This document summarizes the design and testing of a 2.4 GHz microstrip patch antenna with a single slot for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The antenna was designed to improve the bandwidth and performance of conventional microstrip patch antennas. Simulation results showed a return loss of -37.5 dB and an impedance bandwidth of 2.3-2.6 GHz. Experimental testing agreed with simulations. The antenna achieved a gain of 5 dB and has applications in mobile communications, satellite communications, and wireless personal area networks due to its compact size, broadband capability, and high gain.

1. ISSN: 2278 – 1323
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology
Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012
A 2.4 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna with a Single Slot for
WLAN Application
Rahul Singh Rathore1, Sudeep Baudha2 , Shrikant Pandey3
Department of Electronics & Communication, Gyan Ganga College of technology, Jabalpur (M.P)
1
rahulsinghrathore12@yahoo.co.in, 2sudeepbaudha@gmail.com, 3shrikantpandey2009@gmail.com
ABSTRACT- A newly design technique many techniques have been suggested e.g., for
for enhancing Bandwidth that improves single slot, microstrip patch antennas on
the performance of a conventional electrically thick substrate, slotted patch
microstrip patch antenna is proposed. antenna have been proposed and investigated.
This paper presents a novel wideband In general, the impedance bandwidth of a patch
slot antenna. The design adopts antenna is proportional to the antenna volume,
contemporary techniques; A single slot measured in wavelengths. However, by using
patch antenna structure. The effect of single slot patch with the walls at the substrate,
these techniques and by introducing the one can obtain enhanced impedance band
novel single shaped patch, offer a low width. A simple patch antenna with basic
profile, broadband, high gain, and rectangular patch operates in a single frequency
compact antenna element. The result band. A patch antenna intended to operate at a
showed satisfactory performance with center resonance frequency fr mounted on a
maximum achievable return loss - substrate having dielectric constant εr would
37.5db and a fractional impedance have length L and width W of the patch as
bandwidth of 2.3GHZ-2.6GHZ. The found from the following equations neglecting
design is suitable for mobile the fringing effect.
c
communication, satellite Leff 
communication & WPAN. 2 f 0  reff
1

 o   r  1 2
W
I. INTRODUCTION 2  2 
 
Microstrip patch antennas have several well-
known advantages, such as low profile, low
and
cost, light weight, ease of fabrication and  r  1  r 1 1
 eff  1
conformity. However, the microstrip antenna 2 2
 h 2
inherently has a low gain and a narrow 1  12 
 w
bandwidth. To overcome its inherent limitation
of narrow impedance bandwidth and low gain,
139
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2. ISSN: 2278 – 1323
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology
Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012
II. ANTENNA GEOMETRY a slot antenna. Gain of the antenna
AND DESIGN reaches 5dB with an operating frequency
A low-profile microstrip slot patch antenna is 2.4 GHZ.
proposed as shown in Fig. 1. Rectangular The overall impedance bandwidth (retum loss
geometries were simulated to optimize the reaches -37.5 dB). The measurement results
performance, starting with a rectangular patch agree well with the predicted ones. The central
antenna on a rectangular ground plane and frequency over the frequency range of interest
ending up with an slot shape, for both the is 2.4 GHz. The overall antenna thickness is
radiator and the ground plane. The about 62mil. results of the return loss and input
conventional shape of slot patch antenna shown impedance behaviour of the proposed single-
in Fig. 1 has a substrate 124.4mm*93.3mm. patch slot antenna frequencies is obtained.
Slot length of 62.2 mm, width 3.11mm and fr is Fig. 2 shows the simulated and measured return
2.4GHZ. loss with a single band whose measured
bandwidth is 2.3GHZ – 2.6GHZ at -10dB.
XY Plot 2 Slot_Antenna_ADKv1 ANSOFT
0.00
Curve Info
dB(S(p1,p1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
-5.00
-10.00
-15.00
dB(S(p1,p1))
-20.00
-25.00
-30.00
-35.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Freq [GHz]
Fig.2: Measured return loss
ff_2D_GainTotal Slot_Antenna_ADKv1 ANSOFT
10.00
Curve Info
dB(GainTotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Fig.1: Slot Antenna (Top view) 5.00
Phi='0deg'
dB(GainTotal)_1
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Phi='90deg'
III. SIMULATION AND -0.00
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -5.00
The antenna performance was investigated
Y1
numerically and experimentally. The -10.00
simulation was done using the -15.00
commercial simulator HFSS ver. 13, When the
parameters of the proposed antenna are selected -20.00
as indicated in Figs. 1. Fig. 3 shows the gain of -25.00
-200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00
Theta [deg]
Fig.3:Gain of the Antenna
140
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3. ISSN: 2278 – 1323
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology
Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012
Smith Chart 1 Slot_Antenna_ADKv1 ANSOFT
90 Curve Info
100 80
110 1.00 70 S(p1,p1)
120 60 Setup1 : Sw eep1
130 50
0.50 2.00
140 40
150 30
160 0.20 5.00 20
achieve a wide impedance bandwidth (return
170 10 loss < - 10dB) over the frequency range from
180
0.00
0.00
0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00
0
2.3 GHz to 2.6 GHz.Cause of the good
-170 -10
bandwidth and its range it is very suitable for
-160 -0.20 -5.00 -20
the WPAN and satellite communication
-150 -30
applications. The measured and simulated
-140 -40 results are in good agreement
-0.50 -2.00
-130 -50
-120 -60
-110 -1.00 -70
-100 -90 -80
V. REFERENCES
Fig.4 :Smith Chart Radiation pattern [1] Linxi Zhang, Qi Zhang,, “The Influence of Dielectric
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[4] M.A. Matin, B.S. Sharif. C.C. Teesimenidis, “Broadband
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In this paper a novel slot antenna with single- [5] Wang jain Zhang Hou Huang Wenli Huang Xueyu, “A
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[7] Ting-Hua Liu & Wen-Xun Zhang, “Compound techniques
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Asia Pacific Microwave Conference 1997.
patch antenna is successfully designed in this
paper. The proposed microstrip patch antenna
achieves a fractional bandwidth of (2.3 to 2.6
GHz) at 10 dB return loss . The maximum
achievable gain of the antenna is 5 dBi. By
carefully displacing one feed from the
principal axes of the single patch delicately, it
is possible to realise resonant modes and
141
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