The document discusses media in the UK, including the history of British newspapers from the 16th century, the differences between broadsheet and tabloid newspapers, and the three most influential newspapers. It also covers the history of British television beginning in 1936 and radio beginning in 1922. Key points are made about the industries' impacts on the economy and role in education. The rise of studio films and genres like Gainsborough melodramas and Ealing comedies are summarized.

1. Media in The UK

2.  The Outline:
 History of British newspaper
 The difference between Broadsheet and Tabloid
newspapers
 3 Most influential newspapers in Britain
 British television
 Britsh radio

3. History of British newspapers
 In England , news began to be circulated in print
early in the 16th century in publications referred to
as Relations.
 The first true newspaper published in Britain was
the Oxford Gazette, which was published in 1665.
 The 3 most influential newspapers , The Times ,
The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian, all began
publishing in the 19th century .
 Since 2005, 148 newspapers have launched and
over 379 have closed .

5.  The newspapers industry in the United Kingdom
had a diffucult time over the last few decades. Fewer
house holds are purchasing print news
publications,and the expenditure on newspapers
decreased dramatically over the years .The same
concerning the national newspaper circulation; even
among leading brands like The Daily Mail.

6. TabloidsVs
Broadsheets

7. 
Broadsheets :first published in the 18th C . They are printed on
large sheets of paper. Like The Times, they are very detailed
extensive papers.

8. 

 Tabloids: are about half the page side of an ordinary newspaper .They contain
more simple explanation of things with simple language and a lot of celebrity
gossip .

9. Most Influential Newspapers
 The Times: One of Britain’s oldest and most
influential daily newspapers. Founded by John
Walter in 1785 as the Daily Universal Register .It
became The Times in 1788.By publishing
commercial news, notices and some scandals , the
newspaper developed a reputation for
independence, thouthfulness and forcefulness and
it was described as the Thunderer .

10.  The Daily Telegraph : Founded in 1855 .It quickly
became Britain’s best-selling paper, with its mix of
sport and politics and peerless news service. In 1994
The Telegraph became the 1st newspaper in Britain
to produce an online website.
 The Guardian : Founded in 1821. The newspaper
has historically been praised for its investigative
journalism, its dispassionate discussion of issues, its
literary and artistic coverage and criticism and its
foreign correspondence .

12. British Television
 The first Broadcast by the BBC was from London in
1936
 The first major outside broadcast was The
Coronation of King George 6th and his wife
Elizabeth in 1937.

13. Photograph of George VI and Elizabeth
in their coronation robes, 1937.

14.  Currently, the Uk Tv market offers over 480 channels
and is a mix of Free to air, Free to view, Subscription
and on demand services.
 There are 5 main Tv channels : BBC1, BBC2 ,ITV,
CHANNEL 4 and CHANNEL 5.

15.  Satellite television; cable or degital, began in the
UK when Rupert Murdoch launched SKY TV in
1990.
 The Simpsons was first
shown in the UK on Sky
One .
In recent years, a new sector
has entered the Tv
market-on-demand
and streaming services.
The most famous is Netflix.
.

17. British Radio
 Radio broadcasts began in the UK in 1922 and in
1927 radio content was taken over by the BBC.
 On the Eastern coast of England, the pirate radio
revolution was launched by Roman O’Rahilly. The
Radio Caroline was the first of several pirate stations
that challenged BBC radio’s dominance in the 1960s.
 The station played pop music all day while the BBC
only played pop records for a few hours a week .

18. The Radio Caroline ship was affectionally known
as The Ship That Rocked The World.

19.  The most prominent stations are the national
networks operated by the BBC :
BBC Radio 1
BBC Radio 2
BBC Radio3
BBC Radio 4
BBC Radio 5 Live
Commercial stations began broadcasting in 1973. The
oldest commercial stations are London-based
stations LBC and Capital Radio.
Absolute Radio , Classic FM and TalkSPORT are 3
national commercial radio stations.

20.  On 18th April, 1930,the BBC’s 20:45 news bulletin
announced that there was NO NEWS to
communicate at that time and the presenter played
music instead !

21. William Kennedy Laurie Dickson (3 August 1860 – 28 September 1935) was a British inventor who devised an early
motion picture camera
WHO INVENTED CINEMA?
 No one person invented
cinema. However, in 1891
the Edison Company
successfully demonstrated
a prototype of the
Kinetoscope, which
enabled one person at a
time to view moving
pictures.

22.  The History of British Cinema
 Although British cinema began before the turn of the
Twentieth Century, The wars forced filmmakers to take
genres that had only been invented and pioneered
relatively recently, such as the documentary or action
filmto explore what it meant to be British during and
after such a conflict. But whilst the wars necessitated in
the development of cinema that could help a nation
process its grief, the post-war period needed something
else – distraction, diversion and entertainment. It was
from this necessity that the legendary British film studios
were born.

23.  THE GAINSBOROUGH MELODRAMAS
 he first major studio that pioneered their own genre
of film was Gainsborough Studios, based in London,
which was founded in 1924. it is most famously
remembered for the Gainsborough melodramas, a
collection of films produced in the 1940s. Many of
the themes featured in the films also harken back to
Victorian literature, with stories exploring love across
class (The Man in Grey) or the societal expectations
for women at the time (Madonna of the Seven
Moons).

24.  The power of the Gainsborough melodramas came
from their simplicity. Whilst the war was causing
many to ask complex questions about humans’
inhumanity to each other, the melodramas focused on
simple tales with small casts

25.  THE EALING COMEDIES
 Another major name in the
studio film boom was
Ealing Studios, a London-
based studio that started in
1902. Ealing still produces
films, TV and music videos
to this day

26.  Unlike the majority of the
Gainsborough films, the
Ealing comedies didn’t shy
away from the war – such
as Whisky Galore! and
Passport to Pimlico which
both explore issues of
rationing during the war.

27. Rising of a new age
 The rise of studio films as
important cinematic
movements had no
previous precedent in the
history of British cinema,
however, British cinema
didn’t stay in the era of
studio films for long,
however. When
Gainsborough moved to
Pinewood in the late 1940s,
and Ealing was taken over
by the BBC in 1955
 the cinematic environment
took a sharp left turn into
one of the strangest and
wackiest, yet most
genuine-feeling, periods of
British film ever – the Free
Cinema Movement.

28. The Free Cinema Movement
 Inspired by the French New Wave, England
developed the FREE CINEMA Movement
 Developed by Lindsay Anderson, Karel Reisz, and
Tony Richardson
 A raw mixture of dramatic filmmaking and
documentary filmmaking –
 “Kitchen Sink Dramas” or Kitchen Sink Realism –
protagonists were angry young men
 It tried to focus on social realism, depicting the
WORKING CLASS living in cramped situations,
drinking in dirty pubs, tried to explore social
issues, including gay rights, and politics
Look Back in Anger (1959)

29. The UK media Impact on The Economy and Education
 Media can be seen as an
infrastructure industry such as
electricity or transport. Through
information transmission, they
helped markets exist and
function; through the
conditioning of morals and
empathy they reduced
transaction costs; through
advertising they revolutionised
the market structure of consumer
goods industries; through
educational materials they
increased
human capital
 After 1870, a series of
technological revolutions made
media products increasingly
tradeable and allowed Britain to
capitalise on its comparative
advantage
 . Media industries formed the
capstone of the British economy,
with an impact far larger than
their GDP-share suggested.
GDP or Gross domestic product is a monetary
measure of the market value of all the final goods and
services produced and sold in a specific time period
by countries. The Higher GDP, The Richer is the
country.

30. Industrialisation of the media
 British entertainment
experienced an industrial
revolution of its own from
about 1890, which led to
the industrialisation of
entertainment. With this
revolution, our journey
begins.
 Rising real wages, falling
working hours, population
growth and the rise in
literacy and education
increased demand for
media and entertainment

31.  Case of Broadcasting :
 First, television production changed from in-house
production to commissioning from independent
producers. The independent sector boomed, as did
Britain’s television exports. Pearson Television
became a leading exporter of game shows and game
show formats, and BBC World Wide, owned by the
BBC, became Britain’s main global television
exporter, exporting many outside television
programmes as well, and also venturing in adjacent
business such as magazines and travel guides.

32.  Second, prime time
programming changed
remarkably, from mainly
American series in the mid-
1970s, to almost
exclusively British content
by the 2000s.
 Third, subscriptions became a
new revenue source, and
eventually grew bigger than
either license fee or
advertising, constituting 41
percent of all television
revenue by 2010. Cable and
satellite broadcasting made
exclusion possible, and thus
subscriptions

33.  Time is Money:
 The large amount of time that consumers spent
consuming media and entertainment products implied
that the welfare impact of these products was much
larger than their GDP share suggested.
 Including films on DVD and television, consumers
spent 7551 million hours watching films in 2008
 This suggests that films were about 8 to12 times more
important to consumers than their GDP-share would
suggest. Cash expenditure on films was £3.7 billion,
total opportunity costs – what viewers could have
earned working instead of watching films, was £96
billion (7551 million hrs * £12.77/hr).

34.  Another way in which the media and creative
industries affected market functioning was through
enabling new forms of advertising. New media
technologies, in combination with advertising, had an
important influence on competition and market
structure in consumer goods industries. Radio and
television were especially suited to persuasive brand
advertising rather than price advertising

35.  Education in relation with Media:
 Through publishing and educational television they
supported education directly, but they also educated
consumers indirectly.

36.  The new Media Landscape in the UK Now:
 The pandemic undoubtedly changed our relationship
with digital media and now we are living in a new-
look digital environment with TikTok's popularity in
the UK continuing to soar with user numbers rising
by more than a third in the past year, and each person
spending an average of 27.3h a month on the app.

37.  Elsewhere the number of Brits using social media is
still growing, up 8.7% to 4.6m in the past 12
months. WhatsApp is the most-used social media in the
UK, with Facebook and Facebook Messenger claiming
second and third place.

38. Thank you for your Attention
Please feel free to ask any Questions