the solubility will increase.
AgI:
Increasing acidity will NOT affect the solubility.
CuS:
Increasing acidity will cause the following reaction:
CuS(s) + 2H+ ==> Cu(2+) + H2S(g)
and thus the solubility will increase.
PbBr2:
Increasing acidity will NOT affect the solubility.
Ba(OH)2
The solubility of Ba(OH)2 in water is only 5.6 g/100 g. By acidifying the solution, the following
reaction take place:
H+ + OH- ==> H2O
and thus [OH-] would drop, and thus Ba(OH)2 solubility would be increased..
Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function an.pdf
Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function and distribution of plants, in
combination with other factors. Changes in long term environmental conditions that can be
collectively coined climate change are known to have had enormous impacts on plant diversity
patterns in the future and are seen as having significant current impacts. It is predicted that
climate change will remain one of the major drivers of biodiversity patterns in the future.
The Earth has experienced a constantly changing climate in the time since plants first evolved. In
comparison to the present day, this history has seen Earth as cooler, warmer, drier and wetter,
and CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentrations have been both higher and lower. These changes have
been reflected by constantly shifting vegetation, for example forest communities dominating
most areas in interglacial periods, and herbaceous communities dominating during glacial
periods. It has been shown that past climatic change has been a major driver of the processes of
speciation and extinction. The best known example of this is the Carboniferous Rainforest
Collapse which occurred 350 million years ago. This event decimated amphibian populations
and spurred on the evolution of reptiles
Greenhouse effect - the mechanism
The sun radiates solar energy on earth. The larger part of this energy (45%) is radiated back into
space. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere contribute to global warming by adsorption and
reflection of atmospheric and solar energy. This natural phenomenon is what we call the
greenhouse effect. It is agreed that the greenhouse effect is correlated with global temperature
change. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapor, carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone
Mechanism of global warming:
i. The incoming radiation from the Sun is mostly in the form of visible light and nearby
wavelengths, largely in the range 0.2 – 4 1m, corresponding to the Sun’s radioactive temperature
of 6,000 K. Almost half the radiation is in the form of “visible” light, which our eyes are adapted
to use.
ii. About 50% of the Sun’s energy is absorbed at the earth’s surface and the rest is reflected or
absorbed by the atmosphere. The reflection of light back into space – largely by clouds – does
not much affect the basic mechanism; this light, effectively, is lost to the system.
iii (a) Earth absorbs most of the sunlight it receives; The absorbed energy warms the surface; (b)
Earth then emits the absorbed light’s energy as infrared light; (c) greenhouse gases absorb a lot
of the infrared light before it can leave our atmosphere; (d) being absorbed slows the rate at
which energy escapes to space; and (e) the slower passage of energy heats up the atmosphere,
water, and ground. By increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, humans are
increasing the atmosphere’s absorption of infrared light, thereby warming Earth and disrupting
global climate patterns.
Effec.
1. Autralopith is a known genus of hominids which is extinct today..pdf
1. Autralopith is a known genus of hominids which is extinct today.
This can be A. biosei species. This genus dates back to 2.3-1.2 million years. Teeth and bones
examination is the major way to know what exactly is the age of the skeleton.
The proof of them being bipedal is that their foot imprints match to that of the present day
humans. Pelvis, femur and foot bones should be examined to confirm that the organism used to
walk bipedally.
Long arms and sloping fave are the ape like characters.
It was an adult. This can be known by examining the layers deposited on the body which may
come from volcanic eruption. Topmost layer and lowermost layers can be examined.
Solution
1. Autralopith is a known genus of hominids which is extinct today.
This can be A. biosei species. This genus dates back to 2.3-1.2 million years. Teeth and bones
examination is the major way to know what exactly is the age of the skeleton.
The proof of them being bipedal is that their foot imprints match to that of the present day
humans. Pelvis, femur and foot bones should be examined to confirm that the organism used to
walk bipedally.
Long arms and sloping fave are the ape like characters.
It was an adult. This can be known by examining the layers deposited on the body which may
come from volcanic eruption. Topmost layer and lowermost layers can be examined..
Mobile IP1) Mobile IP(MIP) is an Internet Engineering Task Force(.pdf
Mobile IP:
1) Mobile IP(MIP) is an Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) standard communications
protocol.
2) This is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while
maintaining a permanent IP address.
3) Mobile IP for IPv4 is described in IETF RFC 5944 and extensions are defined in IETF RFC
4721.
4) Mobile IPv6 the IP mobility implementation for the next generation of the Internet Protocol
IPv6 is described in RFC 6275.
Advantages of using Mobile IP
• It allows fast, continuous lowcost access to corporate networks in remote areas where there
is no public telephone system or cellular coverage.
• It supports a wide range of applications from Internet access and email to ecommerce.
• Users can be permanently connected to their Internet provider and charged only for the data
packets that are sent and received.
• Lower equipment and utilization costs for those requiring reliable highspeed data connections
in remote locations worldwide.
• A user can take a palmtop or laptop computer anywhere without losing the connection to the
home network.
• Mobile IP finds local IP routers and connects automatically. It is phonejack and wirefree.
• Other than mobile nodes/routers, the remaining routers and hosts will still use current IP.
Mobile IP leaves transport and higher protocols
unaffected.
• Authentication is performed to ensure that rights are being protected.
• Mobile IP can move from one type of medium to another without losing connectivity. It is
unique in its ability to accommodate heterogeneous
mobility in addition to homogenous mobility.
Disadvantage of Mobile IP
• There is a routing inefficiency problem caused by the “triangle routing” formed by the home
agent, correspondent host and the foreign agent.
• Security risks are the most important problem facing Mobile IP. Besides the traditional security
risks with
IP, one has to worry about faked careof addresses.
• Another issue related to the security is how to make Mobile IP coexist with the security
features coming in
use within the Internet.
Characteristics of Mobile IP (Baseline Requirements)
• Compatibility: A new standard cannot require changes for applications or network protocols
already in use.
• Transparency: Mobility should remain “invisible” for many higher layer protocols and
applications.
• Scalability and efficiency: Introducing a new mechanism into the Internet must not degrade the
efficiency of the network.
• Security: All messages used to transmit information to another node about the location of a
mobile node must be authenticated to protect against remote redirection attacks
The Mobile IP in Wireless Networks
• new proposed standard of the IETF designed to support mobile users .
• new Internet standard for the Web and private networks.
• currently two standards one to support the current IPv4 one for the upcoming IPv6.
• One of the big requirements on the new standard is that it should support both ordinary and
wireless network
• The big issue is.
Answer1. Cells can generate many different tissue types endoderm,.pdf
Answer
1. Cells can generate many different tissue types: endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm
2. Cells can generate any type of mesoderm tissue.
3. Cells can generate any type of muscle.
4. cells can generate heart muscle.
Solution
Answer
1. Cells can generate many different tissue types: endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm
2. Cells can generate any type of mesoderm tissue.
3. Cells can generate any type of muscle.
4. cells can generate heart muscle..
3 a) The trace of an nSolution3 a) The trace of an n.pdf
The document discusses the trace of a matrix. The trace of an n x n matrix is defined as the sum of its diagonal entries. To find the trace, we add the entries along the main diagonal of the matrix from top left to bottom right. The trace provides some useful information about the matrix.
More from anandhomeneeds (20)
Driver.java import java.util.Scanner; import java.text.Decimal.pdf
Driver.java import java.util.Scanner; import java.text.Decimal.pdf
Question 1,2,4 ------------------------------------Please check.pdf
Question 1,2,4 ------------------------------------Please check.pdf
The answer is C. securin.APC degrade securin to release separase .pdf
The answer is C. securin.APC degrade securin to release separase .pdf
HiCan you please summarise the question. More information confuse .pdf
HiCan you please summarise the question. More information confuse .pdf
What property of proteins us used to separate them in HICHydrophob.pdf
What property of proteins us used to separate them in HICHydrophob.pdf
upload complete priblem somthing is missingSolutionupload comp.pdf
upload complete priblem somthing is missingSolutionupload comp.pdf
the phenomena responsible for this type of inheritancce is Epistasis.pdf
the phenomena responsible for this type of inheritancce is Epistasis.pdf
The substrate in urease test is urea.The end products in urease te.pdf
The substrate in urease test is urea.The end products in urease te.pdf
later we create a specialstack class ,which inherits from stack cl.pdf
later we create a specialstack class ,which inherits from stack cl.pdf
D(ANSWER)Polycrystalline or multicrystalline materials, or polycry.pdf
D(ANSWER)Polycrystalline or multicrystalline materials, or polycry.pdf
Answer The major objective of implementing a health information man.pdf
Answer The major objective of implementing a health information man.pdf
The key assumptions made by the Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS).pdf
The key assumptions made by the Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS).pdf
Properties areMeanModeMedianQuartilesPercentilesRan.pdf
Properties areMeanModeMedianQuartilesPercentilesRan.pdf
MgCO3 Increasing acidity will cause the following reaction Mg.pdf
MgCO3 Increasing acidity will cause the following reaction Mg.pdf
Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function an.pdf
Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function an.pdf
1. Autralopith is a known genus of hominids which is extinct today..pdf
1. Autralopith is a known genus of hominids which is extinct today..pdf
Mobile IP1) Mobile IP(MIP) is an Internet Engineering Task Force(.pdf
Mobile IP1) Mobile IP(MIP) is an Internet Engineering Task Force(.pdf
Answer1. Cells can generate many different tissue types endoderm,.pdf
Answer1. Cells can generate many different tissue types endoderm,.pdf
3 a) The trace of an nSolution3 a) The trace of an n.pdf
3 a) The trace of an nSolution3 a) The trace of an n.pdf
Recently uploaded
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcHow to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdLAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Recently uploaded (20)
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
1.It is the process of directing the television assistances are tran.pdf
- 1. 1.It is the process of directing the television assistances are transported with the help of intrenet protocol insdicating a packed switched network like local area network. 2.This iptv provides a power to bourn the media in tiny batches.moreover it provides a com-pell alternative as a commanding method to appart the content whe help of digital rights management. 3.Selecting a iptv lattice is depending upon the multiples containing service portfilo and network investment . 4.super head end : It is brain of iptv system.this is the place where broadcasting channels are received and transmited through the sources like fibre feeds,satelites.the video demand storage content is present at this stage. 5.Coustmer premise equipement:It is joined with home wiring to produce the home network.it contains a residential gate which is used to handle the control request from set top box.originally the cost of home wiring is costly,service providers extremely prefers to rewire the homes at the time of begining installation. 6.Core network: It is the middle part of a communication system offering a interconnection shift between the boarder networks.it is utilized to offer a soloitary connection. 7.headend end :It is a slice of television system.modulators demodulators processors and antennna....etc apparatus are used at this headend. protocols: 1.This iptv layers on multicast ans unicast.the protocols that are utilized in iptv are as below. 1.service based provider streaming 2.web based unicast only live and vod 3.web based multicast live and unicast vod streaming 4.joined tv's set top boxes Devices The devices utilized in internet protocol telivision are as below 1.android 2.mobiles 3.smart tvs 4.spark 5.royal 6.sun price ................etc Features specific to television services 1.Time shifting :A combo of iptv and digital video recorder allows the time shifting of scheduling theme.
- 2. 2.Personalization:End-to-end iptv methodology braces the bidirectional communicationa and permits the end users to indidualize their tv watching atitude by permiting the users to mark as per their mood and what they want to see. 3.bandwidth requirements:This iptv system supports as per the channel requested by user.hence the iptv system allows the cable operators in order to preserve the bandwidth. 4.Support to interact tv:This iptv system offers two -way proficiency to perit the network operators to carry a complete output interactive of tv applications like games,internet browsing. Solution 1.It is the process of directing the television assistances are transported with the help of intrenet protocol insdicating a packed switched network like local area network. 2.This iptv provides a power to bourn the media in tiny batches.moreover it provides a com-pell alternative as a commanding method to appart the content whe help of digital rights management. 3.Selecting a iptv lattice is depending upon the multiples containing service portfilo and network investment . 4.super head end : It is brain of iptv system.this is the place where broadcasting channels are received and transmited through the sources like fibre feeds,satelites.the video demand storage content is present at this stage. 5.Coustmer premise equipement:It is joined with home wiring to produce the home network.it contains a residential gate which is used to handle the control request from set top box.originally the cost of home wiring is costly,service providers extremely prefers to rewire the homes at the time of begining installation. 6.Core network: It is the middle part of a communication system offering a interconnection shift between the boarder networks.it is utilized to offer a soloitary connection. 7.headend end :It is a slice of television system.modulators demodulators processors and antennna....etc apparatus are used at this headend. protocols: 1.This iptv layers on multicast ans unicast.the protocols that are utilized in iptv are as below. 1.service based provider streaming 2.web based unicast only live and vod 3.web based multicast live and unicast vod streaming 4.joined tv's set top boxes Devices The devices utilized in internet protocol telivision are as below
- 3. 1.android 2.mobiles 3.smart tvs 4.spark 5.royal 6.sun price ................etc Features specific to television services 1.Time shifting :A combo of iptv and digital video recorder allows the time shifting of scheduling theme. 2.Personalization:End-to-end iptv methodology braces the bidirectional communicationa and permits the end users to indidualize their tv watching atitude by permiting the users to mark as per their mood and what they want to see. 3.bandwidth requirements:This iptv system supports as per the channel requested by user.hence the iptv system allows the cable operators in order to preserve the bandwidth. 4.Support to interact tv:This iptv system offers two -way proficiency to perit the network operators to carry a complete output interactive of tv applications like games,internet browsing.