1980s
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The 1980s saw significant changes in British society, youth culture, politics, technology, and language. The rich got richer while the poor got poorer under Margaret Thatcher's government. Youth embraced new music genres like hip hop, break dancing, and warehouse raves. Politically, Thatcher dominated but was criticized for policies like raising the poll tax. Technological advances like home computers, email, and camcorders entered popular use. The financial sector boomed, introducing new words around markets, investing, and economics. Overall, the decade brought many innovations and new vocabulary that reflected social and cultural shifts.
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1920s
During the 1920s in the aftermath of World War I, women began to rebel against social restrictions and took on new risky behaviors and fashion styles that came to be described by new terms like "flapper." This period saw many social, economic, political, and technological changes that influenced language as new words were coined to describe new trends, inventions, and concepts. It was a time of social liberalization and rapid cultural changes driven by new technologies and pastimes.
1950s
The 1950s saw many scientific, technological, and social changes that impacted language and culture. DNA was discovered, leading to new scientific vocabulary. Television became more common, exposing more people to new words. Immigration increased diversity of cuisine and culture, resulting in borrowed words. New industries and technologies like nuclear power, food chains, and inventions necessitated novel terminology. Larger social movements like desegregation and women's rights advanced language relating to equality. Overall, the postwar era of innovation and globalization expanded English vocabulary.
1990s
The internet became widely popular in the 1990s, allowing for greater global communication and the convergence of languages. American media also grew in popularity in Britain, introducing American words and intensifiers like "so" into British English. During the Gulf War in 1991, governments introduced euphemistic terms like "collateral damage" and "friendly fire" to obscure accidental deaths. Advances in technology made reports on foreign wars more accessible and increased awareness of conflict-related vocabulary.
1990s
American television shows like Friends and The Simpsons popularized catchphrases in the 1990s in Britain. Music from British bands like Oasis and the Spice Girls also influenced language with lyrics entering everyday speech. Meanwhile, feminism grew and taboo language became more accepted. Major political events included Margaret Thatcher resigning and Tony Blair becoming prime minister as Labour modernized. The development of the internet and web browsers led to new computer-related words and concerns over the Millennium Bug.
1990s
The 1990s saw many technological advances and the end of two major wars. New words were added to dictionaries to describe evolving concepts. While science and technology progressed, some felt cynical about their impacts. The decade saw the end of the Cold War and Gulf War, introducing euphemisms like "ethnic cleansing" and "collateral damage." The internet emerged, along with new terms like "cybernauts," and fears over the "millennium bug." The European Union expanded from 25 to nearly 40 states, though Britain's relationship with Europe was strained. New Labour replaced the Conservatives in government, shifting away from socialism toward the "third way." Popular culture saw the rise of lad culture and indie bands overtaking boy bands
1970s
During the 1970s, language changed in response to social, economic, environmental, and technological developments in Britain. Sexist language declined as women's liberation increased and Margaret Thatcher became the first female prime minister in 1979. Homosexuality was legalized in 1967, though gay culture faced social stigma. New youth subcultures emerged through music. Economically, the UK advanced with terms like "petrodollar" and business jargon. Environmental concerns rose along with terms like "green" and activism. Technological changes like computers, email, and color TV brought new vocabulary.
1960s
The 1960s was a decade of significant change, driven by advances in technology, science, fashion, and language due to the large baby boom generation. Society was transformed as more families owned consumer goods like cars, appliances, and televisions. Food choices expanded with the rise of supermarkets and international cuisines. Iconic aspects of 1960s Britain emerged such as new architecture, popular music, films, and education reforms amid a strong economy. However, the Vietnam War sparked large demonstrations against it. The decade also saw additions to the English dictionary and the rise of 1960s youth slang.
1930s
The document discusses the influence of the 1930s on the English language. Due to the economic depression after the 1929 Wall Street crash, new words like "hyperinflation" and "Hoovervilles" emerged. When Hitler rose to power in Germany, words from Nazi propaganda like "Fuhrer," "Gestapo," and "Aryan" were adopted. As World War 2 began in 1939, English took on wartime terms like "evacuation." Plastic surgery also advanced during this period due to injuries in World War 1, and the word "face-lift" was first recorded in 1939.
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1920s
During the 1920s in the aftermath of World War I, women began to rebel against social restrictions and took on new risky behaviors and fashion styles that came to be described by new terms like "flapper." This period saw many social, economic, political, and technological changes that influenced language as new words were coined to describe new trends, inventions, and concepts. It was a time of social liberalization and rapid cultural changes driven by new technologies and pastimes.
1950s
The 1950s saw many scientific, technological, and social changes that impacted language and culture. DNA was discovered, leading to new scientific vocabulary. Television became more common, exposing more people to new words. Immigration increased diversity of cuisine and culture, resulting in borrowed words. New industries and technologies like nuclear power, food chains, and inventions necessitated novel terminology. Larger social movements like desegregation and women's rights advanced language relating to equality. Overall, the postwar era of innovation and globalization expanded English vocabulary.
1990s
The internet became widely popular in the 1990s, allowing for greater global communication and the convergence of languages. American media also grew in popularity in Britain, introducing American words and intensifiers like "so" into British English. During the Gulf War in 1991, governments introduced euphemistic terms like "collateral damage" and "friendly fire" to obscure accidental deaths. Advances in technology made reports on foreign wars more accessible and increased awareness of conflict-related vocabulary.
1990s
American television shows like Friends and The Simpsons popularized catchphrases in the 1990s in Britain. Music from British bands like Oasis and the Spice Girls also influenced language with lyrics entering everyday speech. Meanwhile, feminism grew and taboo language became more accepted. Major political events included Margaret Thatcher resigning and Tony Blair becoming prime minister as Labour modernized. The development of the internet and web browsers led to new computer-related words and concerns over the Millennium Bug.
1990s
The 1990s saw many technological advances and the end of two major wars. New words were added to dictionaries to describe evolving concepts. While science and technology progressed, some felt cynical about their impacts. The decade saw the end of the Cold War and Gulf War, introducing euphemisms like "ethnic cleansing" and "collateral damage." The internet emerged, along with new terms like "cybernauts," and fears over the "millennium bug." The European Union expanded from 25 to nearly 40 states, though Britain's relationship with Europe was strained. New Labour replaced the Conservatives in government, shifting away from socialism toward the "third way." Popular culture saw the rise of lad culture and indie bands overtaking boy bands
1970s
During the 1970s, language changed in response to social, economic, environmental, and technological developments in Britain. Sexist language declined as women's liberation increased and Margaret Thatcher became the first female prime minister in 1979. Homosexuality was legalized in 1967, though gay culture faced social stigma. New youth subcultures emerged through music. Economically, the UK advanced with terms like "petrodollar" and business jargon. Environmental concerns rose along with terms like "green" and activism. Technological changes like computers, email, and color TV brought new vocabulary.
1960s
The 1960s was a decade of significant change, driven by advances in technology, science, fashion, and language due to the large baby boom generation. Society was transformed as more families owned consumer goods like cars, appliances, and televisions. Food choices expanded with the rise of supermarkets and international cuisines. Iconic aspects of 1960s Britain emerged such as new architecture, popular music, films, and education reforms amid a strong economy. However, the Vietnam War sparked large demonstrations against it. The decade also saw additions to the English dictionary and the rise of 1960s youth slang.
1930s
The document discusses the influence of the 1930s on the English language. Due to the economic depression after the 1929 Wall Street crash, new words like "hyperinflation" and "Hoovervilles" emerged. When Hitler rose to power in Germany, words from Nazi propaganda like "Fuhrer," "Gestapo," and "Aryan" were adopted. As World War 2 began in 1939, English took on wartime terms like "evacuation." Plastic surgery also advanced during this period due to injuries in World War 1, and the word "face-lift" was first recorded in 1939.
1990s a
The 1990s saw the rise of multiculturalism and alternative media like grunge, rave, and hip hop spread globally among youth. New technology was introduced, including the World Wide Web in 1993 and growing mobile phone use. British culture reinvented itself as "Cool Britannia" after economic recession in the early 1990s, characterized by bands like Oasis and fashion trends like curtained haircuts. Political factors included Margaret Thatcher stepping down in 1991 and Tony Blair becoming prime minister in 1997, while conflicts in the Gulf War and Yugoslavia introduced new terms to the English language.
1910s
World War I had a significant impact on language from 1914 to 1918. New weapons like gas masks, trench mortars, and different types of planes led to new military terms. Medical knowledge advanced as injuries increased, and women took on new jobs as men fought. Rationing was implemented on the home front due to food shortages. Beyond war, scientific advancements in physics and psychology expanded terminology. Cinema and dances like the tango rose in popularity for entertainment.
1950s
The document discusses various aspects of life in the 1950s including the Cold War, nuclear weapons, the Space Race, television, music trends, fashion, cuisine, youth culture, sexuality, architecture, science/medicine, and transportation. The Cold War dominated global politics as the US and Soviet Union emerged as superpowers following WWII. Nuclear weapons became a daily reality and the Space Race heated up as the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite. Rock and roll music rose to popularity in the latter half of the decade. Technology was influencing areas like food, fashion, and entertainment.
1980s (2)
The 1980s saw rapid advances in communication technology like the telephone and early computers which influenced language changes. Margaret Thatcher was prime minister and privatized many industries, leading to job losses in sectors like mining. Popular culture and music from artists like Michael Jackson and Duran Duran introduced new slang terms through media like television and music, with words developing both positive and negative connotations.
1990's Presentation
Fashion in the 1990s included body modifications like tattoos and piercings. Casual styles like t-shirts, jeans, and sneakers became popular. In Europe, especially Italy, all-black outfits from designers like Armani, Gucci, and Chanel were in style. Music influenced fashion trends of the decade. Politics saw John Major as UK Prime Minister and Tony Blair rise to power in 1997. Several wars began in Africa and George Bush served as US President from 1989 to 1993. Popular music genres included rock, R&B, hip hop, electronic, and country. Magazines like Top of the Pops and MTV shifted away from solely focusing on music videos. Cassette players and
1930s
The 1930s saw many technological and cultural developments in Britain. Radio broadcasting began in the 1920s and by 1933, half of British households owned a radio. Television was introduced in 1936 by the BBC. Many new candy brands like Milky Way, Penguins, Aero, and Kit Kat were launched during this decade. The Great Depression significantly impacted Britain starting with the Wall Street crash, resulting in high unemployment that peaked at 25% in 1933, especially in northern industrial areas. The BNUWM movement formed to protest means testing for unemployment benefits. New slang terms like "cake-eater", "chassis", and "carry a torch" were also added to dictionaries in the 1930s.
1950’s teddy boy
The Teddy Boy subculture emerged in 1950s Britain when Saville Row tailors created a new youth style characterized by long tailored trousers, fitted jackets, slicked back hair, and lace-up boots. Teddy Boys enjoyed rock and roll music and dancing. However, the 1953 murder of a man by a gang of Teddy Boys in Clapham Common negatively stereotyped the subculture in the media. In the following decades, the Teddy Boy style influenced other subcultures like glam rock musicians in the 1970s and a revival movement in the 1990s called the Edwardian Drape Society.
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Stella Margaret was born in 1923. She married Frederick Schofield in 1940 and Frederick Morton in 1988. The document provides a high-level overview of Stella's life and major events from 1923 to 2013 through brief summaries of what was happening in the world and in her own life at various points in each decade. It emphasizes her deep commitment to love, God, family, people, and service over the years.
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Irish Immigration
The Great Potato Famine in Ireland in 1845 caused millions of Irish people to immigrate to the United States seeking opportunities and relief from starvation. Many Irish settlers arrived in major East Coast ports and cities like New York and Boston between the late 1840s and early 1900s, where they faced prejudice as Catholics but eventually found work in factories, on railroads, and as domestic servants. While the Irish immigrants encountered obstacles as immigrants, they went on to make significant contributions to American history, politics, and culture.
Youth sub culture in the 60’s
The document discusses the youth subculture of hippies in the 1960s. It describes hippies as a group that rejected conventional values through unconventional appearances and lifestyles. They wore loose, colorful clothing often decorated with peace signs and grew their hair long. Hippies participated in protest movements for causes like civil rights and peace. They enjoyed psychedelic music, nature, Volkswagen vans, and drugs. While the media portrayed hippies negatively as drug-using troublemakers, they actually brought awareness to important issues like equality and environmentalism.
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The Development Of Cultural Nationalism
The development of cultural nationalism in Ireland in the 1890s was a reaction against modernization and a search for cultural identity. Constitutional nationalism had been associated with modernization, alienating the growing petty bourgeoisie class. Cultural nationalism provided an opportunity for women and lower middle classes to engage in politics. The Gaelic League, founded in 1893, successfully promoted the Irish language and culture as a way to develop a distinct Irish national identity and appeal to various classes and religions, amid the failure of constitutional nationalism and growth of the petty bourgeoisie class seeking cultural roots and political engagement.
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Irish nationalism
This document provides context on Irish nationalism in the early 20th century through summaries of important figures and groups. It outlines how the Irish nationalist party led by John Redmond was losing younger members who saw it as only focused on home rule. In 1905, Arthur Griffith formed a new party called Sinn Fein which wanted self-governance for Ireland. Meanwhile, labor organizers James Connolly and James Larkin gained support by highlighting the poor conditions in Dublin under British rule and advocating for an independent socialist Ireland. Their efforts increased support for separatism as a third home rule bill was pending.
Irish and Other Europeans in the West
Irish and other European immigrants played important roles in Westward expansion in the 19th century. Many Irish immigrants came during the Great Potato Famine and lived in poor conditions in cities on the East Coast. They took difficult and dangerous jobs building railroads and mining in the West that others did not want. While they faced exploitation and discrimination, Irish immigrants ultimately helped settle communities throughout the Western United States through their hard work on railroads and in mines.
Origins of cultural nationalism
The document discusses the origins and early development of cultural nationalism and Gaelic organizations in Ireland in the late 19th century. It describes how the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) was founded in 1884 by Michael Cusack and others to preserve traditional Irish sports like hurling and Gaelic football. It also discusses how the Gaelic League was established in 1893 by Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill to promote the Irish language. Both organizations grew rapidly and helped foster Irish culture and nationalism.
Irish immigration overview
The Irish left their homeland due to push and pull factors. The potato famine, or potato blight, ruined crops in Ireland in the 1840s, leaving many farmers impoverished and starving (push factor). Many Irish immigrants arrived in Scotland during this time. Before 1840, Irish could get passage to Scotland for only 6 pence, allowing temporary work, and this was a pull factor. Most Irish settlers lived in western Scotland near Glasgow and Dundee, working low-skilled manual jobs like mining, shipbuilding, and textile work. They faced hostility from Scots due to tensions over jobs and religion, but still formed strong Irish communities within Scottish society.
Canadian French-English Relations 1914-1970
The document summarizes key events in French-English relations in Canada from World War I to the 1970 October Crisis. It describes how French Canadians opposed Canadian involvement in World War I while English Canadians supported it, leading to the 1917 Conscription Crisis. In the 1930s, Maurice Duplessis strengthened Quebec nationalism as premier. The Quiet Revolution of the 1960s modernized Quebec's economy and reduced church influence. This led to the rise of the separatist PQ party under Rene Levesque and terrorist groups like the FLQ. Their actions, including kidnappings in 1970, prompted Trudeau to invoke the War Measures Act.
Immigration 1865-1914
1. Between 1865 and 1914, around 25 million Europeans immigrated to the United States, more than half coming from eastern and southern Europe.
2. Immigrants arrived through ports like Ellis Island and Angel Island, where they underwent inspections before most settled in American cities.
3. Nativist sentiment grew among some Americans who feared immigrants would not assimilate or take jobs, leading to organizations opposed to Catholic and Asian immigration and exclusionary laws.
1960s
The 1960s saw major scientific, social, and political changes including the widespread availability of birth control pills, the first televised presidential debate between Nixon and Kennedy, and the construction of the Berlin Wall as a symbol of communist oppression; notable people who died included Marilyn Monroe and JFK, while cultural milestones included the rise of the Beatles and shorter skirts as society liberalized.
1940s
The document summarizes key events and inventions from the 1940s decade including:
- World War 2 ended in 1945 with Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin as world leaders at the time. Hitler and Mahatma Ghandi also died in this decade.
- Popular inventions included the jeep, frisbee, slinky, microwave, and Velcro.
- The British singing duo Flanagan and Allen were extremely popular during WW2, known for their song "Run Rabbit Run".
- Words like "loo", "mayo", "nitty-gritty", "bollocks", and "shazam" entered common usage or were invented in the 1940s
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1990s a
The 1990s saw the rise of multiculturalism and alternative media like grunge, rave, and hip hop spread globally among youth. New technology was introduced, including the World Wide Web in 1993 and growing mobile phone use. British culture reinvented itself as "Cool Britannia" after economic recession in the early 1990s, characterized by bands like Oasis and fashion trends like curtained haircuts. Political factors included Margaret Thatcher stepping down in 1991 and Tony Blair becoming prime minister in 1997, while conflicts in the Gulf War and Yugoslavia introduced new terms to the English language.
1910s
World War I had a significant impact on language from 1914 to 1918. New weapons like gas masks, trench mortars, and different types of planes led to new military terms. Medical knowledge advanced as injuries increased, and women took on new jobs as men fought. Rationing was implemented on the home front due to food shortages. Beyond war, scientific advancements in physics and psychology expanded terminology. Cinema and dances like the tango rose in popularity for entertainment.
1950s
The document discusses various aspects of life in the 1950s including the Cold War, nuclear weapons, the Space Race, television, music trends, fashion, cuisine, youth culture, sexuality, architecture, science/medicine, and transportation. The Cold War dominated global politics as the US and Soviet Union emerged as superpowers following WWII. Nuclear weapons became a daily reality and the Space Race heated up as the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite. Rock and roll music rose to popularity in the latter half of the decade. Technology was influencing areas like food, fashion, and entertainment.
1980s (2)
The 1980s saw rapid advances in communication technology like the telephone and early computers which influenced language changes. Margaret Thatcher was prime minister and privatized many industries, leading to job losses in sectors like mining. Popular culture and music from artists like Michael Jackson and Duran Duran introduced new slang terms through media like television and music, with words developing both positive and negative connotations.
1990's Presentation
Fashion in the 1990s included body modifications like tattoos and piercings. Casual styles like t-shirts, jeans, and sneakers became popular. In Europe, especially Italy, all-black outfits from designers like Armani, Gucci, and Chanel were in style. Music influenced fashion trends of the decade. Politics saw John Major as UK Prime Minister and Tony Blair rise to power in 1997. Several wars began in Africa and George Bush served as US President from 1989 to 1993. Popular music genres included rock, R&B, hip hop, electronic, and country. Magazines like Top of the Pops and MTV shifted away from solely focusing on music videos. Cassette players and
1930s
The 1930s saw many technological and cultural developments in Britain. Radio broadcasting began in the 1920s and by 1933, half of British households owned a radio. Television was introduced in 1936 by the BBC. Many new candy brands like Milky Way, Penguins, Aero, and Kit Kat were launched during this decade. The Great Depression significantly impacted Britain starting with the Wall Street crash, resulting in high unemployment that peaked at 25% in 1933, especially in northern industrial areas. The BNUWM movement formed to protest means testing for unemployment benefits. New slang terms like "cake-eater", "chassis", and "carry a torch" were also added to dictionaries in the 1930s.
1950’s teddy boy
The Teddy Boy subculture emerged in 1950s Britain when Saville Row tailors created a new youth style characterized by long tailored trousers, fitted jackets, slicked back hair, and lace-up boots. Teddy Boys enjoyed rock and roll music and dancing. However, the 1953 murder of a man by a gang of Teddy Boys in Clapham Common negatively stereotyped the subculture in the media. In the following decades, the Teddy Boy style influenced other subcultures like glam rock musicians in the 1970s and a revival movement in the 1990s called the Edwardian Drape Society.
Stella margaret pounce
Stella Margaret was born in 1923. She married Frederick Schofield in 1940 and Frederick Morton in 1988. The document provides a high-level overview of Stella's life and major events from 1923 to 2013 through brief summaries of what was happening in the world and in her own life at various points in each decade. It emphasizes her deep commitment to love, God, family, people, and service over the years.
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The document provides a history of television from its early development to modern times. It discusses the key inventors and early technology in the 1920s-1940s. Standards were developed in the 1940s which allowed the industry to grow rapidly after WWII. Network television emerged in the late 1940s and 1950s, bringing family entertainment into homes. Cable television began in the 1950s and grew substantially between 1970-1990, challenging network dominance. More recently, television has adapted to new technologies like digital, internet streaming, and video recording devices.
Irish Immigration
The Great Potato Famine in Ireland in 1845 caused millions of Irish people to immigrate to the United States seeking opportunities and relief from starvation. Many Irish settlers arrived in major East Coast ports and cities like New York and Boston between the late 1840s and early 1900s, where they faced prejudice as Catholics but eventually found work in factories, on railroads, and as domestic servants. While the Irish immigrants encountered obstacles as immigrants, they went on to make significant contributions to American history, politics, and culture.
Youth sub culture in the 60’s
The document discusses the youth subculture of hippies in the 1960s. It describes hippies as a group that rejected conventional values through unconventional appearances and lifestyles. They wore loose, colorful clothing often decorated with peace signs and grew their hair long. Hippies participated in protest movements for causes like civil rights and peace. They enjoyed psychedelic music, nature, Volkswagen vans, and drugs. While the media portrayed hippies negatively as drug-using troublemakers, they actually brought awareness to important issues like equality and environmentalism.
Mm ch 06movies
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The Development Of Cultural Nationalism
The development of cultural nationalism in Ireland in the 1890s was a reaction against modernization and a search for cultural identity. Constitutional nationalism had been associated with modernization, alienating the growing petty bourgeoisie class. Cultural nationalism provided an opportunity for women and lower middle classes to engage in politics. The Gaelic League, founded in 1893, successfully promoted the Irish language and culture as a way to develop a distinct Irish national identity and appeal to various classes and religions, amid the failure of constitutional nationalism and growth of the petty bourgeoisie class seeking cultural roots and political engagement.
Mm ch 11 news
This document discusses the history and current state of television news. It covers 6 trends in the news industry, including cutbacks affecting coverage and digital advertising outpacing news revenue. It also provides a brief history of electronic news from early radio to the development of cable news networks. Additional sections discuss understanding the news industry, including the roles of anchors and correspondents, as well as controversies over perceived biases in news reporting and the influence of entertainment values.
Irish nationalism
This document provides context on Irish nationalism in the early 20th century through summaries of important figures and groups. It outlines how the Irish nationalist party led by John Redmond was losing younger members who saw it as only focused on home rule. In 1905, Arthur Griffith formed a new party called Sinn Fein which wanted self-governance for Ireland. Meanwhile, labor organizers James Connolly and James Larkin gained support by highlighting the poor conditions in Dublin under British rule and advocating for an independent socialist Ireland. Their efforts increased support for separatism as a third home rule bill was pending.
Irish and Other Europeans in the West
Irish and other European immigrants played important roles in Westward expansion in the 19th century. Many Irish immigrants came during the Great Potato Famine and lived in poor conditions in cities on the East Coast. They took difficult and dangerous jobs building railroads and mining in the West that others did not want. While they faced exploitation and discrimination, Irish immigrants ultimately helped settle communities throughout the Western United States through their hard work on railroads and in mines.
Origins of cultural nationalism
The document discusses the origins and early development of cultural nationalism and Gaelic organizations in Ireland in the late 19th century. It describes how the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) was founded in 1884 by Michael Cusack and others to preserve traditional Irish sports like hurling and Gaelic football. It also discusses how the Gaelic League was established in 1893 by Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill to promote the Irish language. Both organizations grew rapidly and helped foster Irish culture and nationalism.
Irish immigration overview
The Irish left their homeland due to push and pull factors. The potato famine, or potato blight, ruined crops in Ireland in the 1840s, leaving many farmers impoverished and starving (push factor). Many Irish immigrants arrived in Scotland during this time. Before 1840, Irish could get passage to Scotland for only 6 pence, allowing temporary work, and this was a pull factor. Most Irish settlers lived in western Scotland near Glasgow and Dundee, working low-skilled manual jobs like mining, shipbuilding, and textile work. They faced hostility from Scots due to tensions over jobs and religion, but still formed strong Irish communities within Scottish society.
Canadian French-English Relations 1914-1970
The document summarizes key events in French-English relations in Canada from World War I to the 1970 October Crisis. It describes how French Canadians opposed Canadian involvement in World War I while English Canadians supported it, leading to the 1917 Conscription Crisis. In the 1930s, Maurice Duplessis strengthened Quebec nationalism as premier. The Quiet Revolution of the 1960s modernized Quebec's economy and reduced church influence. This led to the rise of the separatist PQ party under Rene Levesque and terrorist groups like the FLQ. Their actions, including kidnappings in 1970, prompted Trudeau to invoke the War Measures Act.
Immigration 1865-1914
1. Between 1865 and 1914, around 25 million Europeans immigrated to the United States, more than half coming from eastern and southern Europe.
2. Immigrants arrived through ports like Ellis Island and Angel Island, where they underwent inspections before most settled in American cities.
3. Nativist sentiment grew among some Americans who feared immigrants would not assimilate or take jobs, leading to organizations opposed to Catholic and Asian immigration and exclusionary laws.
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1960s
The 1960s saw major scientific, social, and political changes including the widespread availability of birth control pills, the first televised presidential debate between Nixon and Kennedy, and the construction of the Berlin Wall as a symbol of communist oppression; notable people who died included Marilyn Monroe and JFK, while cultural milestones included the rise of the Beatles and shorter skirts as society liberalized.
1940s
The document summarizes key events and inventions from the 1940s decade including:
- World War 2 ended in 1945 with Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin as world leaders at the time. Hitler and Mahatma Ghandi also died in this decade.
- Popular inventions included the jeep, frisbee, slinky, microwave, and Velcro.
- The British singing duo Flanagan and Allen were extremely popular during WW2, known for their song "Run Rabbit Run".
- Words like "loo", "mayo", "nitty-gritty", "bollocks", and "shazam" entered common usage or were invented in the 1940s
1940s
The 1940s saw World War 2 greatly impact life in Britain, with rationing leading to the creation of dishes like the Woolton pie made from leftovers. Young men were conscripted as Bevin Boys to work in coal mines during this time. After the war, Germany underwent denazification to remove Nazis from positions of power. New technologies also emerged in the 1940s like color TV, computers, and microwaves, though many were only accessible to the wealthy initially. Penicillin and plastic surgery both advanced as well during this period.
1970s
Feminism promoted changing masculine pronouns like "chairman" to gender-neutral terms like "chairperson". Environmentalism coined phrases like "ecofreaks" and "green" and popularized recycling. Decimal Day in 1971 decimalized currencies in the UK and Ireland. Inventions in the 1970s included the debit card, microprocessor, and Sony Walkman. Notable news stories were the first Pan Am 747 landing at Heathrow, the Concorde launching in 1976, Margaret Thatcher rising to power, and the 1973 oil crisis.
1920s
The 1920s saw many cultural and technological changes, including the rise of organized crime and new forms of entertainment like cinema, cocktails bars, and dancing. Key events included the stock market crash of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression, as well as scientific discoveries such as penicillin. Women gained more independence and rights during this period as hairstyles and fashion became looser and more casual.
1980s
Electronic mail was invented in 1982, marking the start of increased reliance on technology for communication. As personal computers became more mainstream due to IBM, it also became possible for hackers to access personal information stored on these computers, necessitating the term 'hacker.' Concerns over declining US-Russia relations and the threat of nuclear war led to the emergence of peace movements seeking to avoid conflict by any means.
1950s
The document summarizes life in Britain in the early 1950s after World War 2 had ended. Military uniforms were still common as all males completed 2 years of national service. Rock and roll music emerged as popular music with artists like Elvis Presley and Buddy Holly. Winston Churchill served as Prime Minister from 1951 to 1955. In 1952, Queen Elizabeth II took the throne after the death of her father, King George VI, and her coronation was the first to be televised in 1953.
1900 1919
The document summarizes key events and developments from 1900-1919. Queen Victoria still reigned at the start of the century. Major technological advances included the Wright Brothers' first flight and the birth of radio signals. World War 1 began in 1914, resulting in over 70 million military mobilizations across Europe and the fall of four major empires. The war also advanced aeronautical technology and led to the development of air travel. The sinking of the Titanic in 1912 was a major disaster. Scientists began unlocking atomic secrets and developing new materials and technologies. Entertainment expanded with the growth of cinema and development of radio after World War 1 ended in 1918.
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I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable claiming any single or simple cause for why the industrial revolution first occurred in England. The factors that contributed to its emergence were complex and interrelated, and historians continue to debate its origins.
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The American economic revolution of the early to mid-1800s brought dramatic changes to the economy, society, culture, and politics. The population grew rapidly through natural increase and large-scale immigration from Europe. Cities grew as many migrated from rural areas for new economic opportunities. While immigration provided new labor, it also caused social tensions as nativist groups opposed the cultural and political changes. Transportation networks like canals and railroads expanded rapidly to support industry and trade. Mass production, new technologies, and other industrial advances transformed the economy and led to the rise of large-scale business organizations. These changes brought wealth to some but also inequality and difficult working conditions for many, especially the new immigrant laborers. The family and gender roles adjusted to the
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The American economic revolution of the early to mid-1800s brought dramatic changes to society and culture. There was rapid population growth through high birth rates and large-scale European immigration. Cities in the Northeast and Midwest grew as many migrated for new economic opportunities. However, the influx of immigrants, particularly Catholic Irish and German, led some nativist Americans to oppose the cultural changes. Advanced transportation like canals and railroads, along with new communication technologies like the telegraph, helped industrialization expand across the country. While this period saw enormous wealth creation and economic growth, it also led to rising inequality and difficult working conditions for many, including women and children.
20th Century History: Depth Study: The USA 1919-41
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Review & test Taking PPT
The document provides an overview of several topics in history. It begins with tips for test taking, then defines primary and secondary sources. It discusses timelines, noting that years count down to zero and up from there. Several key events in world history are briefly outlined, along with explanations of concepts like the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, English and French Revolutions, Industrial Revolution, and causes of World Wars I and II. The Interwar period and rise of fascism in Germany are touched on, as well as US involvement in WWII and the creation of the UN. The Cold War between the US and USSR concludes the summary.
The rise of industry
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1. Cheap labor from over 20 million European immigrants between 1865-1910 who provided a large industrial workforce.
2. Abundant natural resources such as water, timber, coal, iron and copper which American companies could obtain inexpensively.
3. The development of railroads which linked the nation and expanded markets while also spending on infrastructure to support industrial growth.
4. A laissez-faire government policy with low taxes and few regulations that allowed industry to grow unfettered.
5. Important inventions like the telephone, light bulb, and phonograph that increased productivity
Industrial rev all parts
The document summarizes the key circumstances and developments of the Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in the late 18th century. It discusses factors such as population growth, agricultural advances, and the development of new technologies like steam power that enabled industrialization. The shift from rural cottage industries to urban factory systems led to new social problems and inequality while also spurring political reforms around issues like labor laws and abolition of slavery. The Industrial Revolution ultimately spread beyond Britain and transformed economies and societies around the world.
Urbanization
During the late 19th century, urbanization increased rapidly as many Americans moved to cities. The urban population grew from 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million by 1900, with most new urban residents being immigrants. Many immigrants lived in crowded and unsanitary tenement housing in ethnic enclaves and worked long hours for low pay in the growing industrial economy. At the same time, large corporations like Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil dominated their industries, leading to concerns over monopolies and wealth inequality. Workers organized unions to fight for better conditions, while African Americans faced increasing racial segregation and violence in the South under Jim Crow laws after the Supreme Court's "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.
europe in 19th century
During the late 19th century:
- Industrialization advanced rapidly in Europe leading to mass migration to cities and revolutionary changes in science and technology.
- Middle and upper classes experienced a golden age while social reforms increased rights and education for more people.
- Major scientific advances occurred including discoveries about atoms and the development of periodic tables which began the modern age of science.
- However, political forces emerged that threatened Europe's stability as nationalism and imperialism grew more prominent.
Columbian exchange and effects on america
The arrival of Europeans in the Americas had devastating consequences for indigenous populations. Deadly diseases brought by the Spanish killed an estimated 95% of native peoples. The Spanish established colonies and exploited the remaining natives through the abusive encomienda system. To fuel the demand for labor on sugar plantations after native populations declined, the transatlantic slave trade began, transporting over 12 million Africans to America in horrific conditions. The exchange of plants, animals and pathogens between the Old World and New World, known as the Columbian Exchange, also significantly altered global ecosystems and economies.
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This document provides an overview of human trafficking. It discusses the history of slavery, including the transatlantic slave trade that transported over 12 million Africans between the 16th and 19th centuries. Modern forms of slavery like debt bondage and forced labor are also examined. The document notes that human trafficking is now the second largest organized crime and impacts millions, especially women and children. It profiles an anti-trafficking organization called STOP THE TRAFFIK that has over 800 partners in 50 countries. The document encourages awareness, advocacy, and fundraising efforts to address trafficking and provides some examples of successes, like companies committing to slave-free supply chains for chocolate.
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The document provides an overview of life in the United States during the 1920s period of prosperity and the Great Depression of the 1930s. It describes the economic boom and consumerism of the 1920s, known as the Jazz Age, followed by the stock market crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelt responded to the economic crisis with his New Deal programs, which provided relief, recovery, and reform through massive public works projects, social programs, and financial reforms to pull the country out of the Depression.
Staar 07 the roaring twenties
After World War I, Americans faced difficulties adjusting to peace such as a recession, job losses, and isolationism. In the 1920s, Republican presidents pursued laissez-faire economic policies and limited government interference in business. The Roaring 20s were driven by new industries like automobiles, mass production techniques, mass consumption fueled by advertising, and stock market speculation. Cultural values changed as Prohibition took effect, fundamentalism clashed with modernism, and women and African Americans gained new freedoms and opportunities for self-expression.
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2000s presentation
The document discusses fashion trends among various UK subcultures in the early 2000s. Chavs favored hip-hop styles like tracksuits and baseball caps. Nu-metal fans and ravers sported spiky hair, neon colors, and piercings. From 2003-2007, indie fashion became mainstream in Britain and the US, reviving 1960s styles. Other groups adopted elements of indie, Japanese streetwear, and rapper Kanye West's eclectic style.
ap progressive era autosaved
The Progressive Era saw widespread reforms between 1890-1920 in response to economic and social problems resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization. Reformers addressed issues like political corruption, poverty, child labor, and unsafe working conditions through muckraking journalism that investigated these issues, the settlement house movement that provided social services to the poor, and advocacy of women's suffrage and prohibition. While they differed on solutions, Progressives broadly sought to regulate large businesses and make government more responsive to public needs through initiatives like the direct election of Senators.
Nationalism and industrialism
1) Europeans began to develop strong national identities in the 1800s, seeing themselves as part of unique nations rather than just regions.
2) Nationalism increased competition between countries and states promoted nationalism to gain citizens' loyalty.
3) The Industrial Revolution began in Britain and spread to other countries, transforming economies from agricultural to factory-based production and spurring rapid urbanization and population growth.
Urbanization
During the late 19th century, the United States underwent rapid urbanization and industrialization. Millions of immigrants poured into American cities, and populations skyrocketed. New building technologies allowed for the construction of skyscrapers in major urban areas. At the same time, social problems emerged as many immigrants lived in poor conditions. New business practices like vertical and horizontal integration led to the rise of monopolies that dominated industries. While economic growth was substantial, the Gilded Age also saw the development of class divisions and inequality.
Cultural revolution
The post-World War II period in Britain saw a cultural revolution as increased affluence and deregulation led to greater individual freedoms and consumption of American culture through movies, TV, and consumer goods. Younger generations embraced new youth subcultures and styles that distinguished them from older generations, while greater social mobility also blurred class distinctions. By the 1960s, consumption and lifestyle had become strongly tied to personal identity and expression.
Group 1 lesson 15
The post-World War II period in Britain saw a cultural revolution as increased affluence and American influence led to greater consumerism and youth culture. Younger generations embraced American pop culture through movies, TV and music and had more disposable income to spend on consumer goods that expressed their identities. Rising education levels also contributed to social mobility and a blurring of class lines as traditional cultural norms were increasingly challenged and questioned.
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1980s
The 1980s were known for bright colors, big hair, and the introduction of new technologies like early cell phones. Key historical events included the assassination of John Lennon, the marriage of Prince Charles and Diana, and the Chernobyl disaster. Wars in the 1980s included the Iran-Iraq War and the Falklands War between the UK and Argentina. The first space shuttle launched in 1981. New movies like E.T. and Blade Runner were popular, as were songs by Michael Jackson, Bon Jovi, and Madonna.
1970s
The document discusses language changes that occurred in the 1970s across several domains. Technological advancements led to terms like "hard disk", "window", and "virus" entering the vocabulary. Environmental concerns rose and terms like "renewable energy" and "global warming" were first used. The feminist movement advocated for more gender-neutral language by criticizing words like "chairman" and popularizing "they". New genres like punk rock, heavy metal, and rap influenced music vocabulary.
1970s
The 1970s saw many technological, social, and environmental changes. Key events included the break up of The Beatles, the introduction of home computers and video cassette recorders, and the US withdrawal from Vietnam. Environmentalism grew as a movement in response to pollution crises like the burning of the Cuyahoga River. New terms related to environmental issues and the counterculture emerged. Scientific advancements included the Voyager program launches to explore the outer planets.
1960s
The 1960s is known as the "Swinging Sixties" era, a decade of significant cultural and social change in Britain. Popular music like the Beatles flourished and helped define the era. Abortion and homosexuality became legal and women's rights improved. Technological advancements included the audio cassette and early video games. Major medical advancements also occurred, such as the first human heart transplant in 1967. The decade saw increasing consumerism and space exploration, culminating in the first moon landing in 1969.
1960s
The 1960s saw changes in fashion, music, technology, and politics. Mini skirts and boots were popular along with new dance styles like the twist. The political climate saw the rise of terms like sexism and tokenism. Space exploration advanced with the first moon walks. New technologies emerged such as home computers and video cameras. Protest movements increased around issues like the Vietnam War, shown through terms that came from that era. The 1960s was a decade of cultural and social change.
1950s
The document summarizes language changes that occurred in the 1950s due to various social, political, economic, and technological factors. New words entered the lexicon related to nuclear weapons ("nukes"), space exploration ("cosmonauts"), computers ("bootstrap"), medicine ("bypasses"), and transportation ("helicopter"). Youth subcultures emerged ("Beatniks") amid social changes, and television and new foods became more common. Overall, the 1950s saw significant linguistic innovation driven by events like the Cold War and new scientific discoveries during this transformative decade.
1930s
The document provides a timeline of major events from the 1930s including the discovery of Pluto, Amelia Earhart's solo flight across the Atlantic, and the start of World War II. It discusses how the 1930s saw the invention of new words to describe concepts like hyperinflation and Hoovervilles that emerged during the Great Depression. Additionally, it notes how World War II led to many new military terms being coined, especially from the German language, and that 60 million people died during World War II leaving the world in need of repair.
1910s
Marie Curie discovered radium and polonium in 1911 and died from radiation poisoning. The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage in 1912 after colliding with an iceberg, killing over 1,500 people. In 1914, Franz Ferdinand was assassinated and Britain entered World War I.
1900s
This document summarizes key events from 1900-1909 including additions to the dictionary like Afrikanerdom, escalator, and cinema. Historical events noted were the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, the end of the Boer War in 1902, and the formation of the Labour party in 1906. The Boer War is described in more detail including its stages and conclusion with the annexation of the South African Republic and Orange Free State into the Union of South Africa. Inventions during this period included the Brownie camera, electric typewriter, Ford's first car, and windshield wipers. Early media included the opening of electric movie theaters in 1902 and important films like The Great Train Robbery in 1903 and The Story
1980s
The document discusses new terminology and language that emerged in the 1980s due to advances in technology and changes in popular culture. Significant technological advances like computers and new devices led to specialist terms like "PIN", "EFTPOS", and "PC" entering common usage. Popular culture in the 1980s also influenced language with new words and phrases from music genres like acid house, dances like breakdancing, and devices like Walkmans and ghetto blasters becoming widespread. Lifestyle changes additionally contributed language around new medical topics related to HIV/AIDS and political/economic terms from trends at the time.
1970s
The 1970s saw major cultural and political events, with Margaret Thatcher becoming the first female British prime minister and the Vietnam War ending. Punk rock emerged as a new musical genre, bringing slang terms like "crib," "in your face," and "sick" into popular usage. Iconic films like Star Wars were released, popularizing words like "lightsaber" and "Jedi," while technologies advanced with new home products, video games, and medical procedures like in vitro fertilization.
1960s
The 1960s saw major social upheaval and the rise of political movements like feminism and civil rights. As a result, language took on new meanings as a way to signify membership in counter-culture groups like hippies. Words like "hippie", "groovy", "toke", and "square" originated earlier but became widespread in the 1960s to describe the hippie lifestyle of experimenting with drugs and music. Using slang demonstrated being part of the counterculture movement and opposing more conservative values of the time.
1930s
The Great Depression began with the 1929 Wall Street crash and led to widespread unemployment across the world, especially in heavy industry areas of the UK. In 1932, Sir Oswald Mosley formed the British Union of Fascists political party after meeting Italian fascist leader Mussolini. That same year, Cockroft and Walton split the atom in one of the earliest experiments to artificially change one element's nucleus to another. In 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany and Stalin began purging perceived threats from the Soviet Union.
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1980s
- 1. The 1980’s By Olivia smith
- 2. People of society • Rich got richer • Poor got poorer • Shell suit decade • People were poor due to Margret thatcher increasing poll tax
- 3. Youth Culture • Music terms – hip hop origin/ garage origin • ‘body popping’ ‘break dancing’ • ‘moon walking’ • ‘crack’ ‘E’s’ ‘ Warehouse raves’ • ‘moshing’
- 4. Hip hop origin • www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-O5IHVhWj0
- 5. Politics • Margret Thatcher - making the poll tax too high which particularly upset the middle of England • Anyone who went against her was seen as ‘handbagging’ her • Labour party also upset everyone which lead to words such as ‘fudge’ and ‘mudge’ to come into the English language. • Emily’s list - Increase number of female MPs • Words which came out this were : • Sleaze and spin doctor
- 6. Money • A major part to this era was that finance brought new vocabulary into the English Language. • It also changed the dynamics of society as there was now considerable amount of wealth. • Financial boom in stock markets 1986 • 1987 – Black Monday – Share prices plummeted
- 7. Money terms • Words that were added into vocab: • ‘Grey market’ An unofficial market in which goods are bought and sold at prices lower than the official price set by a regulatory agency • ‘Dawn raid’ An investor buys a substantial number of shares in a company first thing in the morning when the stock markets open because they are at their cheapest.
- 8. War • Faulkner's war (1982) this benefitted Margret Thatcher's electoral prospects • The threat of war in Britain made Britain set up peace camps. This started new lexis being added: zero option, START and build down. • Eastern Europe had gained independence and the forty year cold war had been won by the West of Europe.
- 9. Technology • Technology accelerated in this era: • Dongle and toggle • Lots of people had problems with this new technology however. • Communication in technology was a new influence on the modern world • Snail mail was dying out and cures for hackers such as ‘vaccines’ were being found • Email and information superhighway were new terms
- 10. Technology • Walkman's and ghetto blasters portable sounds • Camcorder, record own videos • Chat lines and help lines reinvented telephone industries
- 11. Environmental concerns • Bio diversity/ Eco friendly – we were eager to be this sort of society • Cruelty free products- people bought • We supported the construction of wind farms
- 12. Aids • Terminology of disease came about when it did • Buddy, HIV, PWA, AZT • Femi-doms, safe sex , bonking
- 13. Slang • Wicked • Massive • Mega • Radical • Prostitutes became ‘sex workers’ • Pets – ‘companions’ • Deviation from norm had to be phrased as ‘challenged’ • Sizest or fattist comments or anti feminist comments were discouraged