2. Anti-comintern Pact
❖ Created the Axis Powers,
presumably on the basis of
allying against world
Communism
❖ Signed in 1936
❖ Called Berlin-Rome-
Tokyo Axis
3. Spanish Civil War
❖ Rebellion against
left-wing government
led my the military
and Church
❖ New government
was anti-Church and
pro-socialism
4. Fascists
❖ Franco got military and
financial assistance from
Mussolini and Hitler, who saw
the war as a testing ground for
new technology and tactics
❖ Government Loyalists were
supported by Russia and their
army swelled with foreign
volunteers from France, Britain
and the U.S.
6. A light is extinguished
❖ Fascists win in 1939
❖ Franco becomes
dictator for life
❖ Spain remains neutral
throughout the Second
World War
7. Lebensraum
❖ Hitler determined in 1937 that Germany must occupy
Eastern Europe by 1943 to acquire the food sources
necessary to sustain the Third Reich in the Hossbach
Memorandum. Austria and Czechoslovakia would be the
springboards.
❖ After this point Britain and France would have rearmed to
the degree that they could stop German aggression.
❖ His army leaders thought France would attempt to stop
Germany sooner than Hitler had anticipated.
8. Anschluss
❖ Chancellor Dolfuss assassinated
by Nazis in 1934
❖ Chancellor Schuschnigg was
forced by Hitler in February
1938 to take Nazis in his cabinet
❖ When he replied to more Nazi
intimidation by calling for a
plebiscite, Schuschnigg was
overthrown in a Nazi invasion
9. Sudetenland
❖ Hitler claimed authority
over the ethnic German
citizens of the Sudetenland
by claiming they were being
discriminated against.
❖ The Czechs and French
wanted to object but P.M.
Chamberlain wanted to
bargain with Hitler at
Munich.
10. “Peace in Our Time”
“How horrible, fantastic it is that we should be digging trenches and trying on gas-masks
here because of a quarrel in a far away country between people of whom we know
nothing. I am myself a man of peace from the depths of my soul.”
11. Churchill on Chamberlain
❖ “You were given the choice between war and dishonor. You chose
dishonor and you will have war.”
❖ "This is only the first sip, the first foretaste of a bitter cup which will
be proffered to us year by year — unless by supreme recovery of moral
health and martial vigor, we rise again."
❖ “I remember when I was a child, being taken to the celebrated
Barnum's Circus, which contained an exhibition of freaks and
monstrosities, but the exhibit on the program which I most desired to
see was the one described as "The Boneless Wonder". My parents
judged that the spectacle would be too demoralizing and revolting for
my youthful eye and I have waited fifty years, to see The Boneless
Wonder sitting on the Treasury Bench.”
12. Kristallnacht
❖ Hitler’s Ambassador to France was assassinated by a young
German Jew in exile. 90 German Jews were killed in rioting
and 30,000 arrested and sent to concentration camps
15. Divide and Conquer
❖ Non-Aggression Pact with Russia
❖ Isolated Western Powers and
gave Stalin the security he craved
since his attempts to thwart
Hitler earlier had been frustrated
by apathy from Britain and
France.
