1.3 Comportamiento de las cargas. Conceptos de demanda, perfiles y factores de demanda, de diversidad y de carga.

1. LOAD BEHAVIOR
According to our current conception of matter, the electric charge is a property that
arises from the very structure of matter, its atomic structure.
This idea is that matter is composed of atoms, which are formed by the same amount
of positive and negative electric charges (in addition to electrically neutral particles).
Coulomb found experimentally that the force of attraction or repulsion, between
charges of opposite or equal signs, respectively, are directly proportional to the
product of the intensity of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of
distance between them.
To get a body to be charged electrically we require that there be an excess of one
of the two types of positive or negative charge, which we can achieve by using
different processes.
DEMAND CONCEPTS, PROFILES AND DEMAND
FACTORS
The electric demand is a measure of the average rate of the electrical consumption
of its facilities in intervals of 15 minutes.
In general, while more electrical appliances are operating at the same time, the
greater the demand.
In most cases, demand charges are included as a component of the utility bill for
business and for commercial and industrial customers.
Your transmission and distribution service provider must prepare your equipment to
be able to supply the maximum amount of electricity you are expected to provide.
The size of power lines, transformers, substations and other equipment is
coordinated to provide the electricity you need at any given time, regardless of
whether you need that amount for a single 15-minute period or for longer periods
Several months.
The demand determines the investment that the company providing transmission
and distribution services must perform to supply electricity to different facilities
effectively. Such investment is recovered by allocating demand charges according
to the consumption of each customer.
The difference between demand and consumption Demand refers to the amount of
energy needed at a given time and is measured in kilowatts (Kw). Consumption is
the amount of energy that is used over a given period of time and is measured in
kilowatt-hours (KWh).

2. DEMAND CHARGES.
The demand for one company may be much greater than the demand for another
and more extensive power lines, larger transformers, etc. are needed. To supply the
energy that is needed. To recover the cost of this larger equipment, companies
providing transmission and distribution services evaluate individual demand charges
for each utility company (REP). In most cases, electricity service providers transfer
these charges to private customers.
MEASUREMENT OF DEMAND
The demand varies according to the customer and the month. To record demand, a
special meter controls the flow of electricity delivered to particular installations for a
given period of time, usually at 15-minute intervals. Over the course of a month, the
15-minute interval with the highest demand is recorded and turned over to the
monthly bill
SUPPLY RATES FOR INDUSTRIAL SERVICES.
General tariffs: low voltage RATE 2 This tariff will apply to all services that allocate
the energy in low voltage to any use, with demand up to 25 kilowatts, except for the
services for which its tariff is specifically fixed. RATE 3 this tariff will apply to all
services that allocate the energy in low tension to any use, with demand of more
than 25 kilowatts, except to the services for which its rate is specifically fixed.
General tariffs: medium voltage RATE OM This tariff will be applied to the services
that destine the energy to any use, supplied in medium voltage, with a demand less
than 100 kW Rate HM This tariff will be applied to the services that destine the
energy to any use, Supplied in medium voltage, with a demand of 100 kilowatts or
more. H-MC RATE This fee will be applied to the services that destine the energy to
any use, supplied in medium voltage in the Baja California region, with a demand of
100 kilowatts or more, and that due to the characteristics of use of its application
request to register in this service, which will have a validity of one year.
General tariffs: high voltage HS tariff (hourly rate for general service in high voltage,
sub-transmission level) This tariff will be applied to services that allocate energy to
any use, supplied in high voltage, sub-transmission level, and Characteristics of use
of your application request to enroll in this service, which will have a minimum validity
of one year.
HS-L TARIFF (hourly tariff for general service in high voltage, sub-transmission level,
for long-term use) this tariff will apply to services that allocate energy to any use,
supplied in high voltage, sub-transmission level, and Characteristics of use of your
application request to enroll in this service, which will have a validity of one year.

3. TARIFF HT (hourly tariff for general service in high voltage, transmission level) This
tariff will be applied to services that allocate energy to any use, supplied in high
voltage, transmission level, and that due to the characteristics of use of your demand
request to register In this service, which will have a minimum validity of one year.
RATE HT-L (hourly tariff for general service in high voltage, level for long-term use)
This tariff will be applied to services that destine the energy to any use, supplied in
high voltage, transmission level, and that by the characteristics of use Of your
application request to register for this service, which will have a minimum validity of
one year.
BACKUP SERVICE
RATE HM-R (hourly rate for backup service for fault and maintenance in medium
voltage) This rate will be applied for the service of backup for fault and maintenance
to external producers, supplied in medium voltage, with a demand of 500 kilowatts
or more, And that due to the characteristics of the use of their application they
request to register in this service. HM-RF RATE (hourly rate for backup service for
medium voltage failure) This fee will be applied for the backup service for failure to
external producers, supplied in medium voltage, with a demand of 500 kilowatts or
more, and for the Characteristics of the use of your application request to register
for this service.
HM-RF RATE (hourly rate for backup service for medium voltage failure) This fee
will be applied for the backup service for failure to external producers, supplied in
medium voltage, with a demand of 500 kilowatts or more, and for the Characteristics
of the use of your application request to register for this service. RATE HS-R (hourly
rate for backup service for fault and maintenance in high voltage, sub-transmission
level) This tariff will be applied for the backup service for fault and maintenance to
external producers, supplied in high voltage, sub-transmission level, and Which due
to the characteristics of the use of their application request to register in this service.
INTERRUPTIBLE SERVICE
TARIFF I-15 This fee will be applicable to users of the HS, HT, H-SL and H-TL tariffs
who request to register additionally in this service and who have a maximum demand
measured in peak, semi-tip, intermediate or Base, greater than or equal to 10,000
(ten thousand) kilowatts during the three months prior to the application for
registration. Registration for this service will be valid for at least one year.