The document discusses editing techniques for writing technical documents in English, including editing for clarity, consistency in sentence structure, and examples of rewriting sentences for improved clarity and consistency. It also provides a brief biography of Ted Knoy, who has over 20 years experience teaching technical English writing and editing in Taiwan. He is the author of 14 books on technical and professional writing in English.

1. Đào tạo chỉnh sửa trong viết văn bản tiếng anh
Chỉnh sửa cho rõ rang
Cấu trúc câu đều phải có sự nhất quán
Kha Thái Đức
Đại học Lạc Hồng, Giám đốc Trung tâm viết báo khoa học bằng tiếng anh
柯泰德線上英文論文編修訓練服務
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

2. Tiểu sử cá nhân
Kha Thái Đức (Ted Knoy) đã dạy viết tiếng Anh kỹ
thuật trong các trường đại học ở Đài Loan hơn hai
mươi năm. Ông là tác giả của mười bốn cuốn sách
về viết tiếng Anh kỹ thuật và chuyên nghiệp. Ông đã
thành lập một trung tâm viết tiếng Anh tại trường đại
học Y Yunpei đồng thời cũng là giảng viên toàn thời
gian tại trường. Ông đã chỉnh sửa trên 55,000 bài
viết cho việc đăng báo nghiên cứu khoa học từ năm
1989. Ông là cũng nhà biên tập tiếng anh cho một
số tạp chí về khoa học, kỹ thuật và y học của Đài
Loan.

3. Chỉnh sửa cho rõ rang
(Editing for clarity)
Người viết văn bản về khoa học thường viết
không suy nghĩ, tất nhiên, dẫn tới sự hiểu
lầm của độc giả, do đó viết một cách rõ ràng
càng trở nên quan trọng, ngoài việc viết bài
báo một cách chính xác, còn để làm cho
người đọc không hiểu sai những ý nghĩa mà
bạn muốn đề cập.
www.chineseowl.idv.tw/html/Exercise/Clarity/ex01a.htm

4. Cấu trúc câu đều phải có sự nhất quán
(Create sentences parallel in structure and meaning)
Văn bản tiếng Anh trong khoa học và công
nghệ, xây dựng câu phải có sự nhất quán.
www.chineseowl.idv.tw/html/Exercise/Clarity/ex12a.htm

5. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
Yum and Ko [1] made a recommendation of
starting with Taguchi's two-step procedure
and that the transformation be applied in case
(C1) is not satisfied.
Sửa đổi
Yum and Ko [1] recommended starting with
Taguchi's two-step procedure and applied the
transformation in case (C1) is not satisfied.

6. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The factors are in some cases identified,
estimated, and easy for implementation.
Sửa đổi
The factors are in some cases identified,
estimated, and easily implemented.

7. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
Either the design factors should be
examined or implementation of the two-step
procedure should not be made.
Sửa đổi
Either the design factors should be
examined or the two-step procedure should
not be implemented.

8. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The proposed procedure is simpler than
conventional methods and analyzes an
experiment with singly censored data.
Sửa đổi
Simpler than conventional methods, the
proposed procedure analyzes an
experiment with singly censored data.

9. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The maximum likelihood method is not only
frequently used by statisticians, but also those
having limited statistical training find it difficult
to comprehend.
Sửa đổi
The maximum likelihood method is not only
frequently used by statisticians, but also
difficult to comprehend for those having
limited statistical training.

10. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
Transforming the relative importance of each response into a fuzzy number
consists of the following steps:
(a) Express the relative importance of each response by a linguistic term.
(b) A formal scale system is established that can convert linguistic terms into
their corresponding fuzzy numbers.
(c) A conversion scale is found that matches all of the linguistic terms.
Sửa đổi
Transforming the relative importance of each response into a fuzzy number
consists of the following steps:
(a) Express the relative importance of each response by the linguistic term.
(b) Establish a formal scale system that can convert linguistic terms into their
corresponding fuzzy numbers.
(c) Find a conversion scale that matches all of the linguistic terms.

11. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The numerical example concentrates mainly on
illustration of the cases derived in the previous
section and demonstrating the effectiveness of the
proposed model.
Sửa đổi
The numerical example illustrates the cases
derived in the previous section and demonstrates
the effectiveness of the proposed model.

12. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The most frequent issues encountered in multi-response
problems are resolving the conflict among responses, dealing
with a different measurement unit for each response, and to
assign a set of weights to the current information about the
relative response of each problem.
Sửa đổi
The most frequent issues encountered in multi-response
problems are resolving the conflict among responses, dealing
with a different measurement unit for each response, and
assigning a set of weights to the current information about the
relative response of each problem.

13. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The two responses can be optimized on the basis of
determination of the optimal settings for factors B, C, D, E,
F and G and to set factor A at level 1 and to set factor H at
level 3.
Sửa đổi
The two responses can be optimized on the basis of
determining the optimal settings for factors B, C, D, E, F
and G, while setting factor A at level 1 and factor H at level
3.

14. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The committee made a decision to set a
new agenda and that the meeting should be
adjourned.
Sửa đổi
The committee decided to set a new agenda
and adjourn the meeting.

15. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The robust design focuses not only on collecting
data accumulated from the designed experiment,
but also that the results obtained by using
Taguchi's two-step procedure are compared.
Sửa đổi
The robust design focuses not only on collecting
data accumulated from the designed experiment,
but also on comparing the results obtained by
using Taguchi's two-step procedure.

16. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The proposed project is promising, creative,
and has innovative ideas.
Sửa đổi
The proposed project is promising, creative,
and innovative.

17. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
Incomplete data is commonly referred to as
censored data and often occurs when the
response variable is time to failure, e.g.,
accelerated life testing.
Sửa đổi
Incomplete data, commonly referred to as
censored data, often occurs when the response
variable is time to failure, e.g., accelerated life
testing.

18. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
Their method suggested either using iterative least
squares (ILS) to analyze censored data or the
initial fit is used to estimate the expected failure
time for each censored observation.
Sửa đổi
Their method suggested using either iterative least
squares (ILS) to analyze censored data or the
initial fit to estimate the expected failure time for
each censored observation.

19. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The TOPSIS value for each trial and the optimal factor/level combination
can be determined in the following steps:
Apply equations (4) ~ (8) to compute the relative closeness of each trial.
The TOPSIS value in the ith trial is set to the designated value.
The factor effects based on the TOPSIS value are estimated.
Determine the optimal control factors and their levels.
Sửa đổi
The TOPSIS value for each trial and the optimal factor/level combination
can be determined in the following steps:
Apply equations (4) ~ (8) to compute the relative closeness of each trial.
Set the TOPSIS value in the ith trial to the designated value.
Estimate the factor effects based on TOPSIS value.
Determine the optimal control factors and their levels.

20. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The systems manager is in no case responsible for
combining the experimental design techniques with quality
loss considerations and careful consideration of how the
various factors affect performance variation.
Sửa đổi
The systems manager is in no case responsible for
combining the experimental design techniques with quality
loss considerations and carefully considering how the
various factors affect performance variation.

21. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
Herein, TOPSIS is applied to reduce the computational
complexity, satisfy Taguchi's quality's loss, and finding
a performance measurement index for each trial.
Sửa đổi
Herein, TOPSIS is applied to reduce the computational
complexity, satisfy Taguchi's quality's loss, and find a
performance measurement index for each trial.

22. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The proposed procedure is employed for transformation of the
relative importance of each response, to compute the quality
loss, determination of the TOPSIS value, to select the optimal
factor/level combination, and analysis of a confirmation
experiment.
Sửa đổi
The proposed procedure is employed to transform the relative
importance of each response, compute the quality loss,
determine the TOPSIS value, select the optimal factor/level
combination, and analyze a confirmation experiment.

23. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The engineer makes an adjustment of the
processing parameters and that the shop
floor layout is finalized.
Sửa đổi
The engineer adjusts the processing
parameters and finalizes the shop floor
layout.

24. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The proposed mechanism is adaptive,
flexible, efficient, and can be applied in a
factory setting.
Sửa đổi
The proposed mechanism is adaptive,
flexible, efficient, and applicable in a factory
setting.

25. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
This section not only presents a numerical example,
but also the effectiveness of the proposed GA-based
procedure for cell formation problems is demonstrated.
Sửa đổi
This section not only presents a numerical example,
but also demonstrates the effectiveness of the
proposed GA-based procedure for cell formation
problems.

26. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The censored data contain less information
than complete data and analysis is made
more difficult to perform.
Sửa đổi
The censored data contain less information
than complete data and make analysis more
difficult to perform.

27. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The proposed model not only performs
diagnostic checking, but also the optimal
factor/level combination is determined.
Sửa đổi
The proposed model not only performs
diagnostic checking, but also determines the
optimal factor/level combination.

28. Ví dụ
Nguyên mẫu
The procedure to determine the optimal factor/level combination in a multi-response problem is described as
follows:
Step 1: Estimate the factor effects.
A. The factor effects are plotted and the main effects on MRSN are tabulated.
B. Plot the factor efforts and tabulate the main effects on the mean response for the nominal-the-best case.
Step 2: The optimal control factors and their levels are determined.
A. Find the control factor that significantly affects MRSN.
B. The optimum level for each control factor is determined.
Step 3: The optimal adjustment factors are determined.
Sửa đổi
The procedure to determine the optimal factor/level combination in a multi-response problem is described as
follows:
Step 1: Estimate the factor effects.
A. Plot the factor effects and tabulate the main effects on MRSN.
B. Plot the factor efforts and tabulate the main effects on the mean response for the nominal-the-best case.
Step 2: Determine the optimal control factors and their levels.
A. Find the control factor that significantly affects MRSN.
B. Determine the optimum level for each control factor.
Step 3: Determine the optimal adjustment factors.

29. Tài liệu tham khảo
• Knoy, T (1999) Editing Workbook for
Chinese Technical Writers. Taipei: Yang
Chih Publishing
www.chineseowl.idv.tw/html/b4.htm
• Knoy, T (2000) Advanced Copyediting
Practice for Chinese Technical Writers.
Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing
www.chineseowl.idv.tw/html/b5.htm

30. Further details can be found at
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw