Absolute value equations can be solved by isolating the absolute value expression, setting up two equations where one drops the absolute value bars and the other negates the expression inside, and solving each equation. For example, to solve 6|5x + 2| = 312, one would isolate the absolute value term to get |5x + 2| = 52, set up the equations 5x + 2 = 52 and 5x + 2 = -52, solve to get x = 10 and x = -10.8, and check that the solutions satisfy the original equation.