Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem all over the world. Substances are consumed by both male and female adolescents, and pose a serious threat to the consumers and the society as at large. The causes of substance abuse are numerous and varied. It is imperative to seek ways to curb this malice that is threatening the welfare of Cameroonians individually, economically and even socially. This study sets out to ascertain the extent to which the social media influence substance abuse among adolescents in urban schools in Cameroon, and to determine preventive strategies. The concurrent nested mixed method research design was used to carry out the study. The Simple Random sampling was adopted in the selection of public, mission and private schools from four regions of Cameroon, classrooms in each school and 375 students. Purposive sampling was used to select discipline masters and guidance counsellors. A questionnaire of 10 items was used to collect data from the students and an interview guide to collect data from the discipline masters and guidance counsellors. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using spearman rho test, through SPSS version 25.The findings showed that social media significantly predicted substance abuse among adolescent students R= 0.258 , P= 0.000 0.05 . Finally, findings showed that at zero order correlation when the preventive strategies were not involved in the correlation analysis, the coefficient value was 0.374 but, when the correlation was controlled by the preventive strategies, the coefficient value increased from 0.374 to 0.908 of almost a perfect relationship 1 . The study concluded that the social media influence drug abuse among adolescent students in urban schools in Cameroon. From the study it was recommended that research be carried out to determine the effects of drugs on students’ performance, health and the society. Chefuh Patricia Asoh | Dr. Bongwung Bruno "Social Media and Substance Abuse: Implication for Preventive Strategies among Adolescent Students in Urban Schools in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51927.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/51927/social-media-and-substance-abuse-implication-for-preventive-strategies-among-adolescent-students-in-urban-schools-in-cameroon/chefuh-patricia-asoh
The Insight of Young People toward Drugs and Chemical Abuse in Zimbabweijtsrd
The abuse of drugs and chemicals among the young people is a silent pandemic which needs collective intervention. The young people are the pillar of development in the world over. The behavior of abusing drugs is seen as a fashionby the young people and effects has paralyzed the developmental milestones within communities. The aim of this research was to explore the insights of drugs and chemical abuse among the youth in Zimbabwe. The word chemicals has been used interchangeably with the word substance in this study. The study is a qualitative research which is backed with the descriptive research design. Data was collected from the young people from the age of 12 to 36 years through a purposive snow balling and convenience sample since taking of some drugs is a secrete act. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze data gathered from the participants who resides in Kadoma area. The study found that there are different factors which had forced the young to participate in the uptake of drugs which are poverty, peer pressure, lack parental guidance, experimentation, genetic dispossession and depression. The study also found that young people have moved from predominately abusing marijuana alone and jump to use complex substances such as bronclee ngoma , powder extracted from energy saver bulbs, mutoriro, mangemba, ital, tablets white, blue and pink pill , cocaine and mangemba. The research predicts that young people can use drugs to revolt against their elders due to the influence of drugs. It was recommended to put in place strict sanction to anyone found in possession with drugs. Brenda Palesa Makumbe | Prince Dzingirayi "The Insight of Young People toward Drugs and Chemical Abuse in Zimbabwe" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49908.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/49908/the-insight-of-young-people-toward-drugs-and-chemical-abuse-in-zimbabwe/brenda-palesa-makumbe
FIGHTING THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE BY ADOLESCENTS: A CASE STUDY OF ZENGEZA 4 ...John1Lorcan
The main objective of the study was to identify the effects of drug use and abuse at Zengeza 4 High School in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design. The study employed a mixed method approach. The study used interviews and surveys as data collection tools. The study revealed that poor academic performance, school drop-outs, early marriages, aggressive and violent behaviour are the major effects of drug use/abuse by adolescents in schools. The study recommended that both parents and teachers should strongly educate and encourage adolescents in school to desist from all forms of drug use or abuse for whatever reasons. Adolescents should always seek help from caregivers and parents whenever they face any life threatening situations
During the past century, social policies and programs for Nigerian children, youth, and families have undergone frequent shifts in philosophy and direction. Many policy frameworks, such as selective legibility universal prevention, rehabilitation, and punishment, have contributed to the conceptual bases for services, programs, and interventions designed for young people. However, the most consistent characteristic of Nigerian social policy for children and families may be the sheer inconsistency of efforts aimed at helping the nation’s most vulnerable populations. Recent advances in understanding the developmental processes associated with the onset and persistence of childhood and adolescent problems warrant new thinking about policies and programs., we have learned more about why some children and adolescents develop social and health problems, and in the case of such problems as sexually transmitted infections, drug use, and delinquency why some youths make choices that lead to poor outcomes at home and in school and the community. Unfortunately, this knowledge is not yet systematically applied to policy or program design, which results in poorly specified, inadequately integrated, and wastefully duplicated services for children and families. The motivation for this volume comes from the growing recognition that knowledge gained from understanding the developmental trajectories of children who experience social and health problems must be used to craft more effective policies and programs.
Running head DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION1DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION.docxjeanettehully
Running head: DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 1
DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 6
Drug Abuse and Addiction
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
Public Safety Issue: Drug Abuse and Addiction
Public safety issue refers to any problem which threatens the wellbeing of people and prosperity of communities. A solution to such challenges is crucial in order to ensure that safety of people is protected and safeguarded. The issue of drug abuse and concern among school going teenagers has become a major problem in United States. According to a survey conducted by Monitoring the Future (MTF), on average, 29 percent of the school kids between grades 8, 10, and 12 were found to be using drugs. This has raised a major concern that requires the government to work closely with relevant public safety organizations in order to contain this issue.
Research Topic: The Importance of Introducing Drug Abuse Unit in The Curriculum of the American Education System
Overview
According to findings of Monitoring the Future survey released in 2018, there is a significant increase in number of school going youths engaging in drug abuse activities. Marijuana, opioid abuse, alcohol, synthetic drugs, tobacco, and nicotine are among the top drugs and substances abused by teenagers and school going kids. These statistics are alarming since they present one of the major challenge to the wellbeing and prosperity of the future generation. Many anti-drug abuse and addiction organizations such as National Institutes on Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have been working relentlessly to curb this rising level of drug abuse and addiction among teenagers. Despite all the efforts by these organizations, their programs have failed to achieve any substantial success as far the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers is concerned. This research is aimed at exploring the relevant literature from books, peer-reviewed journals, publications, and other academic effort in the effort to present the dire need to integrate drug abuse into the curriculum of the American education system. The findings of the research will be a boost to the government and other public safety organizations in the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers and school going youths.
Annotated Bibliography
Duncan, D. T., Palamar, J. J., & Williams, J. H. (2014). Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among US high school seniors. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 9(1), 35.
The paper explores the problem of marijuana use among the students in U.S. high schools. Notably, more than 45.5 percent of the respondents revealed that they have used marijuana once on their lifetime while the other 36.4 percent revealing that they have used marijuana in the last one year. Additionally, another 22.7 percent of the respondents noting that they have been consta ...
A Study on Alcohol and Substance use among University Students in Edo State, ...ijtsrd
Alcohol and substance use has become rampant worldwide, with a high prevalence of its use within the university environment. Logically, implementing strict policies for controlling alcohol and other substance use is required to maintain optimum health for the general public. This study was conducted to assess alcohol and substance use among university students in Nigeria.METHOD Three hundred and forty participants took part in this study. A descriptive cross sectional survey was used. Data collection was done with a structured, self administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the statistical package for the social sciences SPSS 16.0 . Of the 340 respondents, 75.8 fall within the 20–29 age group, representing the largest age group of respondents. A more significant proportion had heard about alcohol and substance abuse 95 . The result showed that most students do not abuse drugs 67.6 . Friends influence was the determining factor for most who partook in alcohol and other substances.CONCLUSION Although the study showed that most respondents had good knowledge of alcohol and substance abuse, health education is still needed to prevent misuse of alcohol and substances. Evbayekha O. Endurance | Ohikhuai E. Evidence | Ofumwengbe-Evba Osaruyi "A Study on Alcohol and Substance use among University Students in Edo State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50178.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50178/a-study-on-alcohol-and-substance-use-among-university-students-in-edo-state-nigeria/evbayekha-o-endurance
The Insight of Young People toward Drugs and Chemical Abuse in Zimbabweijtsrd
The abuse of drugs and chemicals among the young people is a silent pandemic which needs collective intervention. The young people are the pillar of development in the world over. The behavior of abusing drugs is seen as a fashionby the young people and effects has paralyzed the developmental milestones within communities. The aim of this research was to explore the insights of drugs and chemical abuse among the youth in Zimbabwe. The word chemicals has been used interchangeably with the word substance in this study. The study is a qualitative research which is backed with the descriptive research design. Data was collected from the young people from the age of 12 to 36 years through a purposive snow balling and convenience sample since taking of some drugs is a secrete act. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze data gathered from the participants who resides in Kadoma area. The study found that there are different factors which had forced the young to participate in the uptake of drugs which are poverty, peer pressure, lack parental guidance, experimentation, genetic dispossession and depression. The study also found that young people have moved from predominately abusing marijuana alone and jump to use complex substances such as bronclee ngoma , powder extracted from energy saver bulbs, mutoriro, mangemba, ital, tablets white, blue and pink pill , cocaine and mangemba. The research predicts that young people can use drugs to revolt against their elders due to the influence of drugs. It was recommended to put in place strict sanction to anyone found in possession with drugs. Brenda Palesa Makumbe | Prince Dzingirayi "The Insight of Young People toward Drugs and Chemical Abuse in Zimbabwe" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49908.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/49908/the-insight-of-young-people-toward-drugs-and-chemical-abuse-in-zimbabwe/brenda-palesa-makumbe
FIGHTING THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE BY ADOLESCENTS: A CASE STUDY OF ZENGEZA 4 ...John1Lorcan
The main objective of the study was to identify the effects of drug use and abuse at Zengeza 4 High School in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design. The study employed a mixed method approach. The study used interviews and surveys as data collection tools. The study revealed that poor academic performance, school drop-outs, early marriages, aggressive and violent behaviour are the major effects of drug use/abuse by adolescents in schools. The study recommended that both parents and teachers should strongly educate and encourage adolescents in school to desist from all forms of drug use or abuse for whatever reasons. Adolescents should always seek help from caregivers and parents whenever they face any life threatening situations
During the past century, social policies and programs for Nigerian children, youth, and families have undergone frequent shifts in philosophy and direction. Many policy frameworks, such as selective legibility universal prevention, rehabilitation, and punishment, have contributed to the conceptual bases for services, programs, and interventions designed for young people. However, the most consistent characteristic of Nigerian social policy for children and families may be the sheer inconsistency of efforts aimed at helping the nation’s most vulnerable populations. Recent advances in understanding the developmental processes associated with the onset and persistence of childhood and adolescent problems warrant new thinking about policies and programs., we have learned more about why some children and adolescents develop social and health problems, and in the case of such problems as sexually transmitted infections, drug use, and delinquency why some youths make choices that lead to poor outcomes at home and in school and the community. Unfortunately, this knowledge is not yet systematically applied to policy or program design, which results in poorly specified, inadequately integrated, and wastefully duplicated services for children and families. The motivation for this volume comes from the growing recognition that knowledge gained from understanding the developmental trajectories of children who experience social and health problems must be used to craft more effective policies and programs.
Running head DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION1DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION.docxjeanettehully
Running head: DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 1
DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 6
Drug Abuse and Addiction
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
Public Safety Issue: Drug Abuse and Addiction
Public safety issue refers to any problem which threatens the wellbeing of people and prosperity of communities. A solution to such challenges is crucial in order to ensure that safety of people is protected and safeguarded. The issue of drug abuse and concern among school going teenagers has become a major problem in United States. According to a survey conducted by Monitoring the Future (MTF), on average, 29 percent of the school kids between grades 8, 10, and 12 were found to be using drugs. This has raised a major concern that requires the government to work closely with relevant public safety organizations in order to contain this issue.
Research Topic: The Importance of Introducing Drug Abuse Unit in The Curriculum of the American Education System
Overview
According to findings of Monitoring the Future survey released in 2018, there is a significant increase in number of school going youths engaging in drug abuse activities. Marijuana, opioid abuse, alcohol, synthetic drugs, tobacco, and nicotine are among the top drugs and substances abused by teenagers and school going kids. These statistics are alarming since they present one of the major challenge to the wellbeing and prosperity of the future generation. Many anti-drug abuse and addiction organizations such as National Institutes on Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have been working relentlessly to curb this rising level of drug abuse and addiction among teenagers. Despite all the efforts by these organizations, their programs have failed to achieve any substantial success as far the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers is concerned. This research is aimed at exploring the relevant literature from books, peer-reviewed journals, publications, and other academic effort in the effort to present the dire need to integrate drug abuse into the curriculum of the American education system. The findings of the research will be a boost to the government and other public safety organizations in the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers and school going youths.
Annotated Bibliography
Duncan, D. T., Palamar, J. J., & Williams, J. H. (2014). Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among US high school seniors. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 9(1), 35.
The paper explores the problem of marijuana use among the students in U.S. high schools. Notably, more than 45.5 percent of the respondents revealed that they have used marijuana once on their lifetime while the other 36.4 percent revealing that they have used marijuana in the last one year. Additionally, another 22.7 percent of the respondents noting that they have been consta ...
A Study on Alcohol and Substance use among University Students in Edo State, ...ijtsrd
Alcohol and substance use has become rampant worldwide, with a high prevalence of its use within the university environment. Logically, implementing strict policies for controlling alcohol and other substance use is required to maintain optimum health for the general public. This study was conducted to assess alcohol and substance use among university students in Nigeria.METHOD Three hundred and forty participants took part in this study. A descriptive cross sectional survey was used. Data collection was done with a structured, self administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the statistical package for the social sciences SPSS 16.0 . Of the 340 respondents, 75.8 fall within the 20–29 age group, representing the largest age group of respondents. A more significant proportion had heard about alcohol and substance abuse 95 . The result showed that most students do not abuse drugs 67.6 . Friends influence was the determining factor for most who partook in alcohol and other substances.CONCLUSION Although the study showed that most respondents had good knowledge of alcohol and substance abuse, health education is still needed to prevent misuse of alcohol and substances. Evbayekha O. Endurance | Ohikhuai E. Evidence | Ofumwengbe-Evba Osaruyi "A Study on Alcohol and Substance use among University Students in Edo State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50178.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50178/a-study-on-alcohol-and-substance-use-among-university-students-in-edo-state-nigeria/evbayekha-o-endurance
Causal Argument Essay
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Household Demographic Predictors of Drug and Substance Abuse among High Schoo...Premier Publishers
Purpose: The accessibility, affordability, and consumption of abused drugs by the youths have attracted great concern among public health personnel. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated household demographic predictors of drugs and substance abuse among high school students in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kisumu County.
Methods: Sample size of 434 was calculated using Yamane formula and the participants selected through Snow ball, random, cluster and stratified sampling. Descriptive data was summarized using tables while inferential statistic done using Chi square and logistic regression. Data collection done through observation and semi- structured questionnaires. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Overall, 219 (61.17%) students reported to have engaged in drug and illicit substance abuse with higher proportion reported among the Christians as compared to Islamic and Hinduism. Religion, Parental / guardian’s level of education and the person living with the student were found to significantly predict the abuse of drug and illicit substance among high school students (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Drug and illicit substance abuse remains a major public health problem among all age groups worldwide with several negative impacts. Due to its magnitude, it calls for concerted multi-sectorial effort by all stakeholders for the dream of drug free world to be achieved.
ATTITUDES & PRACTICES OF SMOKING IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTSpaperpublications3
Abstract:Smoking is hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain & dangerous to the lungs. Smoking is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. Tobacco smoke contains different harmful chemicals which are injurious for health. Smoking causes different types of cancer like lung cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer. Every year millions of people around the world die from diseases caused by the tobacco. Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.1 and 14.4 years of life, respectively. Each cigarette that is smoked is estimated to short life by an average of 11 minutes. Most of younger (High School Students) may start smoking as a fashion. The main target of the study was to determine the attitudes & practices of smoking in highly school students, in Peshawar, KPK. This study was carried out in 5 high schools located in Peshawar; KPK. The sample was constituted by 112 students. The data of the study was obtained through well structured questionnaires. Students with male gender, those whose parents had a low educational level and a smoking mother, father or sibling, had a higher frequency of smoking. The result demonstrated that the majority of students said that the smoking is harmful for health. Some have the view that smoking reliefs you from the stress and cause mental relaxation. About more than 61% of the students spend their full pocket money on smoking.
This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of sexting behaviour among undergraduates in Kwara State. The population for this study comprised all undergraduates in Kwara State while the target population was undergraduates of three universities in the Kwara States. A stratified sampling the technique was used to categorise universities based on ownership (Federal, State and Private) as well as gender. A random sampling technique was used to select 100 undergraduates from each university, totaling 300 respondents. A researcher-designed questionnaire titled Prevalence and Determinants of Sexting Behaviour Questionnaire (PASODOEBEQ) was used to elicit information from sampled respondents. The instrument was validated by experts in Sociology of Education and Educational Psychology. Test re-test method of reliability was applied to test the reliability of the instrument, using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics. The coefficient value of 0.86r was derived. The data collected were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation and Multiple Regression Statistical Tool. The result of the findings revealed that sexting behaviour is prevalent among undergraduates and low self-esteem and peer association are significant determinants. The study recommended among others that schools authorities as a matter of fact should organize a sensitization workshop or seminar for undergraduates on the meaning, ripple effects and the punishment associated with sexting behaviour for necessary social adjustment.
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
An Evaluation of Drug Crime Nexus amongst Youths in Yobe State, Nigeriaijtsrd
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between drug abuse among youths and their involvement in criminal activities in Yobe State. The specific objectives of study are to identify the common types of drug abused by the youths in Yobe State to examine the nexus between drug abuse and crime in Yobe State and to provide the possible solutions to drug abuse among the youths in Yobe State. The study adopted differential association theory, which proposes that person becomes criminal because of a stronger exposure to law breakers than law abiding others in qualitative rather than quantitative terms. In other words, drug abuse is a function of association with drug addicts. Methodologically, the research is a survey research design, having both descriptive and explanatory research design because it explained the causal link between drug abuse and crime and described the influence of drug abuse on criminal activities among youths in Yobe State. A total of 504 sample size was selected through multi stage sampling method. Primary and secondary data sources were used. Questionnaire and interview were used as instruments of collecting the primary data and mixed method was used in analysing the data. The study finding indicated that drug abuse has strong connection with criminal activities in Yobe State. Most of the terrorist activities carried out by Boko Haram are under the influence of drug. The most common types of drugs used by the youths include Pharmaceutical opioids, tramadol, codeine and morphine. The study concluded that the availability of drugs abuse in the State have increased the rate of crimes in the area. However, the drugs do not cause crime but it facilitates and motivates young people to commit different types of crime. The possible solutions to drug abuse among youths in Yobe State include the involvement of policy makers, religious institution, the community members and the criminal justice system, parents or guardians, and teachers to fight drug abuse among youths. Dr. Bukar Jamri "An Evaluation of Drug-Crime Nexus amongst Youths in Yobe State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50688.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/50688/an-evaluation-of-drugcrime-nexus-amongst-youths-in-yobe-state-nigeria/dr-bukar-jamri
environment to result in alcohol addiction. More studies should al.docxSALU18
environment to result in alcohol addiction. More studies should also enlighten the extent to which genes participate to alcohol issues, both in youngsters and adults (Foster, et al., 2013).
Socioeconomic Model:
Researchers have keen interest to find the link between behavioral health conditions in adulthood and childhood socioeconomic status (SES). Some studies revealed that the youngsters with low SES are susceptible towards substance use in young age. Huang and Goodman studied the first wave cross-sectional; he found that having low SES was linked with greater alcoholic consumption. Goodman found that lower income or the financial crisis and low educational status of the parents led to individual complexes and thus more significant depression.
Reinherz along with his fellows, from the year 1977-2000 observed 360 suspects and concluded that low SES of family and large family were linked with substance abuse and alcoholism issues at the early age of life (Masten, et al., 2014). Hamilton and his fellows, Ontario Student Drug Use Survey, found that youngsters (12-19) having educated parents were less prone or susceptible to get involve in risky or dangerous drinking or drug abuse.
Although we have confirmation those boys with high SES may also be liable for having the substance addiction. Alcohol use is sensitive to price, according to research consumption declines as the price rises. For youngsters with raised SES, with sound financial status show that the cost of substance abuse is lower than that of the boys with low SES. Bellis and his fellows found that kids who spend more money drink more, heavy drinking in public as well while the ones with low SES drink less (Miller, et al., 2010).
Binge drinking is associated with driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) and homicidal or accidental deaths of college going students. The fact that illegal drugs are considered illegal in the USA, the substance abuse causes youngsters to get themselves involve in criminal justice. Thus, the substance abuse can cause extraordinary adverse effects for boys.
The rationale of the study is to determine that the adolescents with high SES, having a financial status and educated parents, are susceptible to get involve in alcohol consumption and illegal drug abuse, using the nationally-representative sample of college students in the USA. Bellis and his fellows collected cross-sectional data on alcohol consumption in the UK and Martin along with his colleagues who examined pervasiveness of alcohol consumption among college students in the USA (Levy, et al., 2011). As a lot of literature is being written on adults with low SES, the results of this research can guide the parents and teachers to recognize the students who are at risk for substance abuse in future.
The result of this study how that high SES, a linked with high parental educational status and the healthy financial situation is associated with high rates of substance ab ...
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Purpose: The accessibility, affordability, and consumption of abused drugs by the youths have attracted great concern among public health personnel. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated household demographic predictors of drugs and substance abuse among high school students in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kisumu County.
Methods: Sample size of 434 was calculated using Yamane formula and the participants selected through Snow ball, random, cluster and stratified sampling. Descriptive data was summarized using tables while inferential statistic done using Chi square and logistic regression. Data collection done through observation and semi- structured questionnaires. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Overall, 219 (61.17%) students reported to have engaged in drug and illicit substance abuse with higher proportion reported among the Christians as compared to Islamic and Hinduism. Religion, Parental / guardian’s level of education and the person living with the student were found to significantly predict the abuse of drug and illicit substance among high school students (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Drug and illicit substance abuse remains a major public health problem among all age groups worldwide with several negative impacts. Due to its magnitude, it calls for concerted multi-sectorial effort by all stakeholders for the dream of drug free world to be achieved.
ATTITUDES & PRACTICES OF SMOKING IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTSpaperpublications3
Abstract:Smoking is hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain & dangerous to the lungs. Smoking is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. Tobacco smoke contains different harmful chemicals which are injurious for health. Smoking causes different types of cancer like lung cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer. Every year millions of people around the world die from diseases caused by the tobacco. Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.1 and 14.4 years of life, respectively. Each cigarette that is smoked is estimated to short life by an average of 11 minutes. Most of younger (High School Students) may start smoking as a fashion. The main target of the study was to determine the attitudes & practices of smoking in highly school students, in Peshawar, KPK. This study was carried out in 5 high schools located in Peshawar; KPK. The sample was constituted by 112 students. The data of the study was obtained through well structured questionnaires. Students with male gender, those whose parents had a low educational level and a smoking mother, father or sibling, had a higher frequency of smoking. The result demonstrated that the majority of students said that the smoking is harmful for health. Some have the view that smoking reliefs you from the stress and cause mental relaxation. About more than 61% of the students spend their full pocket money on smoking.
This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of sexting behaviour among undergraduates in Kwara State. The population for this study comprised all undergraduates in Kwara State while the target population was undergraduates of three universities in the Kwara States. A stratified sampling the technique was used to categorise universities based on ownership (Federal, State and Private) as well as gender. A random sampling technique was used to select 100 undergraduates from each university, totaling 300 respondents. A researcher-designed questionnaire titled Prevalence and Determinants of Sexting Behaviour Questionnaire (PASODOEBEQ) was used to elicit information from sampled respondents. The instrument was validated by experts in Sociology of Education and Educational Psychology. Test re-test method of reliability was applied to test the reliability of the instrument, using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics. The coefficient value of 0.86r was derived. The data collected were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation and Multiple Regression Statistical Tool. The result of the findings revealed that sexting behaviour is prevalent among undergraduates and low self-esteem and peer association are significant determinants. The study recommended among others that schools authorities as a matter of fact should organize a sensitization workshop or seminar for undergraduates on the meaning, ripple effects and the punishment associated with sexting behaviour for necessary social adjustment.
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
An Evaluation of Drug Crime Nexus amongst Youths in Yobe State, Nigeriaijtsrd
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between drug abuse among youths and their involvement in criminal activities in Yobe State. The specific objectives of study are to identify the common types of drug abused by the youths in Yobe State to examine the nexus between drug abuse and crime in Yobe State and to provide the possible solutions to drug abuse among the youths in Yobe State. The study adopted differential association theory, which proposes that person becomes criminal because of a stronger exposure to law breakers than law abiding others in qualitative rather than quantitative terms. In other words, drug abuse is a function of association with drug addicts. Methodologically, the research is a survey research design, having both descriptive and explanatory research design because it explained the causal link between drug abuse and crime and described the influence of drug abuse on criminal activities among youths in Yobe State. A total of 504 sample size was selected through multi stage sampling method. Primary and secondary data sources were used. Questionnaire and interview were used as instruments of collecting the primary data and mixed method was used in analysing the data. The study finding indicated that drug abuse has strong connection with criminal activities in Yobe State. Most of the terrorist activities carried out by Boko Haram are under the influence of drug. The most common types of drugs used by the youths include Pharmaceutical opioids, tramadol, codeine and morphine. The study concluded that the availability of drugs abuse in the State have increased the rate of crimes in the area. However, the drugs do not cause crime but it facilitates and motivates young people to commit different types of crime. The possible solutions to drug abuse among youths in Yobe State include the involvement of policy makers, religious institution, the community members and the criminal justice system, parents or guardians, and teachers to fight drug abuse among youths. Dr. Bukar Jamri "An Evaluation of Drug-Crime Nexus amongst Youths in Yobe State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50688.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/50688/an-evaluation-of-drugcrime-nexus-amongst-youths-in-yobe-state-nigeria/dr-bukar-jamri
environment to result in alcohol addiction. More studies should al.docxSALU18
environment to result in alcohol addiction. More studies should also enlighten the extent to which genes participate to alcohol issues, both in youngsters and adults (Foster, et al., 2013).
Socioeconomic Model:
Researchers have keen interest to find the link between behavioral health conditions in adulthood and childhood socioeconomic status (SES). Some studies revealed that the youngsters with low SES are susceptible towards substance use in young age. Huang and Goodman studied the first wave cross-sectional; he found that having low SES was linked with greater alcoholic consumption. Goodman found that lower income or the financial crisis and low educational status of the parents led to individual complexes and thus more significant depression.
Reinherz along with his fellows, from the year 1977-2000 observed 360 suspects and concluded that low SES of family and large family were linked with substance abuse and alcoholism issues at the early age of life (Masten, et al., 2014). Hamilton and his fellows, Ontario Student Drug Use Survey, found that youngsters (12-19) having educated parents were less prone or susceptible to get involve in risky or dangerous drinking or drug abuse.
Although we have confirmation those boys with high SES may also be liable for having the substance addiction. Alcohol use is sensitive to price, according to research consumption declines as the price rises. For youngsters with raised SES, with sound financial status show that the cost of substance abuse is lower than that of the boys with low SES. Bellis and his fellows found that kids who spend more money drink more, heavy drinking in public as well while the ones with low SES drink less (Miller, et al., 2010).
Binge drinking is associated with driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) and homicidal or accidental deaths of college going students. The fact that illegal drugs are considered illegal in the USA, the substance abuse causes youngsters to get themselves involve in criminal justice. Thus, the substance abuse can cause extraordinary adverse effects for boys.
The rationale of the study is to determine that the adolescents with high SES, having a financial status and educated parents, are susceptible to get involve in alcohol consumption and illegal drug abuse, using the nationally-representative sample of college students in the USA. Bellis and his fellows collected cross-sectional data on alcohol consumption in the UK and Martin along with his colleagues who examined pervasiveness of alcohol consumption among college students in the USA (Levy, et al., 2011). As a lot of literature is being written on adults with low SES, the results of this research can guide the parents and teachers to recognize the students who are at risk for substance abuse in future.
The result of this study how that high SES, a linked with high parental educational status and the healthy financial situation is associated with high rates of substance ab ...
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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secondary schools in Cameroon are usually within the
age range of 14-25 years (Olugbenga-Bello;
Adebinpe; Abodurin, 2009). Adolescence is a time of
experimentation, exploration, curiosity and identity
search. Part of such a quest involves some risk-taking,
including the use and abuse of psychoactive
substances, which are the drugs that apply their major
effects on the brain resulting in sedation,
encouragement or change in mood of an individual.
Adolescents are faced with the huge task of
establishing a sense of identity. The new cognitive
skills of maturing adolescents give them the ability to
reflect on who they are and what makes them unique.
Identity is made up of two components, self-concept
and self-esteem (American Psychological
Association, 1999). Self-concept is a set of beliefs
about oneself, including attributes, roles, goals,
interests, values, religious and political beliefs, while
self-esteem is how one feels about one’s self-concept.
All of the developmental changes that adolescents
experience prepare them to experiment with new
behaviours. This experimentation results in risk-
taking, which is a normal part of adolescent
development (Sue, et al, 2009). Engaging in risk-
taking behaviour helps adolescents to shape their
identities, try out their new decision-making skills
and gain peer acceptance and respect (Ponyon, 2009).
Unfortunately, some of the risk that adolescents take
may pose a real threat to their health and well-being.
These include pregnancy, cigarette smoking,
excessive alcohol consumption and drug abuse.
Odejide (2000) posited that drug is said to be abused
when its use is not pharmacologically necessary
especially when used in the face of legal prohibition
or when a socially acceptable beverage is used
excessively. Sambo, (2008) viewed that chronic use
of substances can cause serious and sometimes
irreversible damage to adolescent’s physical and
psychological development.
Drug abuse has become such a problem of great
concern to all well-meaning Cameroonians and
particularly the Government to the extent that the
government through the ministry of public health
continually calls on young people to desist from the
practice, with a view to reducing the spread of drug
abuse to the barest minimum or eradicating it totally
(Cameroon Tribune, 2018). The media, parents and
peers influence adolescents’ drinking by their attitude
about alcohol and by acting as role models (Taylor,
2003).On the other hand, parental deprivation due to
deaths, divorces, separation or conflict has also been
strongly associated with drug abuse.
According to the latest WHO data available in 2018,
drug abuse in Cameroon caused 0.32% of total
deaths, making the country 16th in the world.
Moreover, WHO (2015) reported abusive drug
consumption that showed 10% of cannabis and
Tramol consumers were school-aged 11-23 and
people living in precarious conditions. The drugs
consumed range from traditional drugs to imported
cocaine, tramadol and heroin. The list of drugs
consumed in schools include cigarettes, marijuana,
cannabis, tramadol and amphetamine tablets. These
years, Cameroon has attracted increased attention in
terms of drug trafficking and transit. Substances are
increasingly consumed in all regions of the country,
including rural areas.
On its part, CRTV News (2022) stated that, Customs
officials say Tramadol (an opioid pain medication
used as a recreational drug) is one of the most
commonly abused drugs in Cameroon, consumed by
adult individuals but also quickly making its way into
schools from pre-teens to adolescents. The result has
been an increase in promiscuity, teenage pregnancies,
petty theft and crime perpetrated by students. The
drugs are smuggled into the country mainly from
neighbouring Nigeria, according to authorities. The
custom officials added that most of the drugs seem
genuine because they are removed from their original
packaging and hidden away in biscuit packs to avoid
detection. However, from CRTV News (2022), in the
last two years, heavy-duty trucks and mini vans have
been intercepted and found with huge shipments of
drugs, particularly in Garoua, North Regional capital.
Media has a lot to do with adolescent students’
substance abuse. Many times in advertisement,
adolescents see people drinking alcohol and having a
great time. Media spends alot on advertisement yearly.
Many celebrities are seen smoking or drinking alcohol
in movies, TV, and on commercials. This makes
adolescents think that drinking, smoking, and taking
drugs are cool and will make them popular. Over 5000
deaths yearly are caused by alcohol consumption
(Strasburger, 2010).
The Media Practice Model states that adolescents
choose and interact with media based on who they
are, or who they want to be, in that moment (Brown
2000). This model suggests that media users explore
information or display content based on experiences
or behaviors they are considering, which may lead to
reinforcement or advancement of these ideas. Thus,
an adolescent who is considering initiating alcohol
consumption may choose to watch a movie depicting
drinking at a party, which in turn may influence him
or her to attend such a party in the future (Brown
2000).
Lo-oh (2019), says the media portrays young people
and the problems that can be part of the adolescents
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and transition to adulthood, Gang violence, school
shootings, alcohol-related accidents, drug abuse, and
suicides involving young people. All these are often
reflected in newspaper headlines and movie plots, not
only in industrialized societies but also in the
developing world today. On his part, (Oluwafisayo et
al., 2019) on alcohol and marijuana use in adolescents
and young adults are of particular concern because it
has been implicated as the primary cause of both
unintentional (e.g., motor vehicle crashes, violence
victimization) and intentional (eg, self-inflicted)
injury. Past studies have described the influence of
some disturbing alcoholic related posts on sites such
as MySpace, Facebook, and Twitter (Moreno, Briner,
Williams, Brockman, Walker & Christakis, 2010). In
particular, displays of alcohol use on social media
have been found to be indicative of personal use
among young people (Moreno, Christakis, Egan,
Brockman & Becker, 2012) and are likely to enhance
normative perceptions among followers of those posts
(Litt& Stock, 2011).
Promotion of alcohol products is also evident on
social media. Several alcohol brands have a presence
on social media, giving them the opportunity to
connect with young people and develop brand loyalty
(Jernigan &, Rushman, 2014). Although marketing
programs may require age verification before
allowing users to access online content, those
restrictions are difficult to enforce and can easily be
sidestepped (Litt & Stock, 2011).Although not much
is known about the online presence of content
concerning illegal drugs, there is however growing
evidence that marijuana use has increased among
both adults and young people. Azofeifa et al. (2016),
state that the increasing legalization of marijuana in
United States for instance will undoubtedly add to its
presence online. While marijuana advertising on
social media is currently not allowed, marijuana
businesses can create “business pages” to promote
content and engage with users on social media, and
these business pages are accessible to social media
users of any age. A study has examined the presence
of marijuana messages in social media, with a focus
on Twitter, an online social messaging system that is
increasingly popular with young people (Lenhart,
2015). The author of the study found that most of the
messages contained favorable sentiments about the
substance and that 59% of those tweets were
estimated to be sent by youth less than the age of 20.
Many of the senders of these messages had large
numbers of followers, suggesting that such messages
can reach and influence large networks.
Historically also, society has utilized different
approaches towards prevention and treatment of
substance use and abuse. One such approach, the
public health model, has been separated into
prevention and treatment programmes and divided
into three categories: primary prevention, secondary
prevention, or tertiary prevention (Eggert &
Kumpher, 1990; Metzler, 1996). Primary prevention
is focused on individuals who have not yet used
substances, with the focus of these programmes to
prevent future users (Eggert & Kumpher, 1990;
Metzler, 1996). These types of programmes in the
past were often focused on scare tactics. However, a
shift to positive reinforcement and building of self-
esteem is beginning (Metzler, 1996). Secondary
prevention is also known as the intervention stage and
is focused on individuals who are either in the early
stages of substance use or have moved towards the
beginning stages of abuse (Eggert & Kumpher, 1997;
Metzler, 1996). The tertiary prevention or treatment
programmes are focused on ending the effects of
substance abuse and addiction, and possiblyreversing
the negative effects that substance abuse can have on
an individual’s body; mentally, physically, and
emotionally (Eggert & Kumpher; Metzler, 1996).
These second and third stages have changed over the
years from scare tactics and punishment, to now
including the use of methadone for heroin addicts,
and the use of fresh hypodermic needles to reduce the
incidents of HIV (Metzler, 1996).
Many school systems haveimplemented programs that
teach adolescents about the problems of substance
abuse that is funded. Among adolescents aged 12 to 17
years, 9.8 % are estimated to be current users of illicit
drugs, with 4.9 % using drugs other than marijuana.
Nearly three quarters of students have started to drink
alcohol and nearly half (47%) have tried using an illicit
drug (not including alcohol or tobacco) by the senior
year of high school.” (Hassan, Harris, Sherritt, Van
Hook, & Brooks, 2009).
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Drug abuse poses a significant health, social and
economic threat to families, schools, communities
and nations. The extent of worldwide psychoactive
drug use, according to World Health Organization
(2002), is estimated at 2 billion alcohol users, 1.3
billion smokers and 185 million drug users. Recently,
Cameroon has been experiencing and upsurge of
illicit drug use in secondary schools, which is a call
for concern. Illicit drug use is injurious to adolescent
students in their academic performance. No academic
institution is immune and no student is safe from it.
Some adolescents in Cameroon are involved in the
use of illicit drugs because they want to reduce
regular pressures around them, while another group
just copy from the social media. Drug abuse
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symbolizes a protest against set rules, and to explore
basic to self. This phenomenon has grave
consequences to the individual, family and society at
large. In Cameroon, despite measures such as legal
restrictions and sensitisation on the dangers of
substance abuse, this problem is widespread in the
society at large and in many institutions especially
schools, colleges, prisons and urban spaces. The
damage caused by both licit and illicit drugs and
substances of abuse to the society, labor force and the
entire economy has been of much concern to the
Cameroonian government. The problem of drug and
substance abuse among young people/ youth revolves
around tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, marijuana,
tramadol, stimulants, inhalants and tranquilizers.
Cameroon’s anti-drug national committee (CNLD) in
2021 released statistics on narcotic consumption in
the country, revealing that 21% of the population has
already tried a hard drug; and 10% are frequent
consumers including 60% of young people aged 20-
25. Adolescents’ substance consumption does not
only have negative effects on their school results, but
also results in the increase in criminality and initiation
of brain related diseases, juvenile delinquencies, rape,
riot, fighting among people and accidents. The law
does not provide sufficient prohibition to the
cultivation and use of substances. Moreover, the
border control system is corrupt and weak, which
enables the smuggling of illicit drugs and its
cultivation anywhere in the country. Although several
researchers have preventive measures suggested, this
has not effectively led to the desired results of
curbing the menace of substance abuse. This is
because apart from the youth facing a lot of
challenges as individuals, the family and society
including the church and school have not come out
wholly to initiate methods of helping the youngsters.
It is against this background that this study
investigates the social media influence and prevention
of drug abuse among adolescents in urban schools in
Cameroon.
Specific objectives
To verify whether the social media is responsible
for adolescents’ substance abuse in urban
secondary schools in Cameroon.
To determine preventive strategies against
substance abuse among adolescents in urban
schools in Cameroon.
Research Methodology
In this study, the main independent variables are the
social media and prevention while drug abuse is the
dependent variable criterion. This study made use of
the concurrent nested mixed method research design.
This study was carried out in Cameroon and
specifically in Bamenda, Buea, Yaounde and Maroua
urban (regional headquarters). The target population
of this study encompasses 1.868982 youths from 12-
22 years old, 5659 discipline masters and 799
guidance counselors in the ten regions of Cameroon.
The age group 12-22 was preferred since it was
assumed that they are at the peak of their adolescence,
therefore more conversant with drug related issues in
their respective schools and communities. The sample
size was 375 adolescents and 28 counsellors and 28
disciplines masters. In this study, the simple random
sampling and purposive or judgemental sampling
techniques were used. The simple random sampling
was used to select the population of the study which
enabled the researcher to avoid bias. The regions or
the area of study were selected using purposive
sampling. This was to enable the four geographical
regions of Cameroon (that is the grass field, the
forest, the coastal and the Sahel regions) to be
represented. The researcher also employed the simple
random sampling for selecting the schools and
students under study.
Students from form three, four, five and lower sixth
were equally selected using purposive sampling
techniques. These classes were selected because
adolescents are mostly found there. For discipline
masters and guidance counsellors, the simple random
sampling was used in schools where there were many
of them. In schools where there was one counsellor
and two discipline masters, purposive sampling was
used. The reason for using the purposive sampling
technique was to directly meet with the population of
interest. The simple random sampling technique was
done as follows; Small pieces of papers were cut and
folded, and the number cut and folded corresponded
to the number of students in each class. The number
of folded papers corresponding to the number of the
students to be sampled in each class or level had the
inscription “student” on it and the others were left
empty. The folded papers were then put in a bag and
each student was asked to pick up a folded paper and
open. Those whose papers had the inscription
“student” were asked to answer the questionnaire.
Below is a table indicating the number of schools, and
adolescent students sampled and used for this study.
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Table 1 Distribution of the sample population
Regional head
quarters
Schools Adolescence
Sample for
adolescents
Maroua
Catholic bilingual college Jacques de Bernon 1512 47
GBHS Maroua 4050 47
Yaounde
Christ the king Anglo Saxon college Younde 613 31
Government Bilingual high school Nkol Eton
Yaounde (5115)
5115 31
British college Yaounde 743 32
bamenda
Government High School Atiela (5520) 5520 31
St Pauls college Nkwen (910) 910 31
Progressive comprehensive college Bamenda 6533 6533 32
Buea
Presbyterian secondary school Buea (PSS) 476 31
Government Bilingual Gramar school molyko 5461 31
Salvation Bilingual grammar school Molyko 1243 31
Total 32167 375
The sample size was calculated using Krecjie and Morgan (1970) table of sample size calculation. This table
states that the accessible population of 1,045,652 potential respondents required a sample of 375 respondents, 30
requires 28 respondents. To get the sample size of 94 youth from Adamawa, the accessible population of the
Adamawa (3000) was divided by the overall population of the four Regions (12000) and multiplied by the
overall sample size (375), this same procedure was done for Central Region, North West Region and South west
Region that gave sample sizes of 94, 94 and 93 respectively.
The instrument for data collection for this study was a questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire items are
rated on a Likert scale with different statements which measure feelings and opinions of the respondents. The
instruments were specially designed for adololescents, guidance counsellors and discipline masters.
The instrument was made up of two parts; part I consisted of five items demanding the demographic data of the
respondents and part II was made up of five sections, involving the possible factors that contribute to substance
abuse among adolescent students. The close ended questions represented the five specific objectives from the
independent variables social media influence and prevention) and the dependent variable (substance abuse) of
the study. Sections A to F contained ten items each that are directed towards the answering of the specific
research questions and the verification of the specific research hypotheses.
The items were close – ended questions with likert – type response options ranging from strongly agree (SA) to
strongly disagree (SD). The Likert-type close-ended items were used because of the ease of responding and the
short time required responding. A four scale response option of strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D),
strongly disagree (SD) according to the likert scale was used. The respondents will be required to indicate their
degree of agreement with a tick (√) on the appropriate answer of their choice. Options such as never, sometimes,
often and very often is also provided on the questionnaire for students. The questionnaire for students was made
up of 76 items which are all close ended. There was equally an interview guide for discipline masters and
guidance counselors.
The data collected from the field was first processede using EpiData software. This software was used to enter
all the quantitative data collected for the study whereby, all the participants’ responses were keyed in, in
accordance with each of the test items. During this process of data entering, the demographic information and
the test items were coded with numbers to facilitate the data entering and the questionnaires were also be
assigned with serial numbers. The reason for coding and assigning each questionnaire a serial number was to
ensure that on the data base, one should easily trace the individual responses of participants and to ease
verification in areas of uncertainty if they arise. After the data were completely entered for all the participants,
the data based was exported to SPSS version 25 for further consistency, data range and validation checks with
the purpose to first identify invalid codes (data cleaning) with the aid of exploratory statistics. The data was
analysed using SPSS version 25. The spearman rho and chi square tests were used to test the hypotheses and
consequently to provide answers to the research question.
RESULTS
Based on the adolescent students’ characterization of social media influence, findings showed that 55.2% (207)
of them indicated that television advertises substances most. The findings also showed that 16.8% (63) of
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adolescent students always feel like taking substance when they see on social media. Also, 22.4% (84) of
adolescent students always imagine themselves taking substances when they observe on TV. The findings also
showed that 59.5% (223) of adolescent students approved that they always see different substances like alcohol
and cigarette through the Newspapers. 26.1% (98) of the participants indicated that the first impression they had
about alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and others was when they saw them being advertised in the media.
Also, the findings showed that 50.9% (191) of adolescent students indicated that they always watch people
smoking through the social media with 19.7% (74) of them who imitate things they see on the social media. The
findings also showed that 48.3% (181) of adolescent students use social media on a daily bases and, 48.0% (180)
of them said most of their models are on social media. Finally, the findings also showed that 7.7% (29) of
adolescent students indicated that they tasted drugs due to the social media. In overall, the findings showed that
35.5% of adolescent students are influenced by social media while 64.5% of them are not.
Table 2 Cross tabulation between social media influence and substance abuse
Influence by social media
Abuse substance
Total Chi-square test (χ2)
Accepted Rejected
Strongly Agree/Agree
n 53 100
153
χ2=37.96
df=1
P=0.000
% 34.6% 65.4%
Disagree/Strongly Disagree
n 20 202
222
% 9.0% 91.0%
Total n 73 302 375
Using the cross tabulation technique, findings showed that more of adolescent students who abuse substances
34.6% significantly are those influence by social media ills (χ2=37.96, df= 1, P= 0.000, < 0.05).
Comparing adolescent students’ characterization of social media influence by demographic data, findings
showed that male 36.7% are more influenced by social media to take substances than female 34.7%. By age
range, a significant proportion of adolescent students aged 12-15 (34.5%), 16-18 (36.2%) and 19-22 (37.8%)
accepted to be influenced by social media. By school type, adolescents from Confessional schools 40.6% and
Lay Private schools 38.3% are more influenced by social media than those from Government schools 30.8%. By
class and religion, findings also showed that a significant proportion of adolescent students are influenced by
social media.
Interview responses on social media and substance abuse among adolescent students
Table 3 Guidance counsellors and discipline masters opinion on how social media influence on
adolescent toward substance abuse
Themes Groundings Quotations
Imitation 31 “They copy or imitate stars who are not role model”.
“Yes, some adverts and videos have a negative bearing. They also try to
imitate things they see on social media”.
“Many pop stars who consume substances even in the video have
accounts and post some of the videos which are watched by some
adolescents thus, influencing some of them to consume substances as
well”.
“They want to copy or try whatever they see”.
“In this part of the world, children turn to copy and imitate everything
they see on the social media simply because it was demonstrated by a
white”.
Advertisement
of drugs
3 “The advertisement of drugs on social media”
‘Some of the substances are advertised in the media, photos along people
taking the substances which have negative effect on some adolescents”.
Games and
pornography
videos
2 “Lot of distractions like games and pornography even cyber-crimes like
scamming”.
“Some are engaged into pornography and scamming”.
Scamming 1 “Scamming”.
Based on interview, many of the people said social media influence some adolescents to consume substance in
that they turn to imitate or copy all that they see on social media. They also said some adolescents start
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consuming substance after following advertisements on social media that it content was on drug consumption.
Finally, the guidance counselors and discipline masters added that the watching of pornographyvideos, playing
of games and scamming on social media had also influence some adolescents to start abusing substances.
Verification of hypothesis: Social media does not predict substance abuse among adolescents in urban
schools in Cameroon.
Table 4 The effect of social media on substance abuse among adolescent’s students
Social media Substance abuse among adolescent students
Spearman's rho
R-value 1.000 -.258**
P-value . .000
N 375 375
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Statistically, the findings showed that social media significantly predict substance abuse among adolescent
students (R= -0.258**
, P= 0.000< 0.05). The negative sign of the correlation implied that adolescent students are
more likely to engage in substance abuse when exposed to social media ills. In support of this, the descriptive
findings showed that more of adolescent students who abuse substances 34.6% significantly are those influenced
by social media ills (χ2=37.96, df= 1, P= 0.000, < 0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis that states social media
does not predict substance abuse among adolescents in urban schools was rejected.
Research question Two: What are the preventive
strategies against substance abuse among
adolescents in urban schools in Cameroon?
Based on adolescent students’ characterization of
preventive measures against substance abuse, findings
showed that a majority of them 89.6% (336) indicated
that counseling from guidance counselors can help to
reduce or remedy drugs consumption. Also, 89.6%
(336) of adolescent students approved that advice
from parents can be helpful in preventing adolescents
from taking drugs. Similarly, 89.9% (337) of the
participants indicated that health education is one way
of preventing adolescents from consuming
substances. 52.3% (196) of adolescent indicated that
punishing adolescents who consume drugs is one way
to prevent substance consumption.
Also, 74.1% (278) of adolescents indicated that
adolescents’ advocates can help in reducing substance
consumption. 81.3% (305) of adolescent students
approved that the community can help to stop
substance abuse among adolescents. Imitating good
models was approved by 82.4% (309) of the
adolescent students to help reduce substance
consumption. The findings also showed that 84.5%
(317) of adolescent students indicated that avoidance
of temptation and peer pressure can help to curb or
stop substance abuse among adolescents. In the same
trend, 78.9% (296) of adolescent student indicated
that seeking help for mental illness can help to stop
substance abuse among adolescents. Finally, 80.3%
(301) of adolescent students indicated that practicing
stress management skills can help to overcome
substance abuse. In aggregate, the findings showed
that 80.3% of adolescent students see the above
preventive measures; health education, counseling,
parental advice, avoidance of temptation and peer
pressure, imitating good models, community
involvement, practicing stress and management skills,
seeking help from mental illness, adolescent
advocates and punishing adolescent who consume
drugs to help reduce/stop/curb substance abuse
among adolescent students. These preventive
measures are also presented on the table below as
accepted by the participants.
Comparing adolescent students characterization of
preventive strategies to remedy/curb/stop substance
abuse by demographic data, findings showed that a
majority of the students with percentage ranging from
73.6 to 86.9% irrespective of their sex, age range,
class, school type, religion and region accepted that
health education, counseling, parental advice,
avoidance of temptation and peer pressure, imitating
good models, community involvement, practicing
stress and management skills, seeking help from
mental illness, adolescent advocates and punishing
adolescent who consume drugs can significantly
reduce/remedy/curb substance abuse among
adolescent students.
Statistically, testing the effect of the preventive
measures on substance abuse by adolescent students,
findings showed that at zero order correlation when
the preventive measures were not involved in the
correlation analysis, the coefficient value was -0.374
but, when the correlation was controlled by the
preventive measures, the coefficient value increase
from -0.374 to -0.908 of almost a perfect relationship
(-1). This implied that if the above preventive
measures are adopted and adequately implemented,
substance abuse by adolescent students will
significantly reduce.
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Discussion of findings
The findings revealed that the social media
significantly predict substance abuse among
adolescent students in urban schools in Cameroon.
This means that adolescent students are more likely to
engage in substance abuse when exposed to social
media ills. Adolescent students who abuse substances
are those influenced by the social media. This
confirms findings of Hinduja and Patchin (2008) and
Litt and Stock (2011) who posited that social media
sites are an environment in which alcohol-related
content is frequently created and consumed by
adolescents and young adults. Displayed alcohol on
social media may include information and images
pertaining to alcohol that may influence viewers and
lead to offline alcohol abuse (Moreno et al., 2011).
When most of the adolescent students in urban
schools see the content of substances that is displayed
on the social media, they imitate, especially if it is
from people that they consider as models (like music
and film stars).
Furthermore, the adolescent students said television
advertises substances sometimes and some of them
always feel like taking substance when they see on
social media. Some said they always imagine
themselves taking substance when they observe on
TV. From findings in this study, adolescent students
approved that they always see different substances
like alcohol and cigarette through the Newspapers
and that the first impression they had about alcohol
drinking, cigarette smoking and others was when they
saw them being advertised in the media. This
confirms findings of Alloy et al., (1996) who revealed
that adolescents are in a vulnerable stage in which
they are likely to be persuaded by messages
pertaining to substance abuse. Substance
advertisements encourage adolescents to have a desire
to use substances. These advertisements are appealing
to adolescents and have a persuasive effect on them.
Advertisements make adolescents aware of new drugs
or substances which they may obviously want to
taste. In addition, the adolescent students indicated
that they always watch people smoking through the
social media and some try to imitate what they see on
the social media. Some adolescent students use social
media on a daily bases and some said most of their
models are on social media. Other adolescent students
tasted drugs due to the social media. This is in line
with Roberts and Henriksen (1999) who posited that
whenever a young person encounters a media
depiction or portrayal of a particular behaviour, the
potential exists for that behaviour to be imitated.
Thus, advertisements do influence adolescents in
urban schools to abuse substances. This usually have
a negative impact on the lives of the adolescents who
behave awkwardly in their neighbourhoods and the
community as a whole. From observation as a
secondary school facilitator, the abuse of substances
have caused health problems to some of these
adolescents in urban schools in Cameroon. Some
usually drop out of school due to mental imbalance
and inability to concentrate on their studies.
To add, findings according to the guidance counselors
and discipline masters’ opinions indicated that the
social media influence adolescent students toward
substance abuse in urban schools in Cameroon. They
said the social media influence some adolescents to
consume substances as they imitate or copy all what
they see on social media. The Council on
Communications and Media Policy Statement (2010)
confirms by stating that social media usage provides
new opportunities for exposure to unhealthy
substances because they are advertised more often on
digital media, which make adolescents to copy.
Guidance counsellors and discipline masters indicated
that some adolescents start consuming substances
after following advertisements on social media whose
content was on drug consumption. This is in
congruence with Roberts et al., (1999) who found that
young people are more likely to learn and imitate
behaviours performed by those who they perceive as
attractive, successful, or powerful role models, or
when associated with positive outcomes such as
social approval. This is also in conformity with the
Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977) which
purports that the likelihood of imitation depends on
the context surrounding the portrayal, particularly the
consequences attached to the behaviour. Finally, the
guidance counsellors and discipline masters added
that the watching of pornographic videos, playing of
games and scamming on social media also influence
some adolescents to start abusing substances. Kaplan
and Haenlein (2010) mentioned that while getting
acquainted with friends on the social media,
adolescents become exposed to deviant characters
which are harmful to their well-being.
Demographically, male adolescent students in urban
schools in Cameroon are influenced more by the
social media to take substances than female
adolescents. By age, the perceptions of the
adolescents did not significantly differ as most of
them accepted that the social media has a lot of
influence on them as far as substance abuse is
concerned.According to Davies et al. (2015), lifestyle
choices and social networks can often influence one’s
substance use risk. By school type, adolescents from
confessional and lay Private schools are more
influenced by social media than those from
Government schools. By class, and religion, findings
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showed that a significant proportion of adolescent
students are influenced by social media. Generally,
this implies that according to demographic data, a
good number of adolescent student in urban schools
in Cameroon abuse substances due to the influence of
the social media. This is in line with Morojele &
Ramsomar (2016) who found that substance abuse
often develops in the transitional phase of
adolescence, a time when puberty and physical
growth are occurring and when a young person seeks
independence. Adolescents in this study are at the
transitional stage which is a stage of risk taking,
exploration and experimentation.
This study found that adolescents who are between 12
and 22 years of age abuse substances. This was also
confirmed by previous studies that the mean age for
the onset of substance abuse is 12 (Karen Lesly,
2008; Parrot et al. 2004). Some adolescents in this
study reported that they wanted to experiment with
substances. This was also confirmed by previous
studies (Donald et al., 2007; Parrott et al., 2004).
Also, according to findings in this study, a significant
number of adolescent students abuse substances. The
students indicated that those involved are often
aggressive and involved in criminal acts. The results
were in accordance with the findings of Sandra et al.
(2021) who say adolescents’ substance abuse
continue to be a growing major public health concern
in Africa. This also concurs with Boyd (1995) who is
of the opinion that substance abuse in adolescents can
be associated with other high risk behaviours such as
violence, and destruction of private property. On their
part, Olawole et al (2018) stipulate that substance
abuse leads to sexual violence (e.g. rape), physical
violence, criminal activity, neglect of social
responsibilities, disease, injury and even loss of life.
Findings showed that some adolescent students take
substances because of frustration/ anxiety/stress while
others do so because of boredom/loneliness. Also,
some adolescent students take substances because of
the need for social acceptance, the need to perform or
achieve better and due to instability in the society.
This result is confirmed by Romo-Avilés et al. (2016)
who state that intermittent or intensive substance use
is linked to the adolescent’s need for activities that
resonate with being ‘cool or fun’ and unrestrained
self-indulgence; for a happy mood and peer sanction
as key motivations. When faced with academic or
social difficulties, some adolescent students in urban
schools in Cameroon rather seek solace from
substances. The effect of this is often very unpleasant
as some of them end up performing very poorly in
school.The findings also showed that adolescent
students always experience problems sleeping after
taking substances and at times, substances change
their attitudes and personality. This is confirmed by
Sandra et al (2013) who emphasise the fact that
substance abuse leads to appetite changes, weight
loss, headaches, sleep disturbance and depression.
Dependent adolescents are absent from school while
spending their time abusing substances. They end up
obtaining poor marks and failing at the end of the
year. This has a negative impact on the budget
allocated to schools. In addition, strategies that may
be employed to improve academic performance of
these adolescents may be costly in terms of time and
finances required to implement such strategies. The
strategies may include, but not limited to convening
meetings, writing letters and contacting parents
through telephone calls to discuss learners’ behaviour
and academic performance.
Findings from the perspectives of those interviewed
showed that poverty, personal problems, stress,
curiosity, violence, anxiety, phobia and depression
caused adolescent students in urban schools in
Cameroon to abuse substances. This is in line with
Babatunde et al. (2012) who say many factors have
been identified to be responsible for drug abuse
among young people, which include: experimental
curiosity, peer pressure, boredom, poor socio-
economic condition at homes and the need for extra
energy for daily activities among others. Therefore
the general findings showed that the adolescent
students in urban schools in Cameroon abuse
substances due to a culmination of factors. The
students are not aware of the life threatening effects
of these substances. The use of substances will
shorten their life span and impact negatively on the
already depleted scarce health resources. A lot of
money will have to be spent in health and
rehabilitation centres to help these adolescents to stop
consuming substances.
Conclusion
Secondary school education is regarded as the most
important stage in the educational cycle of a child as
it is the level at which learners acquire proficiency in
both academic and applied subjects. Students sit for
an examinations at the end of the five and seven
year’s secondary education respectively, that is used
for certification purposes and selection of those to be
admitted for courses in high school and universities or
training in post-secondary institutions. A case of
drugs and substance abuse among adolescent students
has been on the increase in Cameroon. This study
examined the influence of social media and
prevention of substance abuse among adolescents in
urban schools in Cameroon. The study found that the
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social media influenced substance abuse among
adolescents in urban schools in Cameroon.
The findings showed that majority of the respondents
said health education, counseling, parental advice,
avoidance of temptation, imitating good models,
community involvement, practicing stress and
management skills, seeking help from mental illness,
adolescent advocates and punishing adolescent who
consume drugs can help reduce/stop/curb/assist in
controlling the vice. The conclusion drawn from these
observations was that guidance and counseling, strict
enforcement of school rules and regulations,
punishment and effective communication between
students and school administration are strategies for
curbing substance abuse among adolescent students.
This means that controlling substance abuse requires
a blend of strategies from the government, school
authorities, stakeholders and parents for it to be
effective. The need to control the use of social media
by the adolescents was imperative in the study.
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