More teens now use e-cigarettes than traditional tobacco cigarettes or any other tobacco product according to a national study. Specifically, 9% of 8th graders and 16% of 10th graders reported using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days compared to only 4% and 7% respectively reporting tobacco cigarette use. E-cigarette use has grown rapidly among teens in recent years and may serve as a gateway to nicotine addiction and reversal of long-term declines in youth smoking. However, many teens do not view e-cigarettes as harmful to health. Further research is still needed to fully understand the long-term health impacts of e-cigarette use.
FIGHTING THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE BY ADOLESCENTS: A CASE STUDY OF ZENGEZA 4 ...John1Lorcan
The main objective of the study was to identify the effects of drug use and abuse at Zengeza 4 High School in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design. The study employed a mixed method approach. The study used interviews and surveys as data collection tools. The study revealed that poor academic performance, school drop-outs, early marriages, aggressive and violent behaviour are the major effects of drug use/abuse by adolescents in schools. The study recommended that both parents and teachers should strongly educate and encourage adolescents in school to desist from all forms of drug use or abuse for whatever reasons. Adolescents should always seek help from caregivers and parents whenever they face any life threatening situations
FIGHTING THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE BY ADOLESCENTS: A CASE STUDY OF ZENGEZA 4 ...John1Lorcan
The main objective of the study was to identify the effects of drug use and abuse at Zengeza 4 High School in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design. The study employed a mixed method approach. The study used interviews and surveys as data collection tools. The study revealed that poor academic performance, school drop-outs, early marriages, aggressive and violent behaviour are the major effects of drug use/abuse by adolescents in schools. The study recommended that both parents and teachers should strongly educate and encourage adolescents in school to desist from all forms of drug use or abuse for whatever reasons. Adolescents should always seek help from caregivers and parents whenever they face any life threatening situations
During the past century, social policies and programs for Nigerian children, youth, and families have undergone frequent shifts in philosophy and direction. Many policy frameworks, such as selective legibility universal prevention, rehabilitation, and punishment, have contributed to the conceptual bases for services, programs, and interventions designed for young people. However, the most consistent characteristic of Nigerian social policy for children and families may be the sheer inconsistency of efforts aimed at helping the nation’s most vulnerable populations. Recent advances in understanding the developmental processes associated with the onset and persistence of childhood and adolescent problems warrant new thinking about policies and programs., we have learned more about why some children and adolescents develop social and health problems, and in the case of such problems as sexually transmitted infections, drug use, and delinquency why some youths make choices that lead to poor outcomes at home and in school and the community. Unfortunately, this knowledge is not yet systematically applied to policy or program design, which results in poorly specified, inadequately integrated, and wastefully duplicated services for children and families. The motivation for this volume comes from the growing recognition that knowledge gained from understanding the developmental trajectories of children who experience social and health problems must be used to craft more effective policies and programs.
This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of sexting behaviour among undergraduates in Kwara State. The population for this study comprised all undergraduates in Kwara State while the target population was undergraduates of three universities in the Kwara States. A stratified sampling the technique was used to categorise universities based on ownership (Federal, State and Private) as well as gender. A random sampling technique was used to select 100 undergraduates from each university, totaling 300 respondents. A researcher-designed questionnaire titled Prevalence and Determinants of Sexting Behaviour Questionnaire (PASODOEBEQ) was used to elicit information from sampled respondents. The instrument was validated by experts in Sociology of Education and Educational Psychology. Test re-test method of reliability was applied to test the reliability of the instrument, using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics. The coefficient value of 0.86r was derived. The data collected were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation and Multiple Regression Statistical Tool. The result of the findings revealed that sexting behaviour is prevalent among undergraduates and low self-esteem and peer association are significant determinants. The study recommended among others that schools authorities as a matter of fact should organize a sensitization workshop or seminar for undergraduates on the meaning, ripple effects and the punishment associated with sexting behaviour for necessary social adjustment.
Over 36% of high school students in New York City vape daily. 68% of e-cigarette sales come from Juul. 400k students in NYC alone have tried electronic cigarettes.
Presentation by Professor Candace Currie from the Health Behaviour in School-age Children programme (HBSC) gives a study overview; discussion of risk behaviours among adolescents across Europe and North America; discussion of social determinants of risk behaviours; evidence for policy makers; and a case study of HBSC in Scotland
During the past century, social policies and programs for Nigerian children, youth, and families have undergone frequent shifts in philosophy and direction. Many policy frameworks, such as selective legibility universal prevention, rehabilitation, and punishment, have contributed to the conceptual bases for services, programs, and interventions designed for young people. However, the most consistent characteristic of Nigerian social policy for children and families may be the sheer inconsistency of efforts aimed at helping the nation’s most vulnerable populations. Recent advances in understanding the developmental processes associated with the onset and persistence of childhood and adolescent problems warrant new thinking about policies and programs., we have learned more about why some children and adolescents develop social and health problems, and in the case of such problems as sexually transmitted infections, drug use, and delinquency why some youths make choices that lead to poor outcomes at home and in school and the community. Unfortunately, this knowledge is not yet systematically applied to policy or program design, which results in poorly specified, inadequately integrated, and wastefully duplicated services for children and families. The motivation for this volume comes from the growing recognition that knowledge gained from understanding the developmental trajectories of children who experience social and health problems must be used to craft more effective policies and programs.
This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of sexting behaviour among undergraduates in Kwara State. The population for this study comprised all undergraduates in Kwara State while the target population was undergraduates of three universities in the Kwara States. A stratified sampling the technique was used to categorise universities based on ownership (Federal, State and Private) as well as gender. A random sampling technique was used to select 100 undergraduates from each university, totaling 300 respondents. A researcher-designed questionnaire titled Prevalence and Determinants of Sexting Behaviour Questionnaire (PASODOEBEQ) was used to elicit information from sampled respondents. The instrument was validated by experts in Sociology of Education and Educational Psychology. Test re-test method of reliability was applied to test the reliability of the instrument, using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics. The coefficient value of 0.86r was derived. The data collected were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation and Multiple Regression Statistical Tool. The result of the findings revealed that sexting behaviour is prevalent among undergraduates and low self-esteem and peer association are significant determinants. The study recommended among others that schools authorities as a matter of fact should organize a sensitization workshop or seminar for undergraduates on the meaning, ripple effects and the punishment associated with sexting behaviour for necessary social adjustment.
Over 36% of high school students in New York City vape daily. 68% of e-cigarette sales come from Juul. 400k students in NYC alone have tried electronic cigarettes.
Presentation by Professor Candace Currie from the Health Behaviour in School-age Children programme (HBSC) gives a study overview; discussion of risk behaviours among adolescents across Europe and North America; discussion of social determinants of risk behaviours; evidence for policy makers; and a case study of HBSC in Scotland
Running head DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION1DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION.docxjeanettehully
Running head: DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 1
DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 6
Drug Abuse and Addiction
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Public Safety Issue: Drug Abuse and Addiction
Public safety issue refers to any problem which threatens the wellbeing of people and prosperity of communities. A solution to such challenges is crucial in order to ensure that safety of people is protected and safeguarded. The issue of drug abuse and concern among school going teenagers has become a major problem in United States. According to a survey conducted by Monitoring the Future (MTF), on average, 29 percent of the school kids between grades 8, 10, and 12 were found to be using drugs. This has raised a major concern that requires the government to work closely with relevant public safety organizations in order to contain this issue.
Research Topic: The Importance of Introducing Drug Abuse Unit in The Curriculum of the American Education System
Overview
According to findings of Monitoring the Future survey released in 2018, there is a significant increase in number of school going youths engaging in drug abuse activities. Marijuana, opioid abuse, alcohol, synthetic drugs, tobacco, and nicotine are among the top drugs and substances abused by teenagers and school going kids. These statistics are alarming since they present one of the major challenge to the wellbeing and prosperity of the future generation. Many anti-drug abuse and addiction organizations such as National Institutes on Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have been working relentlessly to curb this rising level of drug abuse and addiction among teenagers. Despite all the efforts by these organizations, their programs have failed to achieve any substantial success as far the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers is concerned. This research is aimed at exploring the relevant literature from books, peer-reviewed journals, publications, and other academic effort in the effort to present the dire need to integrate drug abuse into the curriculum of the American education system. The findings of the research will be a boost to the government and other public safety organizations in the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers and school going youths.
Annotated Bibliography
Duncan, D. T., Palamar, J. J., & Williams, J. H. (2014). Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among US high school seniors. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 9(1), 35.
The paper explores the problem of marijuana use among the students in U.S. high schools. Notably, more than 45.5 percent of the respondents revealed that they have used marijuana once on their lifetime while the other 36.4 percent revealing that they have used marijuana in the last one year. Additionally, another 22.7 percent of the respondents noting that they have been consta ...
CON T EMPORARYP ED I AT R I C S . C O M A U G U S T 2 0.docxmccormicknadine86
CON T EMPORARYP ED I AT R I C S . C O M | A U G U S T 2 01724
PEER-REVIEWED FEATURE
Teen
Vaping
Dr Douglass is DNP program
director and assistant
clinical professor, DNP
Program and Nurse
Practitioner Programs,
Drexel University College
of Nursing and Health
Professions, Division of
Nursing, Graduate Nursing
Programs, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
Dr Solecki is assistant
clinical professor of nursing,
DNP Program and Nurse
Practitioner Programs, Drexel
University College of Nursing
and Health Professions,
Division of Nursing,
Graduate Nursing Programs,
Philadelphia. The authors
have nothing to disclose in
regard to affiliations with
or financial interests in any
organizations that may have
an interest in any part of this
article.
The vaping culture of using non–cigarette
tobacco and electronic nicotine delivery
systems (ENDS) is the latest risky trend
among adolescents and young adults. Vap-
ing is the use of high-tech, advanced elec-
tronic devices such as electronic cigarettes
(e-cigarettes), refillable atomizers, and
other tobacco products as an alternative
or in addition to regular cigarettes.1 A con-
cerning 10-fold to 11-fold rapid rise noted
in middle and high school students poses
dangers of nicotine exposure to the pediat-
ric population.2
This article will explore the risk-taking
behavior of adolescents engaging in vaping;
the effects of vaping and the indiscriminate
use of nicotine products on the young; and
strategies that healthcare providers can use
to collaborate with patients and families to
reduce their risk of harm from this emerging
public health epidemic.
Background
The first e-cigarette was conceptualized
and patented in 1965 by Herbert Gilbert as
a safe and harmless modality to smoking
cigarettes.3,4 In 2003, an electronic atomiz-
er version was patented by Ruyan Technol-
ogy in China, marketed to the United States
in 2007, and touted as a healthier alternative
to smoking conventional cigarettes.3 Since
the emergence of Ruyan’s first-generation
e-cigarette, novel models have emerged in
design, engineering, and nicotine delivery
methods resulting in second-, third-, and
fourth-generation ENDS delivery devices.4
Modern generation devices have included
mid-sized e-cigarettes known as personal va-
porizers (PVs), which are similar to a pen or
laser pointer.4 The advanced personal vapor-
izers (APVs) contain a mechanical firing de-
vice called a “mod” (short for “modification”)
that may be used in conjunction with differ-
ent atomizers (tank systems), and they vary in
size, shape, and delivery methods. The most
innovative and advanced devices, however,
are regulated “vape mods,” which contain
an internal circuitry. Lingo used among the
diversity of delivery devices includes vapes,
vape pens, e-cigs, e-hookahs, mods, and tank
systems.3,4
Regardless of the novel delivery devices,
use ...
The Impact of Trying Electronic Cigarettes on CigaretteSmoki.docxrtodd33
The Impact of Trying Electronic Cigarettes on Cigarette
Smoking by College Students: A Prospective Analysis
Erin L. Sutfin, PhD, Beth A. Reboussin, PhD, Beata Debinski, MHS, Kimberly G. Wagoner, DrPH, MPH, John Spangler, MD, MPH, and Mark Wolfson, PhD
There has been considerable growth in the
availability, marketing, sales, and use of elec-
tronic nicotine delivery systems, often referred
to as “e-cigarettes,” over the past several years.
Product sales in the United States have doubled
every year since 2008, and securities analysts
estimate the e-cigarette market is now approx-
imately a $2.5 billion industry.1 E-cigarette use
has rapidly increased among adolescents and
adults. From 2011 to 2012, rates of ever using
e-cigarettes among US middle and high school
students doubled from 3.3% to 6.8%.2 Similar
increases have been seen among US adults.3,4
Recent data suggest that e-cigarette use is
highest among young adults. Data from the
2012---2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey
show that young adults aged18 to 24 years had
a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use (8.3%)
than did the adult population as a whole
(4.2%).5 Similarly, with data from dual frame
surveys of national probability samples of
adults, McMillen et al. found that current
e-cigarette use in 2013 by young adults aged18
to 24 years (14.2%) was higher than was that
among adults aged 25 to 44 years (8.6%), 45
to 65 years (5.5%), and older than 65 years
(1.2%).4
Available data on e-cigarette use by college
students are limited, with most coming from
single-state or individual campus studies.6---9
College students are an important group to
study for several reasons. First, young adult-
hood is a period of many life transitions and
accompanying stress.10 The tobacco industry is
well aware of this vulnerable period and
recognizes it as a promising period for tobacco
use initiation and transition to addiction.11
Thus, college students are a target market for
the tobacco industry.11,12 College students are
often early adopters of novel products and
have historically been at the forefront of
societal changes in substance use that later
materialize in the general population.13 In
a cross-sectional study of college students in
North Carolina in 2009, Sutfin et al.6 found
that college students’ lifetime prevalence of
e-cigarette use was 4.9%, which was higher
than were rates of use among other adults at
the time,14,15 suggesting that college students
were early adopters of e-cigarettes.6
Additionally, there was an association be-
tween e-cigarette use and sensation seeking in
bivariate, but not multivariable, models. How-
ever, membership in Greek letter organizations
was associated with e-cigarette use in multi-
variable models. These data suggest that col-
lege students may be drawn to e-cigarettes
owing, at least in part, to their novelty. Finally,
college students are an important group to
study because they have a unique pattern of
cigarette smoking that is often marked by so.
Parrish Medical Center | survey finds support for banning e cigarettes for kidsParrish_Medical_Center
One of America's Finest Healing Environments Located in Titusville Florida specializing in Cardiology, Neurology, Joint & Spine, Obstetrics Cancer treatment-Our approach to health and wellness blends the science of evidence based medicine with the art of healing experiences.
Causal Argument Essay
Qualitative Research Summary
Social Learning Theory
Teenage Alcohol Abuse Essay
Essay On Causal Argument
Jeremy Rifkin Enemies Of Promise
Confirmation Bias Essay
Causal Essay
Factors Influencing Alcoholism and Drug Abuse among College Students with Spe...ijtsrd
Factors such as peer pressure, physical and sexual abuse, early exposure to drugs, stress, and parental guidance can greatly affect a persons likelihood of drug use and addiction. Genetic and environmental factors interact with critical developmental stages in a persons life to affect addiction risk. Beginning today, the Narcotics Intelligence Bureau NIB will be coordinating with the School and Higher Education Departments to kick off a State wide campaign to increase awareness about the ill effects of drug abuse among school and college students. ”œNearly 10 of the drugs that flows into the State, especially ganja are supplied to college students. Ganja and pharmaceutical drugs are mostly used by the students,” said Abash Kumar. Research design The researcher followed descriptive research design for the study. Universe of the study 500 College students were chosen for information assortment the examining technique embraced for the current investigation is Non Probability sampling. For the current examination the scientist utilize purposive testing technique to gather information from guardians. Tools for data collection The Researcher Used Questionnaire as Tool of Data Collection. Drug Abuse Scale developed by Gregory Zimet 2016 , this schedule has 27 statements. The study conclude that 16 of the respondents are high level of alcohol and drug use, 72 of the respondents are moderate level of alcohol and drug use, 12 of the respondents are low level of alcohol and drug use. Dr. P. Natarajan | S. Amrithavarshini | G. J. Dheetchana | J. Sivagurunathan | Taniya Susan Reji "Factors Influencing Alcoholism and Drug Abuse among College Students with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/56338/factors-influencing-alcoholism-and-drug-abuse-among-college-students-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/dr-p-natarajan
Social Media and Substance Abuse Implication for Preventive Strategies among ...ijtsrd
Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem all over the world. Substances are consumed by both male and female adolescents, and pose a serious threat to the consumers and the society as at large. The causes of substance abuse are numerous and varied. It is imperative to seek ways to curb this malice that is threatening the welfare of Cameroonians individually, economically and even socially. This study sets out to ascertain the extent to which the social media influence substance abuse among adolescents in urban schools in Cameroon, and to determine preventive strategies. The concurrent nested mixed method research design was used to carry out the study. The Simple Random sampling was adopted in the selection of public, mission and private schools from four regions of Cameroon, classrooms in each school and 375 students. Purposive sampling was used to select discipline masters and guidance counsellors. A questionnaire of 10 items was used to collect data from the students and an interview guide to collect data from the discipline masters and guidance counsellors. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using spearman rho test, through SPSS version 25.The findings showed that social media significantly predicted substance abuse among adolescent students R= 0.258 , P= 0.000 0.05 . Finally, findings showed that at zero order correlation when the preventive strategies were not involved in the correlation analysis, the coefficient value was 0.374 but, when the correlation was controlled by the preventive strategies, the coefficient value increased from 0.374 to 0.908 of almost a perfect relationship 1 . The study concluded that the social media influence drug abuse among adolescent students in urban schools in Cameroon. From the study it was recommended that research be carried out to determine the effects of drugs on students’ performance, health and the society. Chefuh Patricia Asoh | Dr. Bongwung Bruno "Social Media and Substance Abuse: Implication for Preventive Strategies among Adolescent Students in Urban Schools in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51927.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/51927/social-media-and-substance-abuse-implication-for-preventive-strategies-among-adolescent-students-in-urban-schools-in-cameroon/chefuh-patricia-asoh
Exploration of research on effects e-cigarette use and quality of life among college students in Louisville, KY.
City on Science reviews and discusses local research to increase the scientific knowledge and curiosity of the people of the Louisville Metropolitan Area. Our goal is to develop a collaborative agenda of future research topics and questions that matter to the community.
The Insight of Young People toward Drugs and Chemical Abuse in Zimbabweijtsrd
The abuse of drugs and chemicals among the young people is a silent pandemic which needs collective intervention. The young people are the pillar of development in the world over. The behavior of abusing drugs is seen as a fashionby the young people and effects has paralyzed the developmental milestones within communities. The aim of this research was to explore the insights of drugs and chemical abuse among the youth in Zimbabwe. The word chemicals has been used interchangeably with the word substance in this study. The study is a qualitative research which is backed with the descriptive research design. Data was collected from the young people from the age of 12 to 36 years through a purposive snow balling and convenience sample since taking of some drugs is a secrete act. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze data gathered from the participants who resides in Kadoma area. The study found that there are different factors which had forced the young to participate in the uptake of drugs which are poverty, peer pressure, lack parental guidance, experimentation, genetic dispossession and depression. The study also found that young people have moved from predominately abusing marijuana alone and jump to use complex substances such as bronclee ngoma , powder extracted from energy saver bulbs, mutoriro, mangemba, ital, tablets white, blue and pink pill , cocaine and mangemba. The research predicts that young people can use drugs to revolt against their elders due to the influence of drugs. It was recommended to put in place strict sanction to anyone found in possession with drugs. Brenda Palesa Makumbe | Prince Dzingirayi "The Insight of Young People toward Drugs and Chemical Abuse in Zimbabwe" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49908.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/49908/the-insight-of-young-people-toward-drugs-and-chemical-abuse-in-zimbabwe/brenda-palesa-makumbe
108
E
lectronic cigarettes, or “e-cigarettes,” are de-
vices that consist of a battery-operated ele-
ment which heats a mixture of propylene gly-
col, vegetable glycerin, liquid nicotine and flavor-
ings for the user to inhale. Whereas their overall
safety, as well as their role in smoking cessation, is
the topic of ongoing debate,1 there is no doubt that
the prevalence of e-cigarette use has increased rap-
idly among all age groups.2,3 Among adolescents,
nationally-representative estimates indicate that
past 30-day use for e-cigarettes is higher than con-
ventional cigarettes, and a considerable proportion
of e-cigarette users are dual users of cigarettes.4
That is, a nontrivial number of adolescents—2.2%
of 8th graders, 4.3% of 10th graders and 7.3% of
12th graders— reported using both e-cigarettes and
cigarettes in the past 30 days.4 Several e-cigarette
product features are raising concerns about the
potential to appeal to youth. For example, charac-
teristics such as candy flavorings and easy access
have been implicated as reasons for youth experi-
mentation.5 E-cigarettes also are marketed heavily
on the Internet. A content analysis of e-cigarette
retail websites found frequent appeals to youth
such as use by celebrities, enhanced social activ-
ity, and romance.6
Adolescent Dual Product Use
Increasingly, youth who use tobacco products
are using more than one type of product.7,8 Be-
tween 2002 and 2011, rates of poly-tobacco use
increased significantly among users under age 26.9
According to estimates from the National Youth To-
bacco Survey, the majority of current tobacco us-
ers in middle and high school report use of more
than one tobacco product.10,11 Thus, use of mul-
tiple tobacco products by youth is more common
than exclusive use of one product alone. As such,
it is important to understand the correlates asso-
ciated with and characteristics of adolescent us-
ers of multiple tobacco products. To date, evidence
Maria Cooper, Post-doctoral Fellow, Kathleen R. Case, Pre-
doctoral Fellow, MeLisa R. Creamer, Faculty Associate, and
Cheryl L. Perry, Professor and Regional Dean, University of
Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public
Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX. Alexandra Lou-
kas, Professor, University of Texas at Austin, Department of
Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, TX.
Contact Dr Loukas; [email protected]
E-cigarette Dual Users, Exclusive Users
and Perceptions of Tobacco Products
Maria Cooper, PhD; Kathleen R. Case, MPH; Alexandra Loukas, PhD;
MeLisa R. Creamer, PhD; Cheryl L. Perry, PhD
Objectives: We examined differences in
the characteristics of youth non-users,
cigarette-only, e-cigarette-only, and dual
e-cigarette and cigarette users. Methods:
Using weighted, representative data, lo-
gistic regression analyses were conducted
to examine differences in demographic
characteristics and tobacco use behav-
iors across tobacco usage groups. Multi-
ple l.
1. Dec. 16, 2014
Contacts: Jared Wadley, (734) 936-7819, jwadley@umich.edu
Ariel Bronson (734) 647-1083, mtfinformation@umich.edu
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE AT 12:01 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, DEC. 16, 2014
Note: Video explaining the results is available at http://youtu.be/9lpJO7j3k8U
E-cigarettes surpass tobacco cigarettes among teens
ANN ARBOR—In 2014, more teens use e-cigarettes than traditional, tobacco cigarettes or any
other tobacco product—the first time a U.S. national study shows that teen use of e-cigarettes
surpasses use of tobacco cigarettes.
These findings come from the University of Michigan's Monitoring the Future study, which
tracks trends in substance use among students in 8th, 10th and 12th grades. Each year the
national study, now in its 40th year, surveys 40,000 to 50,000 students in about 400 secondary
schools throughout the United States.
"As one of the newest smoking-type products in recent years, e-cigarettes have made rapid
inroads into the lives of American adolescents," said Richard Miech, a senior investigator of the
study.
The survey asked students whether they had used an e-cigarette or a tobacco cigarette in the past
30 days. More than twice as many 8th- and 10th-graders reported using e-cigarettes as reported
using tobacco cigarettes.
Specifically, 9 percent of 8th-graders reported using an e-cigarette in the past 30 days, while only
4 percent reported using a tobacco cigarette. In 10th grade, 16 percent reported using an e-
cigarette and 7 percent reported using a tobacco cigarette. Among 12th-graders, 17 percent
reported e-cigarette use and 14 percent reported use of a tobacco cigarette.
The older teens report less difference in use of e-cigarettes versus tobacco cigarettes.
"This could be a result of e-cigarettes being relatively new," said Lloyd Johnston, principal
investigator of the project. "So today's 12th-graders may not have had the opportunity to begin
using them when they were younger. Future surveys should be able to tell us if that is the case."
E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices with a heating element. They produce an aerosol, or
vapor, that users inhale. Typically, this vapor contains nicotine, although the specific contents of
the vapor are proprietary and are not regulated. The liquid that is vaporized in e-cigarettes comes
in hundreds of flavors. Some of these flavors, such as bubble gum and milk chocolate cream, are
likely attractive to younger teens.
2. E-cigarettes may serve as a point of entry into the use of nicotine, an addictive drug. The
percentages of all youth in each grade who used e-cigarettes in the prior 30 days, but had never
smoked a cigarette in their lives, ranged from 4 percent to 7 percent in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades.
For these youth, e-cigarettes are a primary source of nicotine and not a supplement to tobacco
cigarette use. Whether youth who use e-cigarettes exclusively later go on to become tobacco
cigarette smokers is yet to be determined by this study, and is of substantial concern to the public
health community.
E-cigarette use among youth offsets a long-term decline in the use of tobacco cigarettes, which is
at a historic low in the life of the study—now in its 40th year. In 2014, the prevalence of
smoking tobacco cigarettes in the past 30 days was 8 percent for students in 8th, 10th and 12th
grades combined. This is a significant decline from 10 percent in 2013, and is less than a third of
the most recent high of 28 percent in 1998.
One important cause of the decline in smoking is that many fewer young people today have ever
started to smoke tobacco cigarettes. In 2014, only 23 percent of students had ever tried tobacco
cigarettes, as compared to 56 percent in 1998. Of particular concern is the possibility that e-
cigarettes may lead to tobacco cigarette smoking, and reverse this hard-won, long-term decline.
"Part of the reason for the popularity of e-cigarettes is the perception among teens that they do
not harm health," Miech said.
Only 15 percent of 8th-graders think there is a great risk of people harming themselves with
regular use of e-cigarettes. This compares to 62 percent of 8th-graders who think there is a great
risk of people harming themselves by smoking one or more packs of tobacco cigarettes a day.
Because e-cigarettes are relatively new, a comprehensive assessment of their health impact—
especially their long-term consequences—has yet to be developed.
Tables and figures associated with this release may be accessed at: http://monitoringthefuture.org/data/
data.html
# # # # #
Monitoring the Future has been funded under a series of competing, investigator-initiated
research grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, one of the National Institutes of
Health. The lead investigators, in addition to Lloyd Johnston, are Patrick O'Malley, Jerald
Bachman, John Schulenberg, and most recently Richard Miech—all research professors at the
University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research.
Surveys of nationally representative samples of American high school seniors were begun in
1975, making the class of 2014 the 40th such class surveyed. Surveys of 8th- and 10th-graders
were added to the design in 1991, making the 2014 nationally representative samples the 24th
such classes surveyed. The 2014 samples total 41,551 students located in 377 secondary schools.
The samples are drawn separately at each grade level to be representative of students in that
grade in public and private secondary schools across the coterminous United States.
2
3. The findings summarized here will be published in January in a forthcoming volume: Johnston,
L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Miech, R.A., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2015). Monitoring
the Future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2014. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: Institute for Social Research, the University of Michigan. The content presented here is
solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the
National Institute on Drug Abuse or the National Institutes of Health.
This year's findings on alcohol and illicit drug use are presented in a separate companion
news release: http://monitoringthefuture.org/press.html
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