IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A wideband dielectric resonator antenna with a cross slot aperture for 5G com...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper represents design of a wideband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator antenna fed by an aperture coupled technique. A bandwidth of 2.2 GHz has been achieved using a cross slot aperture in a ground plane for Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA). The simulated gain value achieved is 6.5 dBi. The Rectangular Dielectric Resonator which has been designed in this paper can be used in 5G application frequency band of 24.25-27.5 GHz. The calculated percentage bandwidth is 15.38%. An optimization of slot dimensions has also mentioned which can help to select a desired impedance match. The measured gain and bandwidth are efficient to use this design for various 5G applications. This unit cell wideband DRA can be used for millimeter wave frequencies of 5G.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Analysis of Dual Band bandpass Filters using with Arbitrary Band Ratiosijtsrd
This paper proposes the variable reflection angle of meta surface composed of the double layered FSS (Frequency SelectiveSurface) and the ground. The meta-surface can steer the reflection direction of the incident wave by shifting the lower FSS. It is clarified that the gradient of the reflection phase in the reflection direction steering plane (x-z plane) are changed by the shift amount of lower FSS. A miniaturized dual-band frequency selective surfaces with second-order band-pass response at each operation band is presented. The design is implemented by cascading a two-dimensional periodic array of double square loops and an array of wire grids. The proposed structure composed of three metal and two dielectric layers acts as a spatial dual band microwave filter with large band separation. The predicted FSS has the merits of broadband response, excellent stability for different incident angles, and sharp roll-off at X- and Ka-band, respectively.Key-words:- Dual Band, FSS, steering etc. Payal Jindal | Dr. Sudheer Kumar Sharma | Dr. Rashid Hussain"An Analysis of Dual Band bandpass Filters using with Arbitrary Band Ratios" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7102.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/7102/an-analysis-of-dual-band-bandpass-filters-using-with-arbitrary-band-ratios/payal-jindal
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A wideband dielectric resonator antenna with a cross slot aperture for 5G com...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper represents design of a wideband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator antenna fed by an aperture coupled technique. A bandwidth of 2.2 GHz has been achieved using a cross slot aperture in a ground plane for Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA). The simulated gain value achieved is 6.5 dBi. The Rectangular Dielectric Resonator which has been designed in this paper can be used in 5G application frequency band of 24.25-27.5 GHz. The calculated percentage bandwidth is 15.38%. An optimization of slot dimensions has also mentioned which can help to select a desired impedance match. The measured gain and bandwidth are efficient to use this design for various 5G applications. This unit cell wideband DRA can be used for millimeter wave frequencies of 5G.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Analysis of Dual Band bandpass Filters using with Arbitrary Band Ratiosijtsrd
This paper proposes the variable reflection angle of meta surface composed of the double layered FSS (Frequency SelectiveSurface) and the ground. The meta-surface can steer the reflection direction of the incident wave by shifting the lower FSS. It is clarified that the gradient of the reflection phase in the reflection direction steering plane (x-z plane) are changed by the shift amount of lower FSS. A miniaturized dual-band frequency selective surfaces with second-order band-pass response at each operation band is presented. The design is implemented by cascading a two-dimensional periodic array of double square loops and an array of wire grids. The proposed structure composed of three metal and two dielectric layers acts as a spatial dual band microwave filter with large band separation. The predicted FSS has the merits of broadband response, excellent stability for different incident angles, and sharp roll-off at X- and Ka-band, respectively.Key-words:- Dual Band, FSS, steering etc. Payal Jindal | Dr. Sudheer Kumar Sharma | Dr. Rashid Hussain"An Analysis of Dual Band bandpass Filters using with Arbitrary Band Ratios" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7102.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/7102/an-analysis-of-dual-band-bandpass-filters-using-with-arbitrary-band-ratios/payal-jindal
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
In this paper, variations in the capacitive fed suspended RMSA configurations have been proposed. Initially, the reference antenna consists of rectangular patch of size of (35.5 X 45.6) mm2 and a small rectangular feed patch of size of (1.4 X 4) mm2 residing on the same substrate suspended above the ground plane. Coaxial probe is used to feed the small patch which in turn excites the radiator patch electromagnetically, yielding a large impedance bandwidth (BW) of 39%, with good gain and broadside radiation pattern. By, meandering the ground plane of reference antenna with three rectangular slots, the prototype antenna is fabricated and measurement has been carried out to validate the result for compact broadband response. Later, by loading a pair of rectangular slots in the radiating patch of the reference antenna in addition to the rectangular slots in the ground plane, the prototype antenna is fabricated and measurement has been carried out to validate the result for compact dual band response.
Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with reactive load design for wireles...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
Abstract
This paper presents a design of microstrip antenna for IEEE 802.11b and for IEEE 802.11g using a nearly square patch antenna, excited by a standard miniature adapter probe feed line. The patch and ground plain are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch is loaded by a central shorting pin and feeding probe loaded by a series capacitor. This antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of (WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern.
The proposed antennas have been simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave Office 2008 v8.0. The results show that the bandwidth of the antenna increases by using reactive load. The simulated gain of the antenna is over 6 dB.
2008 IEEE AP-S-Internal Wideband Monopole Antenna For MIMO Access-Point Appli...Saou-Wen Su
A three-antenna MIMO system capable of generating a wide operating bandwidth of 2400-5850 MHz for access-point applications is introduced. The proposed design is based on a bent metal-plate monopole antenna with a compact size of 20 × 20 × 14 mm3. The three antennas are equally spaced along the perimeter of a circular ground and all generate a wide bandwidth of larger than 4 GHz. With the antenna short-circuiting facing the center of the ground, not only the overall antenna size is reduced but also good isolation of less than -20 dB can easily be obtained. Calculated envelope correlation is also less than 0.002 across the operating band.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Review and study of the design technique of Microstrip Patch Antenna Techno...IJERA Editor
In this paper,study and survey of microstrip antenna elements is presented, with emphasis on theoretical and
practical design techniques and material used, as previous study have been proved that material used play
significant role in the performance such as gain ,directivity ,frequency of radiation Available substrate materials
are reviewed along with the relation between dielectric constant tolerance and resonant frequency of microstrip
patches. Several theoretical analysis techniques are summarized. Practical procedures are given for both
standard rectangular and circular patches. The quality, bandwidth, and efficiency factors of typical patch designs
are discussed.
Very-Low-Cost Copper-Wire Antenna for 2.4-GHz WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A very-low-cost copper-wire antenna, easily fabricated by bending a single 70-mm-long copper wire two times, for WLAN operation in the 2.4 GHz band (2400-2484 MHz) is presented. The antenna has a very simple structure and is easily fed by using a 50- mini-coaxial cable. A prototype of the proposed antenna with the overall dimensions 40 mm x 5 mm is constructed and tested.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This paper proposes a flexible compact bowtie antenna for medical application that operates at 2.45 GHz. The proposed antennas are miniaturized using meander technique. Both substrates and conducting material of the antenna are made of flexible material semi-transparent film as the substrate and shieldit fabric as the conducting material which suitable for wearable and on body application. The results show that the total length of the antenna is significantly reduced by up to 38%. However, the gain of the antenna is slightly decreased when the size of the antenna become smaller. The results of this research could provide guidance and has significant implication for future development of wearable electronics especially in medical monitoring application.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
In this paper, variations in the capacitive fed suspended RMSA configurations have been proposed. Initially, the reference antenna consists of rectangular patch of size of (35.5 X 45.6) mm2 and a small rectangular feed patch of size of (1.4 X 4) mm2 residing on the same substrate suspended above the ground plane. Coaxial probe is used to feed the small patch which in turn excites the radiator patch electromagnetically, yielding a large impedance bandwidth (BW) of 39%, with good gain and broadside radiation pattern. By, meandering the ground plane of reference antenna with three rectangular slots, the prototype antenna is fabricated and measurement has been carried out to validate the result for compact broadband response. Later, by loading a pair of rectangular slots in the radiating patch of the reference antenna in addition to the rectangular slots in the ground plane, the prototype antenna is fabricated and measurement has been carried out to validate the result for compact dual band response.
Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with reactive load design for wireles...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
Abstract
This paper presents a design of microstrip antenna for IEEE 802.11b and for IEEE 802.11g using a nearly square patch antenna, excited by a standard miniature adapter probe feed line. The patch and ground plain are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch is loaded by a central shorting pin and feeding probe loaded by a series capacitor. This antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of (WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern.
The proposed antennas have been simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave Office 2008 v8.0. The results show that the bandwidth of the antenna increases by using reactive load. The simulated gain of the antenna is over 6 dB.
2008 IEEE AP-S-Internal Wideband Monopole Antenna For MIMO Access-Point Appli...Saou-Wen Su
A three-antenna MIMO system capable of generating a wide operating bandwidth of 2400-5850 MHz for access-point applications is introduced. The proposed design is based on a bent metal-plate monopole antenna with a compact size of 20 × 20 × 14 mm3. The three antennas are equally spaced along the perimeter of a circular ground and all generate a wide bandwidth of larger than 4 GHz. With the antenna short-circuiting facing the center of the ground, not only the overall antenna size is reduced but also good isolation of less than -20 dB can easily be obtained. Calculated envelope correlation is also less than 0.002 across the operating band.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Review and study of the design technique of Microstrip Patch Antenna Techno...IJERA Editor
In this paper,study and survey of microstrip antenna elements is presented, with emphasis on theoretical and
practical design techniques and material used, as previous study have been proved that material used play
significant role in the performance such as gain ,directivity ,frequency of radiation Available substrate materials
are reviewed along with the relation between dielectric constant tolerance and resonant frequency of microstrip
patches. Several theoretical analysis techniques are summarized. Practical procedures are given for both
standard rectangular and circular patches. The quality, bandwidth, and efficiency factors of typical patch designs
are discussed.
Very-Low-Cost Copper-Wire Antenna for 2.4-GHz WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A very-low-cost copper-wire antenna, easily fabricated by bending a single 70-mm-long copper wire two times, for WLAN operation in the 2.4 GHz band (2400-2484 MHz) is presented. The antenna has a very simple structure and is easily fed by using a 50- mini-coaxial cable. A prototype of the proposed antenna with the overall dimensions 40 mm x 5 mm is constructed and tested.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This paper proposes a flexible compact bowtie antenna for medical application that operates at 2.45 GHz. The proposed antennas are miniaturized using meander technique. Both substrates and conducting material of the antenna are made of flexible material semi-transparent film as the substrate and shieldit fabric as the conducting material which suitable for wearable and on body application. The results show that the total length of the antenna is significantly reduced by up to 38%. However, the gain of the antenna is slightly decreased when the size of the antenna become smaller. The results of this research could provide guidance and has significant implication for future development of wearable electronics especially in medical monitoring application.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
My wife, Rosalyn San Antonio, created this powerpoint presentation as a gift to for our 7th Marriage Anniversary. The song is entitled "Forevermore" by the "Side A", a band popular here in the Philippines.
To the owners of the song and/or music that is used, "Copyright Infringement" is not intended, please let us keep the music on our video.
Thanks for the great music.
This course is intended to give an overview of the nature of hash functions, their cryptographic and security properties and time-stamping as a practical usage for hash functions.
The first part of the lecture series gives an overview of what hash functions are. In the second part, we take a look at the cryptographic security requirements for hash functions. The third part of the series deals with the matter of security properties of hash functions.
In the fourth part, we explore hash functions which are provably secure but inefficient and hash functions which can be used practically. The fifth part in the series shows a practical application of hash functions on the example of time-stamping.
In the sixth and seventh part of the lectures, we look at security requirements for hash functions used in time-stamping and ways of proving how specific hash functions meet requirements for hash functions.
Lecturer Ahto Buldas is a professor at Tallinn University of Technology and University of Tartu, specializing in complexity theory, combinatorics, cryptography and data security. He has worked extensively with hash functions and their usage in timestamping and together with Margus Niitsoo in 2010 showed how global scale time-stamping can be used with 256-bit hash functions.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In the recent years the improvement in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Micro strip patch antenna. In this paper, we designed a rectangular micro strip patch antenna at 3.8GHz and study the effect of antenna dimension Length (L), Width (W), substrate parameter relative dielectric constant (€r ) substrate thickness (h) and radiation pattern using Ansoft HFSS. It even describes the increasing effect of Gain and Directivity. The Proposed antenna also presents the detail steps of designing the micro strip antenna and the simulated result. The feeding technique used to feed the antenna is coaxial probe feeding technique. Micro strip patch antenna is used in many fields like Antenna and mobile communication, Filters, PCB board model and EMC and EMI. Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) substrate with a dielectric constant of approximately 2.2, is a feed and has a partial ground plane. The gain and directivity of the designed antenna is 7.7082 dB and 7.76882dB respectively.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
REVIEW OF FRACTAL TECHNIQUES FOR DESIGNING MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR X BANDIJEEE
This paper on fractal techniques for designing microstrip antenna exhibits details of fractal geometries developed to get multiband behavior of patch resonator antenna. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by fractal geometry on microstrip patch antenna for X band used for satellite communication and radar application are presented.
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
Comparative Analysis for Different Stack Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennaijsrd.com
A compact stack antenna consisting of square patch, loop couplers and inset feed line is reviewed in this work. This proposed design represents a stacked patch antenna having an arrangement of two substrates separated by an air gape and a coupling is provided using square loop structure. The structure is reviewed in two different directions firstly the feed arrangement is varied and secondly a variation in coupler structure is done to make the antenna work at multiple frequencies in UWB range. The simulation results of this work with different resonator structure and feed structures are presented and comparative analysis of these different arrangements is presented in this paper. Simulation results obtained from the proposed antenna for return loss, polar radiation and pattern voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) shows its suitability for ultra wide band application.
Design of Micro strip Antenna in Ism Band with Polarization Diversity and Fre...paperpublications3
Abstract: In the modern world especially during the last two decades, Wireless communications has been developed widely and rapidly. In future, development in personal communication devices will provide image, speech and data communications at any time, and anywhere around the world. It shows that the future communication terminal antennas must meet the requirements of multi-band or wideband operations to cover the frequency band of operation. Frequency agile antennas in ISM band (2.4-2.4835) GHz that support diversity polarization provides excellent performance for applications including multifunction radar, space-based platforms, wireless communications, and personal electronic devices. To reduce the transmission losses, matching in polarization in both the transmitter and receiver antennas is very much important. In this paper we will design two microstrip antenna one with linearly polarized and other with circularly polarized in 2.4 GHz ISM band with frequency agility in 2.4-2.4835 GHz. In both the design single feeding is used. This paper presents a new design for a linearly polarized antenna based on rectangular microstrip patch. Circular polarization is generated by truncating two opposite edges from a rectangular patch antenna. The truncation splits the field with equal magnitude and 90° phase shift into two orthogonal modes. Both the antennas are simulated with high frequency simulating software (HFSS).
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Lc2519321935
1. Dr.Naveen Hemrajani, Mrs.Sandhya Sharma, Mr. Rashid Hussain, Ravi Kumar / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1932-1935
Bandwidth Enhancement In Wireless Applications By Using H-
Shape Slot Microstrip Aperture Coupled Antenna
Dr.Naveen Hemrajani*, Mrs.Sandhya Sharma**, Mr. Rashid Hussain**,
Ravi Kumar***
*Associate Professor, CSE, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur,India.
** Associate Professor, E&C, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur,India.
*** (M-Tech Scholar-DWCE, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur,India)
ABSTRACT
In this paper a wideband dual polarized bandwidth. The larger bandwidth is because of a
antenna is designed, manufactured and reduction in the quality factor (Q) of the patch
measured. Slot coupled patch antenna structure resonator, which is due to less energy being stored
is considered in order to achieve the wideband beneath the patch. Consider figure 1 below, which
characteristic. Although rectangular shaped slot shows a rectangular microstrip patch antenna of
coupled patch antennas are widely used in most length L, width W resting on a substrate of height h.
of the applications, their utilization in dual The co-ordinate axis is selected such that the length
polarized antenna structures is not feasible due is along the x direction, width is along the y
to space limitation. For a rectangular slot, the direction and the height is along the z direction. Fig-
parameter that effects the amount of coupling is 1
the slot length. On the other hand when a H-
shaped slot is considered, both the length of the
center arm and the length of the side legs
determine the coupling efficiency. This flexibility
about the optimization parameters of the H-
shaped slot makes it possible to position the two
coupling slots within the boundaries of the patch
antenna. In order to investigate the effects of slot
and antenna dimensions on the bandwidth of the
antenna, a parametric study is performed by
HFSS simulator.
Keywords: MSA, patch antenna, slot coupled
patch antenna.
I. INTRODUCTION
The need for antennas to cover very wide
bandwidth is of continuing importance, particularly
in the field of electronic warfare and wideband radar
Fig-1 microstrip patch antenna
and measuring system. Although microstrip patch
antennas have many very desirable features, they
generally suffer from limited bandwidth. So the II.ANALYSIS METHOD FOR
most important disadvantage of microstrip resonator MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
antenna is their narrow bandwidth. To overcome The preferred models for the analysis of
this problem without disturbing their principle microstrip patch antennas are the transmission line
advantage (such as simple printed circuit structure, model, cavity model, and full wave model (which
planar profile, light weight and cheapness),a number include primarily integral equations/Moment
of methods and structures have recently been Method). The transmission line model is the
investigated. In this regard we can mention simplest of all and itngives good physical insight.
multilayer structures [1], broad folded flat dipoles
[2], curved line and spiral antennas [3], impedance 1. TRANSMISSION LINE MODEL
matched resonator antennas [4], resonator antennas This model represents the microstrip
with capacity coupled parasitic patch element [5], antenna by two slots of width W and height h,
log periodic structures [6,7], modified shaped patch separated by a transmission line of length L. The
antenna (H-shaped [8]). In the present paper H- microstrip is essentially a nonhomogeneous line of
shaped microstrip patch antenna analyzed and two dielectrics, typically the substrate and air.
compared with rectangular patch antenna.
The H-shaped patch antenna here has a size less
than the rectangular patch antenna with larger
1932 | P a g e
2. Dr.Naveen Hemrajani, Mrs.Sandhya Sharma, Mr. Rashid Hussain, Ravi Kumar / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1932-1935
It is seen from figure 4 that the normal components
of the electric field at the two edges along the width
are in opposite directions and thus out of phase since
the patch is λ /2 long and hence they cancel each
other in the broadside direction. The tangential
components (seen in figure 4), which are in phase,
means that the resulting fields combine to give
maximum radiated field normal to the surface of the
structure. Hence the edges along the width can be
Fig 2 Electric field lines between patch and ground represented as two radiating slots, which are λ/2
plane apart and excited in phase and radiating in the half
Hence seen from figure 2 most of the space above the ground plane. The fringing fields
electric field lines reside in the substrate and parts of along the width can be modeled as radiating slots
some lines in air. As a result, this transmission line and electrically the patch of the microstrip antenna
cannot support pure transverse electric – magnetic looks greater than its physical dimensions. The
(TEM) mode of transmission, since the phase dimensions of the patch along its length have now
velocities would be different in the air and the been extended on each end by a distance ΔL, which
substrate. Instead, the dominant mode of is
propagation would be the quasi-TEM mode. Hence,
an effective dielectric constant (ε re ), must be
obtained in order to account for the fringing and the
wave propagation in the line. The value of ε re is
slightly less than εr because the fringing fields
around the periphery of the patch are not confined in
the dielectric substrate but are also spread in the air The effective length of the patch Leff now becomes
Leff =L+2ΔL
as shown in figure above . The expression for ε re is
III.DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR
MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
Rectangular aperture coupled antenna is
investigated with resonant frequency at 2.21 GHz.
Where εreff = Effective dielectric constant
The parametric analysis is done for each variable
εr = Dielectric constant of substrate
Design, an a l ysi s a n d si m ul a t i on r esult s
h = Height of dielectric substrate obt a i n ed for r e c t a n g ul a r Aper t ur e c ou p l e d
W = width of the patch microstrip antenna at 2.21GHz will be presented,
In order to operate in the fundamental with the evaluation of various parameters’ effects
TM10 mode, the length of the patch must be slightly on the optimization of design. The parameters are
less than λ/2 where λ is the wavelength in the analyzed one by one, with the particular effect
dielectric medium and is equal to λo/√εreff where λo on antenna performance, within the next
is the free space wavelength. In figure 3 shown subsections. Figure 5 shows the antenna
given below, the microstrip patch antenna is
represented by two slots, separated by a
transmission line of length L and open circuit at
both the ends. Along the width of patch the voltage
is maximum and current is minimum due to the
open ends. The fields at the edges can be resolved
into normal and tangential components with respect
to the ground plane.
Fig. 5 Rectangular slot MSA
Where Lp = Patch Length=40mm, Wp =
Fig. 3 Top View of Antenna. Fig.4 Side View of Patch Width=30mm, Wap = Width of rectangular
Antenna Aperture=1.55mm, Lap = Length of rectangular
Aperture=12mm, L1 = Microstrip feed line
1933 | P a g e
3. Dr.Naveen Hemrajani, Mrs.Sandhya Sharma, Mr. Rashid Hussain, Ravi Kumar / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1932-1935
length=50mm, W1 = Microstrip redline Figure 6 the antenna.
width=4.42mm, xof = offset in x direction
(resonance direction)=0mm, yof =offset in y
direction (direction orthogonal to resonance
direction)=0mm, LM = Stub length=16mm.
Terminal S-Parameter Plot –Magnitude is
Ansoft Corporation XY Plot 15 HFSSDesign1
0.00
Curve Info
dB(St(t1,t1))
-5.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1
-10.00
-15.00
dB(St(t1,t1))
-20.00
-25.00
-30.00
-35.00
-40.00
-45.00
Fig.6 H-shaped slot MSA
1.00 1.50 2.00
Freq [GHz]
2.50 3.00 3.50
Where Lp = Patch Length=40mm, Wp =
Patch Width=30mm, ls1=length of H Aperture
Radiation Pattern: center leg=6mm, ws1=width of H Aperture center
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 10 HFSSDesign1
0 Curve Info
leg= ls2=length of H Aperture side leg=1.55mm,
-30 30
dB(rETotal)
Setup1 : Sw eep1
ws2=width of H Aperture side leg=4mm, L1 =
0.00 Phi='0deg'
dB(rETotal) Microstrip feedline length=50mm, Wf = Microstrip
-10.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1
-60 60 Phi='90deg'
feedline width=4.42mm, xof = offset in x direction
-20.00
(resonance direction)=0mm, yof =offset in y
-30.00
direction (direction orthogonal to resonance
-90 90
direction)=1 mm, LM = Stub length=20mm.
Terminal S-Parameter Plot –Magnitude is:
-120 120 Ansoft Corporation XY Plot 35 HFSSDesign1
0.00
Curve Info
dB(St(t1,t1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
-150 150
-5.00
-180
Gain: -10.00
dB(St(t1,t1))
-15.00
-20.00
-25.00
-30.00
-35.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
Freq [GHz]
Radiation Pattern:
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 11 HFSSDesign1
0 Curve Info
dB(rETotal)
-30 30 Setup1 : Sw eep1
-1.00 Phi='0deg'
dB(rETotal)
-7.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1
Phi='90deg'
-60 60
-13.00
-19.00
-90 90
IV DESIGN OF H-SHAPED MICROSTRIP -120 120
PATCH ANTENNA
-150 150
H-shaped aperature coupled antenna is -180
investigated with resonant frequency at 2.21 GHz. Gain:
The parametric analysis is done for each variable.
1934 | P a g e
4. Dr.Naveen Hemrajani, Mrs.Sandhya Sharma, Mr. Rashid Hussain, Ravi Kumar / International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1932-1935
“Impedance matching of microstrip
resonator antennas” proceeding of the north
American radio science meeting , quebec
P.189.1980.
[6]. H.Pues ,Ir.J.. Bogarers,Ir. , R.pieck,Ir and
A. Van De Capelle, Dr. Ir. “Wideband
quassi-log periodic microstrip
antenna”,IEE PROC,Vol 128,pt. H,No.3,pp
159-163,june 2009.
[7]. V.B.Romodin,V.I.Oznobikhin and V.V.
Kopylov,”log periodic microstrip array”,
IEE-Russia Conference mia-mep 9,1999.
[8]. Ravikant and D.C.Dhubkarya,”Design and
Analysis of H-shape microstrip patch
antenna”, publication in the “Global
Journal of Research in Engineering
Comparative analysis ”,Vol.10 Issue 6 (Ver 1.0), PP 26-
Antenna type/ Rectangular H-Shaped MSA 29,Nov.2010.
Properties MSA
Resonance 2.21Ghz 2.21Ghz
Frequency
Bandwidth 2.75% 3.73%
Return Loss -43 -24.3
Gain 4.43 4.6864
VI. CONCLUSION
Two aspects of microstrip antennas have
been studied. The first aspect is the design of typical
rectangular antenna and the second is the design of
slot cut H-shaped microstrip antenna. The main
concern is to study the bandwidth improvement of
the microstrip antenna. Antenna design is done by
using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
H-shaped MSA has higher bandwidth (3.73 %) than
rectangular MSA (2.75 %).The bandwidth is
enhanced 35.63 % by using H shape slot.
REFERENCES
[1]. Hall, P.S. Ward,C and Garrett,C,”wide
bandwidth microstrip antennas for circuit
integration”,Electron let. 15 pp 458-
460,1979
[2]. Dubost,G.,Nicolars,M. and
Havot,H.”Theory an application of
broadband microstrip antennas”,
proceedings of the 6th European microwave
conference, Rome,pp 215-219,1976.
[3]. Ward,C,”curved microstrip lines as
compact wideband circularly polarized
antennas”,IEE J.MICROWAVES,opt &
acoust 3 pp5-13,1989.
[4]. Van De capelle, A, De Bruyne J.
Verstraete, M.pues H. and Vandensande J.
”microstrip spiral antennas”, proceeding of
the international IEEE Symposium on
Antennas & Propagation, Seattle,pp 383-
386,1999.
[5]. Pues H.F. and Van De Capelle A.R.
1935 | P a g e