192 Causes Of Wwii
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Several factors led to America adopting a policy of neutrality in the early 1930s. This included war debts from WWI, findings that arms manufacturers profited greatly from the war, and a rise in isolationism. The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s prohibited the sale of arms to countries at war and required warring nations to purchase supplies on a "cash and carry" basis. However, Hitler's aggression in Europe challenged this neutrality. He annexed Austria in 1938 and demanded territory from Czechoslovakia and Poland. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Britain and France declared war, beginning WWII.
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REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: TREATY OF SAINT-GERMAINE
The Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed in 1919 between Austria and the Allied powers after World War 1. It required Austria to lose territory to Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Italy and Romania, reducing its population from 28 million to 8 million. Austria's army was limited to 30,000 soldiers and it had to pay reparations. The treaty also forbid the union between Austria and Germany and weakened Austria to prevent its resurgence, as Italy feared increased Austrian power in the region.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 1 - TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The Treaty of Versailles established terms of peace after World War 1. Georges Clemenceau of France wanted harsh punishment of Germany, while Woodrow Wilson of the US advocated for his 14 Points and League of Nations. David Lloyd George of Britain sought compromise. Key terms included Germany accepting war guilt, severe military restrictions, reparations, and land losses. The treaty established principles that other treaties with Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Turkey followed. It was seen as unfair by Germans but achieved some successes in self-determination like establishing new states, though it also had failures and problems that contributed to future tensions.
Wwi act ii
By 1917, World War I had been raging for three years between the Allied and Central powers in Europe. The United States initially remained neutral, but public opinion began to shift as German U-boats sank American ships and the German government offered an alliance to Mexico. In April 1917, the United States officially entered the war on the side of the Allies. Over the next year and a half, American troops under General John Pershing helped tip the scales in favor of the Allies. An armistice was signed in November 1918, ending four years of devastating conflict.
Arms race
The document discusses the naval arms race between Germany and Britain in the early 20th century that increased tensions prior to World War 1. Germany enacted a naval law in 1900 to dramatically expand its navy. Britain responded by increasing its own naval capacity, including launching the revolutionary battleship HMS Dreadnought in 1906. This started a race as each country tried to maintain naval superiority. By 1914, Britain had 29 dreadnoughts compared to Germany's 17. Overall military spending across Europe increased dramatically in this period as countries expanded their armies and armaments, but efforts to curb the arms buildup failed. The growth in armaments contributed to rising militarism, nationalism, imperialism and alliances that exacerbated tensions between the European
Why had international peace collapsed by 1939
By 1939, international peace had collapsed due to Hitler's aggressive actions to expand German territory and defeat communism, as outlined in Mein Kampf. Hitler remilitarized Germany in violation of the Treaty of Versailles starting in 1933. He withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933 and staged a massive arms display in 1935. Hitler continued to consolidate power by annexing Austria in 1938 and demanding the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia later that year. Britain and France failed to oppose Hitler's moves militarily, emboldening Germany and leading to the invasion of Poland and the start of World War II in 1939.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - HITLER'S FOREIGN POLICY AIMS
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - HITLER'S FOREIGN POLICY AIMS. Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933 following a series of electoral victories by the Nazi Party. He ruled absolutely until his death by suicide in April 1945. Adolf Hitler came to power with the goal of establishing a new racial order in Europe dominated by the German “master race.” This goal drove Nazi foreign policy, which aimed to: throw off the restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles; incorporate territories with ethnic German populations into the Reich; acquire a vast new empire in Eastern Europe; form alliances; and, during the war, persuade other states to participate in the “final solution.”
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - WHY DID THE WAR STARTED IN 1939?
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 in 1939, including flawed peace settlements after World War 1 that made Germany resentful, a weak League of Nations that failed to stop aggression, the economic depression that led to the rise of extreme right-wing governments, countries adopting aggressive foreign policies for economic reasons, Hitler breaking the Treaty of Versailles and using force to expand Germany, the aggression of Italy and Japan, the appeasement of Germany by Britain and France that encouraged further aggression, and the failure of Britain, France and Russia to form an alliance against Germany due to ideological differences.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 3 - WHY HAD INTERNATIONAL PEACE COLLAPSED BY...
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 3 - WHY HAD INTERNATIONAL PEACE COLLAPSED BY 1939? A presentation which includes: Hitler's aims, his steps to war, and the failure of the appeasement policy.
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The Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed in 1919 between Austria and the Allied powers after World War 1. It required Austria to lose territory to Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Italy and Romania, reducing its population from 28 million to 8 million. Austria's army was limited to 30,000 soldiers and it had to pay reparations. The treaty also forbid the union between Austria and Germany and weakened Austria to prevent its resurgence, as Italy feared increased Austrian power in the region.
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The Treaty of Versailles established terms of peace after World War 1. Georges Clemenceau of France wanted harsh punishment of Germany, while Woodrow Wilson of the US advocated for his 14 Points and League of Nations. David Lloyd George of Britain sought compromise. Key terms included Germany accepting war guilt, severe military restrictions, reparations, and land losses. The treaty established principles that other treaties with Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Turkey followed. It was seen as unfair by Germans but achieved some successes in self-determination like establishing new states, though it also had failures and problems that contributed to future tensions.
Wwi act ii
By 1917, World War I had been raging for three years between the Allied and Central powers in Europe. The United States initially remained neutral, but public opinion began to shift as German U-boats sank American ships and the German government offered an alliance to Mexico. In April 1917, the United States officially entered the war on the side of the Allies. Over the next year and a half, American troops under General John Pershing helped tip the scales in favor of the Allies. An armistice was signed in November 1918, ending four years of devastating conflict.
Arms race
The document discusses the naval arms race between Germany and Britain in the early 20th century that increased tensions prior to World War 1. Germany enacted a naval law in 1900 to dramatically expand its navy. Britain responded by increasing its own naval capacity, including launching the revolutionary battleship HMS Dreadnought in 1906. This started a race as each country tried to maintain naval superiority. By 1914, Britain had 29 dreadnoughts compared to Germany's 17. Overall military spending across Europe increased dramatically in this period as countries expanded their armies and armaments, but efforts to curb the arms buildup failed. The growth in armaments contributed to rising militarism, nationalism, imperialism and alliances that exacerbated tensions between the European
Why had international peace collapsed by 1939
By 1939, international peace had collapsed due to Hitler's aggressive actions to expand German territory and defeat communism, as outlined in Mein Kampf. Hitler remilitarized Germany in violation of the Treaty of Versailles starting in 1933. He withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933 and staged a massive arms display in 1935. Hitler continued to consolidate power by annexing Austria in 1938 and demanding the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia later that year. Britain and France failed to oppose Hitler's moves militarily, emboldening Germany and leading to the invasion of Poland and the start of World War II in 1939.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - HITLER'S FOREIGN POLICY AIMS
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - HITLER'S FOREIGN POLICY AIMS. Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933 following a series of electoral victories by the Nazi Party. He ruled absolutely until his death by suicide in April 1945. Adolf Hitler came to power with the goal of establishing a new racial order in Europe dominated by the German “master race.” This goal drove Nazi foreign policy, which aimed to: throw off the restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles; incorporate territories with ethnic German populations into the Reich; acquire a vast new empire in Eastern Europe; form alliances; and, during the war, persuade other states to participate in the “final solution.”
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - WHY DID THE WAR STARTED IN 1939?
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 in 1939, including flawed peace settlements after World War 1 that made Germany resentful, a weak League of Nations that failed to stop aggression, the economic depression that led to the rise of extreme right-wing governments, countries adopting aggressive foreign policies for economic reasons, Hitler breaking the Treaty of Versailles and using force to expand Germany, the aggression of Italy and Japan, the appeasement of Germany by Britain and France that encouraged further aggression, and the failure of Britain, France and Russia to form an alliance against Germany due to ideological differences.
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CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 3 - WHY HAD INTERNATIONAL PEACE COLLAPSED BY 1939? A presentation which includes: Hitler's aims, his steps to war, and the failure of the appeasement policy.
End of WWI
World War I ended in 1918 with Germany's surrender after facing troubles on the home front and with the entry of American troops. In 1919, the Allied Powers met at the Paris Peace Conference to determine the post-war settlement. The resulting Treaty of Versailles punished Germany by assigning war guilt, imposing reparations, taking territory, and limiting its military. However, the treaty was controversial and rejected in some countries, failing to achieve a lasting peace and sowing resentment in Germany that allowed Hitler to rise to power and start World War II.
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After World War 1, the Allied powers met at Versailles Palace to create a treaty outlining the terms for defeated Germany. There was disagreement among the Allies, with France wanting harsh terms for revenge, Britain wary of being too punitive, and the US advocating for leniency. The resulting Treaty of Versailles stripped Germany of land, military capabilities, and required massive reparations payments. This punitive treaty exacerbated Germany's economic struggles and laid the groundwork for resentment that Hitler would later exploit.
Victory And Peace
After the Russian Revolution and Lenin taking power, Russia withdrew from World War 1 through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918. This allowed Germany to focus on the Western Front, but they were weakened and pushed back by July 1918 with help from fresh American troops. Germany's allies then began to surrender, and revolutions in Germany and Austria-Hungary ended their war efforts. An armistice on November 11, 1918 ended the fighting, but peace negotiations at Versailles lasted until 1919 and were contentious, with Clemenceau wanting harsh terms for Germany and Wilson wanting a lasting peace. The resulting Treaty punished Germany severely and redrew borders in Europe.
The great war
The document summarizes the causes and course of World War 1. It discusses the rise of nationalism, militarism, imperialism and alliances in Europe which contributed to tensions prior to 1914. It then describes the key events that triggered the war, including the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and outlines the major battles and use of new weapons technology on the Western and Eastern fronts between 1914-1918. It concludes by noting the enormous human and political costs of the war, and how the peace settlement laid the groundwork for future conflicts.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: APPEASEMENT
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THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - INTRODUCTION
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - INTRODUCTION.
The Road to WW2
1933: Hitler becomes German Chancellor.
1934: Germany Rearms.
1936 : Nazis occupy the Rhineland.
1937: Japan invades China.
1939: Germany and the Soviet Union Sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact.
1939: Germany invades Poland.
1939: Britain and France declare war on Germany.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-1939
Hitler saw the Spanish Civil War as an opportunity to fight against Communism and test his armed forces. He supported the right-wing nationalist forces under General Franco, while Stalin supported the Republican government. Germany sent the Condor Legion to Spain, where the Luftwaffe practiced devastating bombing raids on civilian populations, such as the destruction of Guernica. After over 30 months of fighting that cost 250,000 lives, the nationalists emerged victorious, allowing Franco to establish an authoritarian regime in Spain. The Spanish Civil War provided benefits for Hitler by allowing him to strengthen ties with Mussolini, distract the West while expanding German power in Central Europe, and prepare German forces for future conflicts.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: WHY WORLD WAR ...
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 in 1939, including the flawed peace settlements after World War 1 that made Germany resentful, the weakness of the League of Nations in halting aggression by countries like Japan and Italy, the global Depression that empowered extreme right-wing leaders like Hitler, the adoption of aggressive foreign policies by some countries, Hitler's violations of the Treaty of Versailles and use of force, and the appeasement of Germany by Britain and France which emboldened further aggression by Hitler.
The anglo german naval race
The document discusses the naval arms race between Germany and Britain from 1900-1914 and the concurrent land arms race in Europe. Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II ordered a massive increase in the German navy because he hated that Britain had a stronger navy. This began a naval arms race, with both countries rapidly building more and more battleships. In 1906 Britain launched the Dreadnought, and Germany began building its own Dreadnought-type battleships. At the same time, the major European powers on land were also increasing the size of their armies despite the financial burden, as they believed war was inevitable.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The Treaty of Versailles was the peace agreement between Germany and the Allies after World War 1. It forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting the war, pay heavy reparations, lose territory and demilitarize. The two provisions Germans objected to most were paying 6.6 billion pounds in reparations and Article 231 which blamed Germany alone for starting the war. The treaty is seen as controversial, with some arguing it was unfairly punitive while others believe it could have been harsher.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: ANSCHLUSS 1938
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: ANSCHLUSS 1938. The Anschluss, also known as the Anschluss Österreichs, refers to the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The idea of an Anschluss began after the unification of Germany excluded Austria and the German Austrians from the Prussian-dominated German Empire in 1871. Start date: 12 March 1938.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: SUDETENLAND 1938
The Sudeten Germans, led by Konrad Henlein and financed by Hitler, began making claims of mistreatment by the Czech government and increased hostile activities aimed at uniting the Sudetenland with Germany. This convinced Britain and France that ceding the region to Germany was needed to avoid war. At the Munich Agreement in 1938, Britain, France and Italy issued an ultimatum forcing Czechoslovakia to cede the Sudetenland to Germany by October 1938.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF IMPERIALISM: 1.4 THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM I...
Bismarck established a system of alliances to ensure German security after unification in 1871. This included the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1879 and the Triple Alliance adding Italy in 1882. Kaiser Wilhelm abandoned this system in 1890, pursuing a more aggressive foreign policy that led France and Russia to form the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894 for security. In response to rising tensions, Britain and France formed the Entente Cordiale in 1904 and Britain and Russia the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The existence of these rival alliances increased tensions in Europe and an arms race broke out, contributing to the outbreak of World War 1 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
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HISTORY YEAR 10: TREATY OF VERSAILLES. THE VERDICTS ON THE TREATY AND THE TIMELINE. It contains: Clemenceau, Wilson, Lloyd George, timeline, glossary.
Events to US Entry
Prior to entering World War I, the United States maintained an official policy of neutrality, though it had closer economic ties to the Allied forces. As the war continued, tensions rose due to attacks on U.S. merchant ships by German U-boats and the publication of the Zimmerman Telegram. Public opinion began to shift in favor of entering the war, and in April 1917 President Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany. U.S. involvement helped strengthen the Allies as Russia withdrew from the war, leaving the Western Front as Germany's sole battleground.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: CZECHOSLOVAKIA...
Czechoslovakia began to fall apart after losing the Sudetenland to Germany. Poland and Hungary took parts of Czech territory while Germany occupied the rest in March 1939. Britain and France changed tactics and promised to defend Poland if it was attacked, questioning whether appeasement had been a mistake. Historians have differing views on appeasement, with some arguing it allowed Germany to make more demands while others believe it was necessary to avoid war while rearming from World War I.
Lesson outline aims of the big 3
The document discusses the aims and perspectives of the Big Three leaders at the Paris Peace Conference after World War 1 - Lloyd George of Britain wanted to reduce Germany's military might while protecting British trade and empire, Clemenceau of France sought to cripple Germany as much as possible to rebuild France and ensure its security, and Wilson of the US aimed to establish the League of Nations but did not strongly oppose other decisions that contradicted his principles. It provides background on the impacts of the war on each country to understand their motivations at the peace talks.
1 3 Spanish Exploration
The first Europeans to arrive in the Americas were the Vikings in the 11th century, establishing short-lived settlements in Newfoundland. In the 15th century, Christopher Columbus proposed sailing west to reach Asia for Spain and received financing from Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand. While never reaching Asia, Columbus' voyages led to European colonization of the Americas. Over subsequent decades, other European explorers like Ponce de Leon, Balboa, and Magellan further mapped and claimed territory in the Americas for their home nations. The Columbian Exchange resulted in the sharing of crops, livestock, and unintentionally diseases between Europeans and Native Americans.
Age of exploration
1. European colonial expansion led to major political, social, and economic developments in colonized regions.
2. Europeans established three main types of colonies: trading posts, plantations, and settlements.
3. The slave trade had devastating effects on African societies, as millions of people were taken and slavery disrupted traditional social structures.
The age-of-exploration
The Age of Exploration was driven by improvements in sailing technology and the policy of mercantilism. Europeans began extensively exploring and colonizing other parts of the world. Key explorers included Bartolomeu Dias, who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope; Vasco da Gama, who found the trade route to India by sea; Ferdinand Magellan, whose crew completed the first circumnavigation of the globe; Christopher Columbus, who sought a western route to Asia but found the Americas instead, launching the massive Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the hemispheres; and the establishment of the triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, which centered on the slave trade.
The Three G's: God, Gold, and Glory
The document discusses the motivations of early explorers who traveled to the Americas from Europe. There were generally three main motivations: finding gold which could make explorers rich; seeking glory and fame through adventure and discovery; and spreading their religious beliefs, as religion was very important at the time. Explorers took huge risks for the potential of a big reward in one of these three areas.
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World War I ended in 1918 with Germany's surrender after facing troubles on the home front and with the entry of American troops. In 1919, the Allied Powers met at the Paris Peace Conference to determine the post-war settlement. The resulting Treaty of Versailles punished Germany by assigning war guilt, imposing reparations, taking territory, and limiting its military. However, the treaty was controversial and rejected in some countries, failing to achieve a lasting peace and sowing resentment in Germany that allowed Hitler to rise to power and start World War II.
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After World War 1, the Allied powers met at Versailles Palace to create a treaty outlining the terms for defeated Germany. There was disagreement among the Allies, with France wanting harsh terms for revenge, Britain wary of being too punitive, and the US advocating for leniency. The resulting Treaty of Versailles stripped Germany of land, military capabilities, and required massive reparations payments. This punitive treaty exacerbated Germany's economic struggles and laid the groundwork for resentment that Hitler would later exploit.
Victory And Peace
After the Russian Revolution and Lenin taking power, Russia withdrew from World War 1 through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918. This allowed Germany to focus on the Western Front, but they were weakened and pushed back by July 1918 with help from fresh American troops. Germany's allies then began to surrender, and revolutions in Germany and Austria-Hungary ended their war efforts. An armistice on November 11, 1918 ended the fighting, but peace negotiations at Versailles lasted until 1919 and were contentious, with Clemenceau wanting harsh terms for Germany and Wilson wanting a lasting peace. The resulting Treaty punished Germany severely and redrew borders in Europe.
The great war
The document summarizes the causes and course of World War 1. It discusses the rise of nationalism, militarism, imperialism and alliances in Europe which contributed to tensions prior to 1914. It then describes the key events that triggered the war, including the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and outlines the major battles and use of new weapons technology on the Western and Eastern fronts between 1914-1918. It concludes by noting the enormous human and political costs of the war, and how the peace settlement laid the groundwork for future conflicts.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: APPEASEMENT
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: APPEASEMENT.
Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - INTRODUCTION
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - INTRODUCTION.
The Road to WW2
1933: Hitler becomes German Chancellor.
1934: Germany Rearms.
1936 : Nazis occupy the Rhineland.
1937: Japan invades China.
1939: Germany and the Soviet Union Sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact.
1939: Germany invades Poland.
1939: Britain and France declare war on Germany.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-1939
Hitler saw the Spanish Civil War as an opportunity to fight against Communism and test his armed forces. He supported the right-wing nationalist forces under General Franco, while Stalin supported the Republican government. Germany sent the Condor Legion to Spain, where the Luftwaffe practiced devastating bombing raids on civilian populations, such as the destruction of Guernica. After over 30 months of fighting that cost 250,000 lives, the nationalists emerged victorious, allowing Franco to establish an authoritarian regime in Spain. The Spanish Civil War provided benefits for Hitler by allowing him to strengthen ties with Mussolini, distract the West while expanding German power in Central Europe, and prepare German forces for future conflicts.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: WHY WORLD WAR ...
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 in 1939, including the flawed peace settlements after World War 1 that made Germany resentful, the weakness of the League of Nations in halting aggression by countries like Japan and Italy, the global Depression that empowered extreme right-wing leaders like Hitler, the adoption of aggressive foreign policies by some countries, Hitler's violations of the Treaty of Versailles and use of force, and the appeasement of Germany by Britain and France which emboldened further aggression by Hitler.
The anglo german naval race
The document discusses the naval arms race between Germany and Britain from 1900-1914 and the concurrent land arms race in Europe. Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II ordered a massive increase in the German navy because he hated that Britain had a stronger navy. This began a naval arms race, with both countries rapidly building more and more battleships. In 1906 Britain launched the Dreadnought, and Germany began building its own Dreadnought-type battleships. At the same time, the major European powers on land were also increasing the size of their armies despite the financial burden, as they believed war was inevitable.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The Treaty of Versailles was the peace agreement between Germany and the Allies after World War 1. It forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting the war, pay heavy reparations, lose territory and demilitarize. The two provisions Germans objected to most were paying 6.6 billion pounds in reparations and Article 231 which blamed Germany alone for starting the war. The treaty is seen as controversial, with some arguing it was unfairly punitive while others believe it could have been harsher.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: ANSCHLUSS 1938
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: ANSCHLUSS 1938. The Anschluss, also known as the Anschluss Österreichs, refers to the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The idea of an Anschluss began after the unification of Germany excluded Austria and the German Austrians from the Prussian-dominated German Empire in 1871. Start date: 12 March 1938.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: SUDETENLAND 1938
The Sudeten Germans, led by Konrad Henlein and financed by Hitler, began making claims of mistreatment by the Czech government and increased hostile activities aimed at uniting the Sudetenland with Germany. This convinced Britain and France that ceding the region to Germany was needed to avoid war. At the Munich Agreement in 1938, Britain, France and Italy issued an ultimatum forcing Czechoslovakia to cede the Sudetenland to Germany by October 1938.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF IMPERIALISM: 1.4 THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM I...
Bismarck established a system of alliances to ensure German security after unification in 1871. This included the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1879 and the Triple Alliance adding Italy in 1882. Kaiser Wilhelm abandoned this system in 1890, pursuing a more aggressive foreign policy that led France and Russia to form the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894 for security. In response to rising tensions, Britain and France formed the Entente Cordiale in 1904 and Britain and Russia the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The existence of these rival alliances increased tensions in Europe and an arms race broke out, contributing to the outbreak of World War 1 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
HISTORY YEAR 10: TREATY OF VERSAILLES. THE VERDICTS ON THE TREATY AND THE TIM...
HISTORY YEAR 10: TREATY OF VERSAILLES. THE VERDICTS ON THE TREATY AND THE TIMELINE. It contains: Clemenceau, Wilson, Lloyd George, timeline, glossary.
Events to US Entry
Prior to entering World War I, the United States maintained an official policy of neutrality, though it had closer economic ties to the Allied forces. As the war continued, tensions rose due to attacks on U.S. merchant ships by German U-boats and the publication of the Zimmerman Telegram. Public opinion began to shift in favor of entering the war, and in April 1917 President Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany. U.S. involvement helped strengthen the Allies as Russia withdrew from the war, leaving the Western Front as Germany's sole battleground.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: CZECHOSLOVAKIA...
Czechoslovakia began to fall apart after losing the Sudetenland to Germany. Poland and Hungary took parts of Czech territory while Germany occupied the rest in March 1939. Britain and France changed tactics and promised to defend Poland if it was attacked, questioning whether appeasement had been a mistake. Historians have differing views on appeasement, with some arguing it allowed Germany to make more demands while others believe it was necessary to avoid war while rearming from World War I.
Lesson outline aims of the big 3
The document discusses the aims and perspectives of the Big Three leaders at the Paris Peace Conference after World War 1 - Lloyd George of Britain wanted to reduce Germany's military might while protecting British trade and empire, Clemenceau of France sought to cripple Germany as much as possible to rebuild France and ensure its security, and Wilson of the US aimed to establish the League of Nations but did not strongly oppose other decisions that contradicted his principles. It provides background on the impacts of the war on each country to understand their motivations at the peace talks.
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1 3 Spanish Exploration
The first Europeans to arrive in the Americas were the Vikings in the 11th century, establishing short-lived settlements in Newfoundland. In the 15th century, Christopher Columbus proposed sailing west to reach Asia for Spain and received financing from Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand. While never reaching Asia, Columbus' voyages led to European colonization of the Americas. Over subsequent decades, other European explorers like Ponce de Leon, Balboa, and Magellan further mapped and claimed territory in the Americas for their home nations. The Columbian Exchange resulted in the sharing of crops, livestock, and unintentionally diseases between Europeans and Native Americans.
Age of exploration
1. European colonial expansion led to major political, social, and economic developments in colonized regions.
2. Europeans established three main types of colonies: trading posts, plantations, and settlements.
3. The slave trade had devastating effects on African societies, as millions of people were taken and slavery disrupted traditional social structures.
The age-of-exploration
The Age of Exploration was driven by improvements in sailing technology and the policy of mercantilism. Europeans began extensively exploring and colonizing other parts of the world. Key explorers included Bartolomeu Dias, who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope; Vasco da Gama, who found the trade route to India by sea; Ferdinand Magellan, whose crew completed the first circumnavigation of the globe; Christopher Columbus, who sought a western route to Asia but found the Americas instead, launching the massive Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the hemispheres; and the establishment of the triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, which centered on the slave trade.
The Three G's: God, Gold, and Glory
The document discusses the motivations of early explorers who traveled to the Americas from Europe. There were generally three main motivations: finding gold which could make explorers rich; seeking glory and fame through adventure and discovery; and spreading their religious beliefs, as religion was very important at the time. Explorers took huge risks for the potential of a big reward in one of these three areas.
Age of Exploration Power Point
The Age of Exploration was a time period when Europeans began extensively exploring the world through advances in shipbuilding, navigation, and sailing technology. Countries like Portugal and Spain led this exploration, with Portugal finding routes around Africa to India and Spain's Christopher Columbus accidentally discovering the Americas while seeking a western route to Asia. This exploration led to massive exchanges of plants, animals, technologies, and diseases between the Old World and New World, as well as the rise of the transatlantic slave trade through the "Triangular Trade" system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Why did Europeans explore the world?
Europeans explored the world during the Age of Exploration for several key reasons: to find a sea route to Asia to access lucrative spices more easily; to obtain gold, silver, and precious stones to fund expensive wars; to expand their geographical and scientific knowledge of distant lands; to spread Christianity to new regions; and to establish larger colonial empires and claim more territory and resources.
Europe Reasons For Exploration
Europeans explored for several key reasons:
1) Spices were highly valued but could only be obtained from Asia, so European rulers sought a sea route to access spices more cheaply and make their countries wealthy.
2) Gold represented wealth and power, and explorers hoped to find gold in new lands to enrich their home nations.
3) Powerful monarchs like the Kings of Spain and Portugal wanted to expand their empires across new territories for resources and slave labor to increase their dominance.
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WWII- pres civi 2.pptx
The document provides an overview of World War 2 from 1939-1945. It describes how the war began due to tensions leftover from WWI as well as the rise of fascism. Hitler annexed territories in Czechoslovakia and invaded Poland, starting the war. Britain and other Allied forces fought against Germany and other Axis powers. Key events included the British evacuation at Dunkirk, the Battle of Britain where German air forces failed to defeat the RAF, and the Blitz bombing of London. Women took on new roles as men went off to war. British codebreakers at Bletchley Park helped decode German messages. The Holocaust led to the deaths of millions of Jews and other minority groups in Nazi concentration camps.
History timeline
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Lesson 2 Isolation Vs. Involvement
As World War II erupted in Europe, Americans were divided on whether the United States should get involved. While some supported President Franklin Roosevelt's increasing aid to Britain and the Allies through measures like cash-and-carry and lend-lease, isolationists wanted to stay out of the war. Germany rapidly conquered much of Europe, leaving Britain as the sole holdout against the Axis powers. Roosevelt argued that American freedoms were threatened by German and Japanese aggression and increased cooperation with Britain through the Atlantic Charter. However, as Germany attacked American ships supporting the Allies, involvement in the war became inevitable.
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The document summarizes key events leading up to and during World War II. It discusses how European powers were rearming in the 1930s in violation of treaties. World War II officially began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. The US initially tried to remain neutral but provided material support to Britain through Lend-Lease. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 drew the US fully into the war. The US mobilized its economy and citizens for war, though interned Japanese Americans. By 1945, Allied strategies including invasions of North Africa and Europe and atomic bombs on Japan ended the war.
Ch 21.3
1) After Germany's quick victories, it occupied northern France and established the Vichy government in southern France led by Marshal Petain.
2) Vichy France collaborated with Germany but had some autonomy, while occupied France was under direct German military control.
3) Resistance groups like the Maquis fought against the German occupation through sabotage in occupied France.
World war ii power point
World War II was a global war lasting from 1939-1945. It involved most of the world's nations who split into two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. The war resulted in over 60 million deaths, including over 6 million Jews killed in the Holocaust. The war ended with the defeat of the Axis powers and the establishment of the United Nations to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts.
Unit 4 lesson 1 from isolation to involvement
This document provides an overview of key events and terms related to the early years of World War II and the debate in the United States over intervention. It describes Germany's rapid military conquests across Europe from 1938 to 1941 using blitzkrieg tactics, Britain's resistance against German air attacks, and the growing alignment of Allied and Axis powers. It also explains how Roosevelt advocated increasing support for the Allies through policies like cash-and-carry and lend-lease, while isolationists opposed greater involvement, leading to heated debates in the U.S. The summary ends with Germany attacking U.S. ships and war seeming inevitable.
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This document provides an overview of events leading up to America's involvement in World War II, including the rise of dictators like Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and Tojo in Japan. It discusses the Allied and Axis alliances, Germany's invasions of Poland and Western Europe, and Japan's growing militarism and aggression in Asia. Key events that brought the US into the war are covered, such as the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941. FDR rallied the country to fight for ideals like freedom of speech, religion, and freedom from fear and want. The document provides context for understanding America's entry into WWII.
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The document summarizes key events in Europe and Asia in the 1930s leading up to World War 2, and the evolving US response from isolationism to increased involvement. It describes how Roosevelt pulled out of the failed London Conference in 1933, weakening international cooperation. Fascist regimes rose in Germany, Italy and Japan in the 1930s, pursuing aggressive expansionism. The US passed Neutrality Acts aiming to stay out of conflicts but which had the effect of aiding the fascists. Germany remilitarized, invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia despite appeasement. Japan invaded China, and the USSR signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany. World War 2 began with the German invasion of Poland in 1939. The US moved
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WWII
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192 Causes Of Wwii
- 2. Causes of WWII LaNeetra James Duncanville High School January 23, 2010 http://www.duncanvilleisd.org/ljames/ TEKS 1C, 3B-C, 7A, 11B, 12A, 16A-B, 19B, 25C, 26A, 26C-D TAKS Gr10/11: Obj 5: WG21C, WH25C, WH26C, US24
- 3. America Turns to Neutrality Dictatorships, unpaid war debts, and Nye Committee findings that arms factories made huge profits during WWI caused isolationism. The Neutrality Act of 1935 made it illegal to sell arms to any country at war. The Neutrality Act of 1937 required warring countries to buy supplies on a “ cash and carry ” basis. FDR supported internationalism , trade between nations creates prosperity and helps to prevent war.
- 4. Austria and Czechoslovakia In March 1938, Hitler announced the Anschluss , or unification, of Austria and Germany. Hitler claimed the Sudetenland, an area of Czechoslovakia with a large German-speaking population. At the Munich Conference , Britain and France, hoping to prevent another war agreed to Hitler’s demands using appeasement . Germany sent troops into Czechoslovakia, bringing it under German control.
- 5. The War Begins Hitler demanded the return of Danzig, Poland’s Baltic Sea port. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland using a blitzkrieg , or lightening war. Britain and France declared war. Germany and the USSR signed the Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact , with a secret agreement to divide Poland . On April 9, 1940, the German army attacked and conquered Norway and Denmark.
- 6. After World War I, France built forts called the Maginot Line along the Germany. Hitler went around it by invading the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The French and British went and were trapped in Belgium by German forces. 338,000 British and French troops escaped across the English Channel. France surrendered and Germany installed a puppet government in France.
- 8. Britain Remains Defiant To invade Britain, Germany had to defeat the British air force. In the Battle of Britain , the German air force, the Luftwaffe , tried to destroy the British Royal Air Force. After Germany bombed London, the British bombed Berlin. The Royal Air Force was greatly outnumbered, but they had radar stations that could detect German aircraft and direct British fighters to intercept them.
- 10. Bibliography Appleby, Joyce. Brinkley, Alan. Broussard, Albert. McPherson, James. Ritchie, Donald. The American Republic Since 1877-Texas Edition ; Columbus, OH: Glencoe, 2003. Kennedy, David M., Cohen, Lizabeth, Bailey, Thomas A.. The American Pageant: A History of the Republic . New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. Tindall, George Brown, and Shi, David E. America, A Narrative History ; New York, NY : Norton, 1992.