The document discusses human anatomy and anatomical terminology. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure of the body. It then explains key anatomical positions and planes used to describe the orientation of structures in the body, including: frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes; lateral and medial; distal and proximal; anterior and posterior; superior and inferior; and supine and prone. Key terms like superficial, deep, abduction, adduction, dorsal, and ventral are also defined.

1. ANATOMY OF HUMAN BODY
• Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of the body.
Subject Year of the study Hours in week
Anatomy
‫تشريح‬
First Year Theory Practice Total
2 2 4
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
The standard position in which the
body is standing with feet together, arms
to the side, and head, eyes, and palms
facing forward.
Anatomy is the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of
humans, animals, and other living organisms

2. Anatomical Planes
Frontal(Coronal)
-vertical; splits the
body into front and
back halves
Sagittal
-vertical; splits the
body into left and
right halves
Transverse
-horizontal; splits
the body into upper
and lower halves

3. If you mentioned lateral for both, then you
got it correct!
LATERAL AND MEDIAL
3
Lateral: away from the midline of the body
Medial: towards the midline
For Example:
1. Your ears are lateral to your cheeks
2. Your cheeks are medial to that of your ears
Now lets try a few on your own!
The hand is (medial or lateral) to that of
your stomach.
The shoulder is (medial or lateral) to that of
your neck.
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS

4. DISTAL AND PROXIMAL
4
u
r
Distal: towards the lower segment of a limb
Proximal: towards the upper segment of a limb
For Example:
1. Your hand is distal to that of your shoulder joint.
2. Your elbow is proximal to that of your hand.
Now let’s try a few on your own!
The knee is (distal or proximal) to that of
your waist‫الخصر‬ .
The thigh‫الفخذ‬ is (distal or proximal) to that of
your shin bone‫الساق‬ ‫عظم‬ .
If you answered distal for the first question and proximal for the
second question, you are on the right track!

5. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR
5
Anterior: in front of or front of your body
Posterior: behind or back of your body
For Example:
- Your lips are anterior to your teeth.
- Your tongue is posterior to your teeth.
Now lets try a few on our own!
The chest is anterior or posterior?
The toe is anterior or posterior of the
ankle?‫الكاحل‬
If you answered anterior to both those
questions, you are on the right track!

6. SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR
6
Superior: Above
Inferior: Below
For Example:
1. Your lips are superior to your chin
‫الذقن‬
2. Your ribs are inferior to your head.
3. Your knee is superior to your ankle.
Now let’s try a few on our own!
1-The shin bone is superior or inferior to that
of your arm.
2-The wrist is superior or inferior of your
elbow.
Superior
Inferior
If you answered inferior for both of them then you
are on the right track!

7. SUPINE AND PRONE
Supine: ‫مستلق‬
:
- lying on back
- example: when laying in bed
Prone: ‫منبطح‬
:
- lying face-down
- example: when doing
- a push-up
9
Prone position
Supine position

8. Another Terms
• Superficial- on or close to the surface of the body
• Deep- farther away from the surface of the body
Abduction
-movement away from the medial plane
Adduction
-movement towards the medial plane
• Dorsal is a surface of an organism refers to the back, or
upper side, If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the
top.
• Ventral is a surface refers to the front, or lower side

9. ANATOMICAL
POSITIONS
So you have just reviewed the some set of anatomical positions!
1. The Anatomical Position- person standing erect with palms, feet, and head facingforward.
2. lateral- away from the midline of body
3. medial- towards midline of body
4. distal- to farther end of limb
5. proximal- closer end of limb
6. anterior- front of something or facing the front
7. posterior- behind something or facing the back
8. superior- above
9. inferior- below
10. supine- laying on back
11. prone- laying face-down (or usually on stomach)