This document summarizes key events from 1900-1909 including additions to the dictionary like Afrikanerdom, escalator, and cinema. Historical events noted were the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, the end of the Boer War in 1902, and the formation of the Labour party in 1906. The Boer War is described in more detail including its stages and conclusion with the annexation of the South African Republic and Orange Free State into the Union of South Africa. Inventions during this period included the Brownie camera, electric typewriter, Ford's first car, and windshield wipers. Early media included the opening of electric movie theaters in 1902 and important films like The Great Train Robbery in 1903 and The Story

1. 1900-1909

2. ADDITIONS TO THE DICTIONARY
 Afrikanerdom -The Afrikaner people or nation, Afrikaners
collectively; Afrikaner culture or ideals, Afrikaner nationalism. (End
of Boer War 1902)
 Escalator- A moving staircase made on the endless-chain
principle, so that the steps ascend or descend continuously, for
carrying passengers up or down.
 Cinema- A popular abbreviation, and now the usual form, of
cinematograph; hence (short for cinema hall1, etc.), a building in
which cinematographic films are exhibited.
 Gas Motor(May have coincided with the introduction of the Ford
Model T Car 1909)

3. HISTORICAL EVENTS
 1901- Death of Queen Victoria
 1902- End of the Boer War
 1906- Labour party formed

4. THE BOER WAR: WHAT ACTUALLY
HAPPENED?
 It was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the United Kingdom and the
South African Republic (Transvaal Republic) and Orange Free State. The British war effort was
supported by troops from several regions in the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the
Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. The war ended in victory for Britain and
the annexation of both republics. Both would eventually be incorporated into the Union of
South Africa in 1910.
 The war was remembered for containing 3 crucial stages.
 Stage 1: The Boers mounted pre-emptive strikes into British-held territory in Natal and the
Cape Colony, besieging the British garrisons of Ladysmith, Mafeking and Kimberley. The
Boers then won a series of tactical victories at Colenso, Magersfontein and Spionkop.
 Stage 2: After the introduction of greatly increased British troop numbers under the command
of Lord Roberts, the British launched another offensive in 1900 to relieve the sieges, this time
achieving success (Pretoria was captured)
 Stage 3: beginning in March 1900, the Boers launched a protracted hard-fought guerrilla war
against the British forces, lasting a further two years, during which the Boers raided targets
such as British troop columns, telegraph sites, railways and storage depots. In an effort to cut
off supplies to the raiders, the British, now under the leadership of Lord Kitchener, responded
with a scorched earth policy of destroying Boer farms and moving civilians into concentration
camps

5. INVENTIONS
 1900- The Brownie camera (this was the beginning of the Eastman
Kodak company. The Brownie popularized low-cost photography and
introduced the concept of the snapshot)
 1901- First electric typewriter(invented by George Canfield
Blickensderfer and known specifically for its portability)
 1903- Ford motor companies first car(Ford model A)
 1903- Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers presumably linking with
Fords first car.
 1906- Sound radio broadcasting invented

7. MEDIA OF THE ERA
 April 2, 1902- Electric Theatre, the first movie theater in the United States, opens
in Los Angeles.
 The first huge success of American cinema, as well as the largest experimental
achievement to this point, was the 1903 film The Great Train Robbery, directed by
Edwin S. Porter.
 The world's first feature film, The Story of the Kelly Gang is released on 26
December 1906 in Melbourne, Australia.