The document discusses the architecture of WiMAX networks, including: - The generic mobile WiMAX architectural model includes an access network, core network, and application service providers with flexible relationships between network operators. - There are three defined ASN profiles - Profile A with separate BS and ASN-GW, Profile B with combined BS and ASN-GW, and Profile C similar to Profile A but with RRM functions in the BS. - Key network features discussed include AAA and roaming frameworks, QoS framework, and mobility framework based on mobile IP or proxy mobile IP. - Interworking with 3G networks is also described, including common billing scenarios and using a WiMAX CSN I

1. WiMax Solutions
Division
WiMAX Network Architecture
Kuo-Hui Li, PhD
WiMAX Solutions Division
Intel Mobility Group
June 05, 2006

2. Slide2 WiMax Solutions
Division
Internet
Radio Access
Control/Mngmt.
WiMAX
Access Network
Radio Access
Data Plane
NSP
Core
PSTN
ASP
Network Access
Provider (NAP)
Network Service
Provider (NSP)
M:N NAP – NSP
relationship enabling
wholesale/unbundled
access
Generic Mobile WiMAX Architectural Model
ASP – Application Service Provider
Flexible Network Operator Relationships
• Supports infrastructure access unbundling
from IP connectivity services
• Supports Multiple Virtual Network Operator concept

3. Slide3 WiMax Solutions
Division
Key Architecture Features
• All IP radio access and core transport network
Based on IEEE* 802.16/e and IETF protocols
• Support for all usage models (fixed to fully
mobile)
• Access to incumbent core networks via
interworking functions
• Open interfaces both within the RAN, and
between the RAN and the core network
• Support for voice, data and multimedia services
with appropriate QoS

4. Slide4 WiMax Solutions
Division
Network Reference Model (NRM)
BS
BS
Mobile
Subscriber
Station
ASN
ASN
GW
(FA)R6 CSN
NSP
R1
R3
Another
ASN
R4
R2
Another
Operator’s
CSN
R5
Roaming
R6
HA AAA
NAP
ASN – Access Services Network NAP – Network Access Provider
CSN – Core Services Network NSP – Network Service Provider
BS – Base Station HA – Home Agent
FA – Foreign Agent AAA – Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting

5. Slide5 WiMax Solutions
Division
Key Network Features
• AAA with CSN for homers and roamers
IEEE 802.16 security framework extended to cover mobility scenarios
RADIUS for AAA, evolving to DIAMETER
• QoS
Based on subscription
Policy enforcement
• Mobility management
Mobility management is tiered
Intra-ASN
Inter-ASN
Inter-CSN when V-CSN supports the HA for mobile IP
• Wimax/3G Interworking
• Charging
Common Billing with CSN but different CDR (Call Detail Record)
collectors
Common Billing with common CDR collector
• Protocols
Support for both IPv4 and IPv6

6. Slide6 WiMax Solutions
Division
Network Nodes
BS
Internet
Short
Distance
(e.g., Coax,
Fiber transport
of RF is under
consideration)
Backhaul
(L2/L3 Tunnel)
ASN-GW/FA
Network internal
(e.g., L2/L3 Tunnel)
ASN Core
Physically
connected
to antenna
At the Local
Switching
Center
WiMAX Air
Interface
MSS
Home
Agent (HA)
AAA

7. Slide7 WiMax Solutions
Division
ASN Profiles
• Multiple ASN Profiles have been specified in WiMAX as a tool to
manage diversity in ASN node usage and implementation
Vendors (esp. BS) very concerned that they will be forced to implement every
protocol option in the specification
We cannot preclude any topological variant from serving any usage or
deployment/Interworking scenario
• Release 1 of NWG Specifications on WiMAX supports 3 ASN
Profiles:
Profile A:
Centralized ASN Model with BS and ASN GW in separate platforms through R6
interface
Split RRM: RRA in BS and RRC in ASN-GW
Open interfaces for Profile A: R1, R6, R4, and R3
Profile B:
Distributed ASN solution with the BS and ASN GW functionalities implemented in a
single platform
Open interfaces Profile B: R4 and R3
Profile C: Similar to Profile A, except for RRM being non-split and located in BS.

8. Slide8 WiMax Solutions
Division
ASN Profile A
NSP
Air
Interface
MS
BS
BS
R1
R4
R2
R3
ASN
Profile A
R4
R3
Internet
R6
ASN GW (FA)
ASP
R6
ASN GW (FA)
BS ASN-GW
•HO
•Data Path 1 & 2
•Authentication Relay
•Paging Agent
•Key Receiver
•Context
•RRA
•SF Management
•HO
•Data Path 1 & 2
•Authenticator
•Key Distributor
•Context
•RRC
•SF Authorization
•DHCP Proxy/Relay
•MIP FA
•Location Register
•PMIP Client
•AAA Client
•Paging Controller
Separate BS and ASN-GW, Split RRM

9. Slide9 WiMax Solutions
Division
ASN Profile B
Air
Interface
MS
BS+ASN GW
(FA)
BS+ASN GW
(FA)
R1
R4
R2
ASN
Profile B
BS + ASN-GW
•HO
•Data Path 1 & 2
•Authenticator
•Key Receiver + Distrib.
•Context
•SFA + SFM
•RRA + RRC
•DHCP Proxy/Relay
•MIP FA
•Location Register
•PMIP Client/Assistant
•AAA Client
R4
R3
NSP
R3
Internet
Combined BS, ASN-GW

10. Slide10 WiMax Solutions
Division
ASN Profile C
NSP
Air
Interface
MS
BS
BS
R1
R4
R2
R3
ASN
Profile C
R4
R3
Internet
R6
ASN GW (FA)
ASP
R6
ASN GW (FA)
BS ASN-GW
•HO
•Data Path 1 & 2
•Authentication Relay
•Paging Agent
•Key Receiver
•Context
•RRA + RRC
•SF Management
•HO
•Data Path 1 & 2
•Authenticator
•Key Distributor
•Context
•SF Authorization
•DHCP Proxy/Relay
•MIP FA
•Location Register
•PMIP Client
•AAA Client
•Paging Controller
Separate BS and ASN-GW, RRM in BS

11. Slide11 WiMax Solutions
Division
ASN Profiles Comparisons
•Distributed platform
•Separate BS and ASN-
GW
•RRM at BS
•Distributed platform
•Combined BS and ASN-
GW
•Centralized platform
•Separate BS and ASN-
GW
•Split RRM: RRA at BS
and RRC at ASN-GW
Descriptions
•Extra backhauls for
RRM messages
•Able to provide simplified
pico-cell
•Able to get BS and ASN-
GW from different vendors
Profile C
•Difficult to customize IP
and wireless functions
for operators
•Expensive for large-
scale deployment
•Simple architecture
•Suitable for small-scale
deployment
Profile B
•Difficult Interoperability
between BS and ASN-
GW from different
vendors
•Heavy workload at
ASN-GW
•Fewer vendors
•Able to provide simplified
pico-cell
•Able to provide soft
handover
•Fewer backhauls for RRM
messages
Profile A
ConProASN
Profile

12. Slide12 WiMax Solutions
Division
AAA and Roaming Framework
• Non-Roaming Case
MS AAA Client
AAA Proxy
R1
BS
ASN-GW
ASN
R6
H-CSN
R3
AAA Server
MS AAA Client
AAA Proxy
R1
BS
ASN-GW
ASN
R6
V-CSN
R3
AAA Proxy/
Server
H-CSN
AAA Proxy/
Server
R5
• Roaming Case

13. Slide13 WiMax Solutions
Division
QoS Framework
•End-to-End QoS model
SS
Admission
Control
BS
LPF
Local Policy
Data
ASN
PF
Subscriber
Data
Home NSP
Via R3 & R5
R1
Local
Resource Info
ASN-GW
AF
Triggers QoS Requests
AF: Application Function
(e.g., SIP Proxy)
PF: Policy Function
LPF: Local Policy Function

14. Slide14 WiMax Solutions
Division
Mobility Framework
• Mobile IP based
Proxy mobile IP
Client unaware of MIP
Standard RFC methods implemented in network
only
Client mobile IP
As per standard RFC
Coexistence
Support for both MIP-aware and other clients

15. Slide15 WiMax Solutions
Division
WiMAX-3G Interworking
• Initial Interworking scenarios
Scenario 1 - Common Billing and Customer Care
Scenario 2 - 3GPP system based Access Control and Charging
Scenario 3: Access to 3GPP system PS based services
Other scenarios such Service continuity & Seamless services are in the
future
• Loose coupling
Single subscription
Roaming between WiMAX and 3G networks
• Requires WiMAX CSN IWU Node
Provides IP Connectivity between ASN & 3GPP CSN.
Direct Internet connectivity to MS
Local IP address management (DHCP, DNS).
NAT function
AAA proxy or pass-through for Wa interface
Bridges R3 interface with Wa and Wn interfaces of the CSN

16. Slide16 WiMax Solutions
Division
3GPP Overlay (3GPP TS 23.234)

17. Slide17 WiMax Solutions
Division
3GPP/2 Interworking with IMS