1. Three countries turned to fascism after WWI: Italy under Mussolini, Germany under Hitler, and militarist Japan. Fascism emphasized the supremacy of the state over individuals and expanding territory by war. 2. The US initially pursued isolationism after WWI but Roosevelt believed in international cooperation. Germany annexed Austria and territories of other nations unopposed under the policy of "appeasement." 3. Germany invaded Poland in 1939, starting WWII. After quick victories over other European nations, Germany defeated France in 1940, leaving Britain to stand alone against Hitler.