The document summarizes trends in smoking, drinking, and drug use among young people in England. It finds that rates of alcohol and tobacco consumption are declining, while rates of e-cigarette use are rising. Drug use peaks at age 15, with cannabis being the most commonly used illicit drug. New psychoactive substances were popular before being banned, but rates of use for these and other illicit drugs are generally low. The document advocates for comprehensive education programs in schools to build resilience, promote accurate social norms, and teach life skills to reduce substance use among youth.
Mentor_ Making it work:Systems thinking around prevention Mentor
This presentation explains why it is important to develop a community of practice around evidence based prevention. To implement sustainable evidence-based practice, it is crucial to work in partnerships as a connected ecosystem. This way various actors within the community will: develop best practices, build a strong evidence base for what works, and support each other in protecting children and young people from harm by building their self-efficacy and resilience to risk as they move through childhood and adolescence.
This is a presentation aimed at school leaders and governors addressing the key information and questions that schools should consider when considering their response to e-cigarettes. It draws on a briefing from the Alcohol and Drug Education and Prevention Information Service (ADEPIS). Find more information about ADEPIS http://mentor-adepis.org/
Improving Schools-Based Drug and Alcohol EducationMentor
This presentation was given at the Primary Care and Public Health 2016 Conference. It explores effective ways to improve school-based alcohol and drug education, ensuring the use and promotion of evidence based practice.
Identifying and supporting children affected by parental substance useMentor
Slides to accompany a resource for schools in England on children affected by parental substance use. Prepared by Adfam for the ADEPIS project.
http://mentor-adepis.org/
Mentor_ Making it work:Systems thinking around prevention Mentor
This presentation explains why it is important to develop a community of practice around evidence based prevention. To implement sustainable evidence-based practice, it is crucial to work in partnerships as a connected ecosystem. This way various actors within the community will: develop best practices, build a strong evidence base for what works, and support each other in protecting children and young people from harm by building their self-efficacy and resilience to risk as they move through childhood and adolescence.
This is a presentation aimed at school leaders and governors addressing the key information and questions that schools should consider when considering their response to e-cigarettes. It draws on a briefing from the Alcohol and Drug Education and Prevention Information Service (ADEPIS). Find more information about ADEPIS http://mentor-adepis.org/
Improving Schools-Based Drug and Alcohol EducationMentor
This presentation was given at the Primary Care and Public Health 2016 Conference. It explores effective ways to improve school-based alcohol and drug education, ensuring the use and promotion of evidence based practice.
Identifying and supporting children affected by parental substance useMentor
Slides to accompany a resource for schools in England on children affected by parental substance use. Prepared by Adfam for the ADEPIS project.
http://mentor-adepis.org/
School governors presentation - drugs and alcoholMentor
School governors help shape the strategies that schools use to try and prevent drug and alcohol use by their pupils and in supporting and putting boundaries around those young people who get into trouble with substance misuse. This presentation sets out how governors can improve the response of their school to these issues and how they can use that process to explain to Ofsted how they are helping their pupils to stay safe.
Protecting young people in the UK from designer drugs [UNODC expert panel, Ma...Mentor
Presentation by Emilio Torrini, Mentor research analyst.
"Designer drugs and Social Prevention" an event held as part of the 59th Session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs
14-22 March 2016, organised by The Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS).
ADEPIS seminar - Effekt (Orebro Prevention Programme) - N. KoutakisMentor
This is the presentation that Nikolaus Koutakis PHD, from Orebro University, Sweden, gave at the ADEPIS seminar 'Engaging parents in alcohol and drug education'. This evidence-based preventative programme works towards empowering parents to change their child behaviours towards alcohol use.
ADEPIS seminar - AET - Talking to kids about alcoholMentor
This is the presentation given by Helena Conibear from the Alcohol Education Trust at the ADEPIS seminar on Engaging parents in alcohol and drug education. This presentation stresses the importance of engaging parents in a conversation about alcohol.
ADEPIS seminar - Strengthening families - D. Allen - Oxford BrookesMentor
This presentation was given by Debby Allen from Oxford Brookes University to introduce the Strengthening Families Programme, an evidence-based programme aimed at strengthening the parent/carer child relationship in order to reduce alcohol and drug use and behavioural problems in adolescence.
Drug Aware is an intervention providing schools with resources and support by involving “whole school communities”, which includes young people, parents/carers, teachers and other school staff, as well as partners such as drug services and the police.
This presentation given by Steven Body at the ADEPIS seminar 'Engaging parents in alcohol and drug education' in Leeds, looks at the different services available in Leeds to support schools in better engaging with parents - by looking at the Healthy Schools tools, policy and curriculum development, and referral options to external supporting agencies.
ADEPIS seminar - Adfam - Involving families and support services in drug educ...Mentor
This presentation introduces the key messages that will be analysed by the forthcoming ADEPIS guidance document for schools 'Involving families affected by substance use in alcohol and drug education'.
A life course approach to preventing drugs & alcohol risks [March 2016 Int'l ...Mentor
A life-course approach to preventing drug and alcohol risks, presented at the Home Office's International Crime & Policing Conference 2016.
Presentation from Mentor CEO Michael O'Toole and Andrew Brown, formerly of DrugScope and now working with Mind and PHE.
School governors presentation - drugs and alcoholMentor
School governors help shape the strategies that schools use to try and prevent drug and alcohol use by their pupils and in supporting and putting boundaries around those young people who get into trouble with substance misuse. This presentation sets out how governors can improve the response of their school to these issues and how they can use that process to explain to Ofsted how they are helping their pupils to stay safe.
Protecting young people in the UK from designer drugs [UNODC expert panel, Ma...Mentor
Presentation by Emilio Torrini, Mentor research analyst.
"Designer drugs and Social Prevention" an event held as part of the 59th Session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs
14-22 March 2016, organised by The Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS).
ADEPIS seminar - Effekt (Orebro Prevention Programme) - N. KoutakisMentor
This is the presentation that Nikolaus Koutakis PHD, from Orebro University, Sweden, gave at the ADEPIS seminar 'Engaging parents in alcohol and drug education'. This evidence-based preventative programme works towards empowering parents to change their child behaviours towards alcohol use.
ADEPIS seminar - AET - Talking to kids about alcoholMentor
This is the presentation given by Helena Conibear from the Alcohol Education Trust at the ADEPIS seminar on Engaging parents in alcohol and drug education. This presentation stresses the importance of engaging parents in a conversation about alcohol.
ADEPIS seminar - Strengthening families - D. Allen - Oxford BrookesMentor
This presentation was given by Debby Allen from Oxford Brookes University to introduce the Strengthening Families Programme, an evidence-based programme aimed at strengthening the parent/carer child relationship in order to reduce alcohol and drug use and behavioural problems in adolescence.
Drug Aware is an intervention providing schools with resources and support by involving “whole school communities”, which includes young people, parents/carers, teachers and other school staff, as well as partners such as drug services and the police.
This presentation given by Steven Body at the ADEPIS seminar 'Engaging parents in alcohol and drug education' in Leeds, looks at the different services available in Leeds to support schools in better engaging with parents - by looking at the Healthy Schools tools, policy and curriculum development, and referral options to external supporting agencies.
ADEPIS seminar - Adfam - Involving families and support services in drug educ...Mentor
This presentation introduces the key messages that will be analysed by the forthcoming ADEPIS guidance document for schools 'Involving families affected by substance use in alcohol and drug education'.
A life course approach to preventing drugs & alcohol risks [March 2016 Int'l ...Mentor
A life-course approach to preventing drug and alcohol risks, presented at the Home Office's International Crime & Policing Conference 2016.
Presentation from Mentor CEO Michael O'Toole and Andrew Brown, formerly of DrugScope and now working with Mind and PHE.
Some of the most hotly debated aspects of legalized marijuana centre around our youth. How does cannabis use affect adolescent brains? What do parents need to know, given the legal consumption ages established by provincial governments?
Experts from UCalgary’s Cumming School of Medicine examine the scientific evidence we have so far on cannabinoids and adolescent brain development, and who might be at most risk. Learn why a public health approach to legalized cannabis is vital, and get practical advice on navigating the new realities of mainstream marijuana.
Watch the full webinar recording at: https://go.ucalgary.ca/2018-07-26URCannabisandyouth_LPRegistration.html
How did we get here the evolving epidemic of addictive disease in the united ...Mrsunny4
The opioid crisis in the US is part of the larger epidemic of Substance Use Disorder, an equal opportunity brain disease, affecting over 40 million children, teens and adults. Addiction does not respect age, gender, ethnicity, income or zip code
Running head DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION1DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION.docxjeanettehully
Running head: DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 1
DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 6
Drug Abuse and Addiction
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Public Safety Issue: Drug Abuse and Addiction
Public safety issue refers to any problem which threatens the wellbeing of people and prosperity of communities. A solution to such challenges is crucial in order to ensure that safety of people is protected and safeguarded. The issue of drug abuse and concern among school going teenagers has become a major problem in United States. According to a survey conducted by Monitoring the Future (MTF), on average, 29 percent of the school kids between grades 8, 10, and 12 were found to be using drugs. This has raised a major concern that requires the government to work closely with relevant public safety organizations in order to contain this issue.
Research Topic: The Importance of Introducing Drug Abuse Unit in The Curriculum of the American Education System
Overview
According to findings of Monitoring the Future survey released in 2018, there is a significant increase in number of school going youths engaging in drug abuse activities. Marijuana, opioid abuse, alcohol, synthetic drugs, tobacco, and nicotine are among the top drugs and substances abused by teenagers and school going kids. These statistics are alarming since they present one of the major challenge to the wellbeing and prosperity of the future generation. Many anti-drug abuse and addiction organizations such as National Institutes on Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have been working relentlessly to curb this rising level of drug abuse and addiction among teenagers. Despite all the efforts by these organizations, their programs have failed to achieve any substantial success as far the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers is concerned. This research is aimed at exploring the relevant literature from books, peer-reviewed journals, publications, and other academic effort in the effort to present the dire need to integrate drug abuse into the curriculum of the American education system. The findings of the research will be a boost to the government and other public safety organizations in the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers and school going youths.
Annotated Bibliography
Duncan, D. T., Palamar, J. J., & Williams, J. H. (2014). Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among US high school seniors. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 9(1), 35.
The paper explores the problem of marijuana use among the students in U.S. high schools. Notably, more than 45.5 percent of the respondents revealed that they have used marijuana once on their lifetime while the other 36.4 percent revealing that they have used marijuana in the last one year. Additionally, another 22.7 percent of the respondents noting that they have been consta ...
Mentor-ADEPIS: Social Emotional Learning (UNIQUE Behaviour Consultancy)Mentor
Mentor-ADEPIS Teacher Training
30 June 2017
Using Social-Emotional Learning to Empower Young People
Lauren Bond and Emma Dove
UNIQUE Behaviour Consultancy
Evidence based approaches to alcohol and drug prevention in schoolsMentor
Mentor UK / Mentor International webinar October 2017
This short webinar will introduce participants to evidence based approaches which can be adopted when delivering alcohol and drug education in classroom settings.
Watch the webinar on the final slide, or click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqcA-cA1MzA
Psychoactive Substance Act: Measuring its EffectivenessMentor
Presented by Jeremy Sare, Director of Policy and Communiations at Mentor UK on 24 May 2017.
For more information about NPS, visit http://mentoruk.org.uk/legal-highs/
The Psychoactive Substances Act: Measuring its EffectivenessMentor
Jeremy Sare, Director of Policy and Communications, presented this session at the UK NPS Conference on May 24th.
About the UK NPS Conference
This conference aims to take an objective view of the success of the Act and examine continuing threats to our communities caused by the use of NPS. There are certainly sectors where there are significant problems remaining. We want to focus on what are the best means of overcoming them.
Ecosystems of prevention: building local practice networks [EUSPR 2016]Mentor
Mentor UK undertook a review of the drug education provision in secondary schools across Brighton and Hove in Sept 2015-Feb 2016 to support evidence-based delivery at a local level. The process not only allowed Mentor to work closely with schools to understand the current capacity and expertise, but also made links and developed strategies to strengthen communication and collaboration with other relevant actors within the community. The case study was presented at this year's EUSPR conference in Berlin, to demonstrate effective strategies to support local agents to implement evidence based practice and develop strong prevention systems.
Mentor’s Quality Assurance services provide guidance and tools to support local capacity building through developing and strengthening sustainable prevention networks at a local level. The alcohol and drug education review in Brighton and Hove not only allowed Mentor to work closely with schools to understand the current capacity and expertise, but also made links and developed strategies to strengthen communication and collaboration with other relevant actors within the community.
The Role of Education & Prevention in Reducing Prevalence of NPS [January 2016]Mentor
Presentation from January 20, 2016.
Inside Government forum 'Tackling Drug Abuse: Addressing the Prevalence of Legal Highs'
More information: http://www.insidegovernment.co.uk/event-details/tackling-drug-abuse/601
Substance Use Prevention Education, Training & Support [UNESCO Expert Meeting...Mentor
Presentation by Jamila Boughelaf, ADEPIS Project Manager at the International Expert Meeting on Substance Use among Children and Young People, held in Istanbul by UNESCO, UNODC and WHO in October 2015.
Substance Use Prevention Education Case Study: Unplugged [UNESCO Expert Meeti...Mentor
Presentation by Jamila Boughelaf, ADEPIS Project Manager at the International Expert Meeting on Substance Use among Children and Young People, held in Istanbul by UNESCO, UNODC and WHO in October 2015.
Redefining Relationships between Citizens, Communities and Services and Diffe...Mentor
Our new Chief Executive Michael O'Toole made a presentation at the Capita Conference 'Managing Demand in Public Services' held in London on 21st October 2014.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
4. A downward trend in underage
alcohol consumption
Hospital admissions for alcohol –
specific conditions particularly
intoxication, are declining among
the under 18s, stated Public Health
England in 2016.
5. Alcohol trends in children aged 11-15
Health & Social Care Information Centre, 2016
In 2014 the lowest figure was recorded
for children consuming alcohol (38%).
49% of pupils who reported getting
drunk have done so at home, at a party
or over someone’s house.
79% of pupils feel socially pressured to
drink so they ‘look cool.’
91% of parents are aware of their child’s
alcohol use.
Based on statistics from What About YOUth?
Survey (2014) retrieved from HSCIC.
6. Challenging social norms around alcohol
use in school and at home
There are strong links between the health and wellbeing of
children and young people and their educational attainment.
Both parents and schools should take a social norms approach –
correcting ‘myth-understandings’ about how common or
acceptable alcohol use is among young people.
Get young people to think about people their age who drink and
then present them with an accurate statistics.
Read the Mentor-ADEPIS briefing paper 2017 to find out more:
http://cayt.mentor-adepis.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/03/FINAL-What-Works-Briefing-Paper-
22.3.2017.pdf
8. A downward trend in underage smoking
Underage smoking levels are at their lowest since the Smoking,
Drinking and Drug Use Survey began in 1982.
9. Trends in children who smoke cigarettes
or rolling tobacco
What About YOUth? Survey, 2014
24% of pupils said they had ever
smoked (What About YOUth?
Survey, 2014).
Girls are more likely than boys to
smoke.
84% of underage smokers said that
smoking cigarettes helped them feel
more relaxed if they were nervous.
Weekly consumption of cigarettes
for boys who regularly smoked:
29.8 cigarettes per week and girls
smoked 22.4 cigarettes per week.Image retrieved from What About YOUth?
survey, 2014
10. Trends in children who smoke
e-cigarettes
5% of children age 11 have smoked an e-cigarette (What About YOUth? Survey,
2014).
The downward trend in tobacco smoking could be a result of an increase in
children who smoke electronic cigarettes (Baul et al, 2016: 102).
There is a link between high e-cigarette use and areas of deprivation (What
About YOUth? Survey, 2014).
Regular use of e-cigarettes is rare and almost confined to those who have
already used tobacco (House of Parliament, 2016).
Young people believe flavored e-cigarettes are ‘less harmful’ than tobacco refills
(House of Parliament, 2016).
More research needs to be done around e-cigarette refills that contain
cannabinoid oil to understand health harms, prevalence and their effect on
young people.
11. Building resilience against smoking
through education
School programmes based on a combination of social
competence and social influence approaches have shown,
small but consistent effects in preventing substance misuse.
Providing opportunities to learn and practice a range of
personal and social skills, including coping, decision-making
and resistance skills will help to reduce the number of
underage smokers.
A holistic approach to education could minimise student
anxiety levels.
13. The prevalence of drug use increases with age:
6% of children age 11 have taken a drug at least
once and 24% of people age 15 (NHS, 2017).
26% of children have been offered cannabis this
motivates drug-use.
Half of pupils heard of ‘legal highs’ and only 2.9%
of pupils said that they had experimented with
new psychoactive substances (NPS).
The number of children in drug treatment has
reduced.
Most children who take drugs (70%) do so only
a few times a year (HSCIC, 2014).
Cannabis use in England varies regionally
with the South West having high prevalence
levels in children.Retrieved from NHS, 2017 based on statistics
from What About YOUth? Survey, 2014
Downward trends in children’s drug-taking
14. Drug awareness among children
Most pupils have heard of cocaine, heroin, cannabis and crack cocaine.
Other substances are less known (What About YOUth? Survey, 2014).
Less than half of pupils had heard of poppers, mephedrone, ketamine,
methadone or LSD (What About YOUth? Survey, 2014).
While there is a downward trend in cannabis consumption there is a need for
education campaigns that challenge social concepts that normalise cannabis
use (What About YOUth? Survey, 2014).
Just over half of school pupils heard the phrase ‘legal highs’ (NHS,2017).
The 2016 Drugs & Alcohol Needs Assessment for Children & Young People
in Kent found that media coverage around ‘legal highs’ had changed
people’s perception of the harms.
Since the law change the term ‘legal highs’ has been replaced with the
correct term ‘New Psychoactive Substances.’ This term isn’t widely used
with many children and young people being unaware of its meaning.
15. Effective drugs education in schools
Social competence approaches offering information but also allow pupils to model
and practice giving feedback and positive reinforcement. These approaches teach
personal and social skills such as generic self-management, target-setting,
problem solving and decision-making, as well as cognitive skills to be able to
resist media and interpersonal influences. They also increase assertiveness skills
and competence and to interact with others. This can help them better manage
relationships and situations where drugs may be present.
Infographic taken from Mentor
on the importance of PHSE in
preventing substance misuse.
16. Trends in Young Adults
Only includes illicit substances and NPS
17. Downward trends in young adults using NPS
NPS formerly known as ‘legal highs’ are now illegal
to sell, supply, distribute and manufacture.
Before the blanket ban 1 in 40 young adults (16-24)
reported using ‘legal highs.’ Uptake of these drugs in
the general population is low compared to illicit
substances (Home Office, 2015).
Uptake of NPS in the age bracket 11- 15 is a lot
lower than the adult population at 2.5%.
The most at-risk groups are homeless men or those
in custodial settings where synthetic cannabis is
widespread.
Nitrous Oxide is the 7th most popular drug in the
world according to Global Drugs Survey and has
been widely used by young people age 16 -24.
It is difficult to assess the impact of the Psychoactive
Substance Act (May 26th 2016) until the 30 month
review of the Act.
Retrieved from the Home Office to reflect
popular NPS drugs that are used by people
aged 16-24, as well as people who are older.
18. An upward trend in MDMA use among
young adults aged 16-24
In 2015-16, 279,000 young adults reported using
ecstasy this trend is motivated by the purity of
MDMA (Home Office, 2016).
A European research paper, ESPAD, reported a
general upward trend in illicit drug-use in people age
15 – 16 with highest rates of MDMA use in Ireland.
There is no evidence to suggest that the trend of
purchasing MDMA drugs off the darknet is
concentrated in this age group but there is visible
evidence that documents a global increase in
people who purchase substances via PGP
encryption networks (Winstock 2016).
Picture taken from the drug testing service
The Loop who act as an early warning
system on purity levels.
20. Search the online drug
directory for specialist
information on NPS.
Watch short films
Find out about the latest
drug trends and news.
Why Not Find Out also visits
universities and colleges
promoting this platform
to students.
Why Not Find Out
Information for young people
www.wnfo.org.uk
21. Professionals:
Use the Centre for Analysis
of Youth Transitions (CAYT)
to access the database of
Impact Studies.
Attend CAYT seminars and
webinars.
Enrol in the Mentor-ADEPIS
online professional
development course
http://mentor-adepis.org/
Parents:
Order the Parent Handbook to
stay informed about substances
and their effects.
Get useful tips on how to have
an open conversation about
drugs with your child.
Request the handbook:
emily.hicks@mentoruk.org
Raising Awareness
Information for professionals and parents
22. Sources
Bauld, L et al. (2016) E-Cigarette Uptake Among UK Youth: Experimentation, but Little or No Regular Use in Nonsmokers. Nicotine Tabaco Research. 98
(1), 102- 103.
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2016. Recent Changes in Europe’s MDMA/ecstasy market. Luxembourg: EMCDDA
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2015. ESPAD Report. Lisbon: EMCDDA
Global Drug Survey, 2016. [online]. Available at: < https://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/past-findings/the-global-drug-survey-2016-findings/ > [ Last Accessed
March 9th 2017].
Gov.UK, 2016. Young People Are Less Likely to Drink; Does that Mean It Isn’t A Problem? [Online] 2nd August 2016. Available at:
< https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2016/08/02/young-people-are-less-likely-to-drink-does-that-mean-it-isnt-a-problem/ > [Last Accessed 29th March
2017].
Home Office, 2016. Drug Misuse: Findings from 2015/16 crime survey for England & Wales. London: Home Office.
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< http://cayt.mentor-adepis.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/FINAL-What-Works-Briefing-Paper-22.3.2017.pdf > [ Last Accessed March 2016].
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Health & Social Care Information Centre (2016). Smoking, drinking and drug use amongst young people in England. [PDF]. Available at:
< http://content.digital.nhs.uk/media/18992/SDD-Consultation-Outcomes-Report/pdf/SDDConsultationOutcomesReport.pdf > [ Last Accessed March 9th
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Office for National Statistics, 2016. Ecstasy deaths by age and gender, England & Wales, 1993 to 2015 registrations. [Online]. Available at:
<https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/006112ecstasydeathsbyageandgenderenglandandwale
s1993to2015registrations >. [Last accessed March 8th 2017].
WEDNOS, 2016. PHILTRE Annual Report. Wales: Llywodraeth Cymru Welsh Government.