13 2 southern society
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This document summarizes the social structure of the antebellum South. The South was dominated by wealthy white planters who owned large plantations and many slaves and relied on agriculture, especially cash crops. Below the planters were yeomen farmers who owned small farms but no slaves, and poor whites who struggled economically. Slaves had no rights and were not paid for their labor on plantations, while free African Americans faced discrimination and worked low-paying jobs.
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13 3 the slave system
This document summarizes the harsh conditions of slavery in the American South. Most slaves worked long days in the fields under an oppressive gang labor system, though some worked as domestic servants or skilled laborers. Slaves had no rights and lived in crowded cabins with minimal food and clothing. They faced physical punishment by overseers and restrictions in slave codes. While finding solace in religion and family, resistance was difficult though some worked slower or attempted escape. The largest slave revolt was led by Nat Turner in 1831 Virginia where over 60 whites were killed before Turner was executed along with 100 other slaves.
Reconstruction and the black experience
During Reconstruction, newly freed African Americans sought to reunite families separated by slavery and build new lives through education, employment, and participation in politics. Freedmen's schools educated over 150,000 students by 1869, though many southern whites opposed these schools. While some hoped the government would provide land, most freed people had to work through sharecropping systems or labor contracts that often led to debt. African Americans were actively involved in politics through the Republican party, holding hundreds of offices, though they faced growing violence from groups like the Ku Klux Klan seeking to suppress black rights and voting.
Slave Rebellions
The document summarizes slave resistance to the institution of slavery in the United States from 1800 to the Civil War. It describes various slave rebellions and uprisings led by Denmark Vessey, Gabriel Prosser, Nat Turner, and John Brown. It also discusses the Underground Railroad and the role of Harriet Tubman in helping slaves escape. The document also profiles prominent abolitionists and activists including David Walker, Maria Stewart, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth who resisted slavery through pamphlets, speeches, and moral persuasion.
12 2 changes in working life
The document discusses changes in working life during the Industrial Revolution in New England. It describes the Rhode Island System started by Samuel Slater, which employed unskilled workers, including families and children, in textile mills. It also describes the Lowell System started by Francis Cabot Lowell, which hired young unmarried women to work 12-14 hour days in boarding houses. The document includes a quote from Sarah G. Bagley criticizing the notion that mill workers chose their employment voluntarily, arguing they had little choice due to economic necessity. It concludes by mentioning that some workers began organizing unions to demand higher pay and shorter hours, using strikes to achieve their goals.
Slavery in america
Slavery has existed throughout history and affected people of all races. Between 1500 and 1865, 9-12 million Africans were brought to the western hemisphere as slaves, primarily to work on plantations. Slaves faced horrific conditions, with no rights, cruel treatment, and the threat of violence. They engaged in both passive and active forms of resistance such as feigning illness, sabotage, running away, and occasional revolts. The majority of white southerners did not own slaves, yet the civil war was still fought to preserve the institution of slavery and the social hierarchy it enforced.
Early roots of civil war presentation north v south
The document summarizes some of the key differences between the North and South that contributed to the American Civil War. The North had a colder climate suited for industry and manufacturing, while the South had a warmer climate well-suited for agriculture. The Northern economy was based on industry and manufacturing in cities and factories, while the Southern economy depended on agriculture and slave labor on large plantations. These economic and cultural differences between the North and South ultimately led to tensions over slavery and states' rights that escalated into the Civil War.
African American Soldiers in the civil war
This is a breif introduction to the history of slavery and the black soldiers who fought in the civil war.
The black codes
- President Lincoln and Johnson's Reconstruction plans pardoned Southerners who took an oath of allegiance and allowed states back into the Union when 10% of voters did so, and they approved the 13th Amendment banning slavery.
- The Black Codes restricted freed slaves' behavior and the 13th Amendment made slavery illegal but not discrimination, outraging Southern supporters of slavery.
- The 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection to freed slaves, while the 15th Amendment gave black men the right to vote, leading the KKK to form and intimidate Republican voters through violence and disguise.
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13 3 the slave system
This document summarizes the harsh conditions of slavery in the American South. Most slaves worked long days in the fields under an oppressive gang labor system, though some worked as domestic servants or skilled laborers. Slaves had no rights and lived in crowded cabins with minimal food and clothing. They faced physical punishment by overseers and restrictions in slave codes. While finding solace in religion and family, resistance was difficult though some worked slower or attempted escape. The largest slave revolt was led by Nat Turner in 1831 Virginia where over 60 whites were killed before Turner was executed along with 100 other slaves.
Reconstruction and the black experience
During Reconstruction, newly freed African Americans sought to reunite families separated by slavery and build new lives through education, employment, and participation in politics. Freedmen's schools educated over 150,000 students by 1869, though many southern whites opposed these schools. While some hoped the government would provide land, most freed people had to work through sharecropping systems or labor contracts that often led to debt. African Americans were actively involved in politics through the Republican party, holding hundreds of offices, though they faced growing violence from groups like the Ku Klux Klan seeking to suppress black rights and voting.
Slave Rebellions
The document summarizes slave resistance to the institution of slavery in the United States from 1800 to the Civil War. It describes various slave rebellions and uprisings led by Denmark Vessey, Gabriel Prosser, Nat Turner, and John Brown. It also discusses the Underground Railroad and the role of Harriet Tubman in helping slaves escape. The document also profiles prominent abolitionists and activists including David Walker, Maria Stewart, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth who resisted slavery through pamphlets, speeches, and moral persuasion.
12 2 changes in working life
The document discusses changes in working life during the Industrial Revolution in New England. It describes the Rhode Island System started by Samuel Slater, which employed unskilled workers, including families and children, in textile mills. It also describes the Lowell System started by Francis Cabot Lowell, which hired young unmarried women to work 12-14 hour days in boarding houses. The document includes a quote from Sarah G. Bagley criticizing the notion that mill workers chose their employment voluntarily, arguing they had little choice due to economic necessity. It concludes by mentioning that some workers began organizing unions to demand higher pay and shorter hours, using strikes to achieve their goals.
Slavery in america
Slavery has existed throughout history and affected people of all races. Between 1500 and 1865, 9-12 million Africans were brought to the western hemisphere as slaves, primarily to work on plantations. Slaves faced horrific conditions, with no rights, cruel treatment, and the threat of violence. They engaged in both passive and active forms of resistance such as feigning illness, sabotage, running away, and occasional revolts. The majority of white southerners did not own slaves, yet the civil war was still fought to preserve the institution of slavery and the social hierarchy it enforced.
Early roots of civil war presentation north v south
The document summarizes some of the key differences between the North and South that contributed to the American Civil War. The North had a colder climate suited for industry and manufacturing, while the South had a warmer climate well-suited for agriculture. The Northern economy was based on industry and manufacturing in cities and factories, while the Southern economy depended on agriculture and slave labor on large plantations. These economic and cultural differences between the North and South ultimately led to tensions over slavery and states' rights that escalated into the Civil War.
African American Soldiers in the civil war
This is a breif introduction to the history of slavery and the black soldiers who fought in the civil war.
The black codes
- President Lincoln and Johnson's Reconstruction plans pardoned Southerners who took an oath of allegiance and allowed states back into the Union when 10% of voters did so, and they approved the 13th Amendment banning slavery.
- The Black Codes restricted freed slaves' behavior and the 13th Amendment made slavery illegal but not discrimination, outraging Southern supporters of slavery.
- The 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection to freed slaves, while the 15th Amendment gave black men the right to vote, leading the KKK to form and intimidate Republican voters through violence and disguise.
Civil war
The Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865 and was fought between the Northern and Southern states over issues including states' rights and slavery. Some key battles included Fort Sumter in 1861, Antietam in 1862, Gettysburg in 1863, and Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House in 1865, marking the end of the war. Over 600,000 soldiers died in the conflict between the Union and Confederate forces.
Emancipation Proclamation
The document summarizes Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863. It notes that Lincoln initially did not believe he had the power as President to abolish slavery but issued the proclamation after the Battle of Antietam to weaken the Confederacy by freeing slaves in rebel states. The proclamation freed slaves only in states that had seceded from the Union but did not apply to border states. It allowed African Americans to serve in the Union army and marked a shift in the war's focus to ending slavery, though it had limitations in scope and enforcement.
16 2 the war in the east
The document summarizes several major battles and events in the Eastern theater of the American Civil War. It describes how the Confederacy won the First Battle of Bull Run, shocking Northern hopes for a short war. It then discusses how General George McClellan took charge of the Union army but was too cautious. The document outlines McClellan's Peninsular Campaign, which started well but resulted in a series of Confederate victories under General Robert E. Lee. It also summarizes the indecisive Battle of Antietam and the historic first battle between ironclad ships, the CSS Virginia and USS Monitor, marking the end of wooden warships.
Causes of the civil war power point
The Civil War began due to longstanding tensions between the Northern and Southern states over the issues of slavery and states' rights. The Northern states relied on industry and opposed the expansion of slavery, while the Southern states relied on agriculture and the institution of slavery. Several attempts were made to reach compromises on the issues through political measures like the Compromise of 1850, but tensions continued to rise due to events like the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Kansas-Nebraska Act leading to violence in Kansas, and the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President as the first Republican candidate, and in response several Southern states seceded to form the Confederate States of America.
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the belief that American settlers were destined to expand across North America. This idealism combined with racism took hold in the mid-19th century and drove expansion. Under President Polk, the US annexed Texas and gained Oregon Country and Mexican territory, becoming a continental nation. Over 500,000 people migrated west on the difficult Oregon Trail between 1843-1869, settling in Oregon and California. The US declared war on Mexico in 1846 hoping to gain more land, and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo added the Mexican Cession to the US.
US History Chapter 15
The admission of new states to the Union exacerbated tensions over the issue of slavery. As new western territories sought statehood, debates emerged over whether they would permit or prohibit slavery. The Compromise of 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska Act attempted to address this by appealing to popular sovereignty but failed to resolve conflicts. John Brown's raid against pro-slavery settlers in Kansas heightened national tensions. Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 as the first Republican president led southern states to secede, forming the Confederate States of America in an effort to protect the institution of slavery. The outbreak of war became inevitable as the North and South took opposing stances on whether states had the right to secede, with the attack on Fort Sumter
Abolition Movement
The document summarizes key aspects of the abolition movement in the United States, including the harsh living conditions faced by slaves, Nat Turner's rebellion, and prominent abolitionist leaders and their efforts. It describes the daily hardships of slaves, such as living in poor conditions without rights. It also outlines Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the increased restrictions placed on slaves and free blacks afterwards. Furthermore, it profiles influential abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, John Quincy Adams, and Harriet Tubman, and their roles in advocating for the end of slavery through newspapers, speeches, books, and aiding the Underground Railroad.
The Civil War Begins
Brief Presentation about the opening and first battles of the Civil War. Followed by a little Common Core Practice. Accompanies section 11.1.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the middle passage
Slaves endured cramped, unsanitary conditions during the Middle Passage where they were transported from Africa to the Americas. They were kept chained below deck and suffered from disease, poor nutrition, and physical abuse. Slave revolts sometimes occurred but were difficult to carry out successfully due to the slaves' lack of knowledge of how to navigate the ship. Punishments for revolts were severe, including whipping, torture, and even being thrown overboard to the sharks.
Tecumseh
The document discusses Tecumseh and The Prophet Joseph's efforts to form a confederacy of Indian tribes in the early 1800s in opposition to continued land cessions to white settlers. It describes The Prophet Tenskwatawa urging tribes to reject white customs and move to Prophetstown, Illinois, which grew in size and influence, worrying white leaders. When Governor William Harrison led US forces to attack Prophetstown in 1811 during the Battle of Tippecanoe while Tecumseh was away, The Prophet launched an attack that killed and wounded many Americans troops before the Indians were ultimately defeated.
Reconstruction Slideshow
The Civil War had devastating consequences for both the North and South. Over 620,000 soldiers lost their lives and thousands more were wounded. Slavery was abolished, but freed slaves had no means to support themselves. Southern cities, railroads, plantations and economy were destroyed. Racial tensions remained high as newly freed slaves faced violence. The Reconstruction era that followed sought to restore the Union and protect freedmen's rights, but white supremacy continued to dominate the South.
Unit 1 notes (the gilded age)
The document provides an overview of several key aspects of the Gilded Age in US history between 1870-1900. It discusses the rise of individualism and social Darwinism ideology during this period. It also examines the emergence of naturalism and gospel of wealth philosophies. The document outlines various urban and education reforms that took place, as well as advancements in African American education. It describes changes in popular culture and the growth of new forms of entertainment like baseball, vaudeville shows, and amusement parks. Finally, it discusses political reforms and the debate between "Halfbreeds" and "Stalwarts" over patronage practices.
The mexican – american war of 1846
The Mexican-American War lasted from 1846 to 1848 and was fought between the United States and Mexico over the annexation of Texas and Mexico's northern lands by the U.S. The war started when Mexican troops attacked U.S. soldiers stationed in the disputed border region along the Rio Grande in 1846, and resulted in U.S. victories that expanded its territory significantly. Through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, Mexico ceded over 500,000 square miles of territory, including parts of modern day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming, deepening tensions between slave and free states.
Presentation on the Trail of Tears
This document summarizes the Trail of Tears, which was the forced relocation of the Cherokee nation in the 1830s. It describes how the Indian Removal Act allowed the government to remove Native Americans from the Southeast to lands west of the Mississippi. Specifically, it discusses how the Cherokee refused to leave Georgia, resulting in the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that Georgia had no right to remove them. However, President Jackson ignored this ruling. In 1838, over 7,000 troops forced the Cherokee on the trail west, resulting in thousands of deaths from disease and hardship along the 800-mile journey.
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was born into slavery in Maryland around 1820. She escaped in 1849 and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad, making over 13 missions to rescue more than 70 slaves. The Underground Railroad was a secret network that used safe houses and routes to help slaves escape to free states and Canada. Tubman later worked as a scout and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War and continued supporting the cause of abolition and women's suffrage for the rest of her life until her death in 1913 at around 93 years old.
American imperialism presentation
The document discusses the expanding role of America as a world power prior to World War 1 due to a desire for global markets and a belief in Anglo-Saxon cultural supremacy. It then provides several examples of American imperialist policies between the 1890s-1910s, including the Spanish-American War leading to U.S. gains of overseas territories, the construction of the Panama Canal, the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, Dollar Diplomacy, and Big Stick Diplomacy during the Roosevelt presidency regarding use of military might to negotiate treaties.
Little Rock Nine
The nine black teenagers known as the Little Rock Nine bravely integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957 despite facing protests and riots from white students and citizens who opposed desegregation. Their courageous actions helped challenge racial segregation in schools and advance the civil rights movement, though they faced threats and violence from those against integration. Ultimately, President Eisenhower intervened to enforce desegregation after a conflict arose between him and the Arkansas governor over school integration laws.
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Big businesses transformed the American economy in the late 1800s. Tycoons like Rockefeller and Carnegie created vast corporate empires through strategies like monopolies, cartels, and vertical integration that maximized profits but shut out competitors. This concentration of economic power led to public debate over whether these "robber barons" helped the nation through innovations and philanthropy or harmed society. In response to concerns over abuses, the federal government began regulating corporate power through agencies like the Interstate Commerce Commission and laws like the Sherman Antitrust Act.
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American Civil War Presentation
The American Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865 and involved the union (North) fighting the confederacy (South). The South seceded from the North due to political and economic issues surrounding states' rights and slavery. The war began when Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina after Southern states increasingly seceded in response to Lincoln's election. Over four bloody years of fighting, major battles like Gettysburg and Vicksburg turned the tide in favor of the Union, which eventually prevailed in reunifying the states and abolishing slavery, though at a tremendous cost of over 620,000 lives. Reconstruction efforts after the war faced challenges imposing a new society in the defeated South.
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Tobacco became the profitable cash crop that saved the Jamestown colony, but it was a labor-intensive crop to cultivate. Plantation owners in the South from 1690 to 1750 utilized indentured servants and enslaved Africans for labor, as indigenous natives had proved too difficult to enslave as they knew the land and could escape. Enslaved Africans were obtained through the triangular trade and endured the dreaded Middle Passage. Slaves resisted their owners through methods like faking illness, breaking tools, and working slowly, though rebellions like the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina led to crackdowns and punishment of slaves whether involved or not.
Antebellum south
The document discusses slavery and the antebellum South. It describes how the South was mainly agricultural with little industry and how power shifted to the Lower South as cotton became very profitable due to the invention of the cotton gin. Slavery was integral to the Southern economy and way of life, with over 4 million slaves by 1860 producing most of the world's cotton. Abolitionists like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman advocated for ending slavery, but the South strongly defended the institution of slavery. This set the stage for the future clash over the issue of slavery that would lead to the Civil War.
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Civil war
The Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865 and was fought between the Northern and Southern states over issues including states' rights and slavery. Some key battles included Fort Sumter in 1861, Antietam in 1862, Gettysburg in 1863, and Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House in 1865, marking the end of the war. Over 600,000 soldiers died in the conflict between the Union and Confederate forces.
Emancipation Proclamation
The document summarizes Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863. It notes that Lincoln initially did not believe he had the power as President to abolish slavery but issued the proclamation after the Battle of Antietam to weaken the Confederacy by freeing slaves in rebel states. The proclamation freed slaves only in states that had seceded from the Union but did not apply to border states. It allowed African Americans to serve in the Union army and marked a shift in the war's focus to ending slavery, though it had limitations in scope and enforcement.
16 2 the war in the east
The document summarizes several major battles and events in the Eastern theater of the American Civil War. It describes how the Confederacy won the First Battle of Bull Run, shocking Northern hopes for a short war. It then discusses how General George McClellan took charge of the Union army but was too cautious. The document outlines McClellan's Peninsular Campaign, which started well but resulted in a series of Confederate victories under General Robert E. Lee. It also summarizes the indecisive Battle of Antietam and the historic first battle between ironclad ships, the CSS Virginia and USS Monitor, marking the end of wooden warships.
Causes of the civil war power point
The Civil War began due to longstanding tensions between the Northern and Southern states over the issues of slavery and states' rights. The Northern states relied on industry and opposed the expansion of slavery, while the Southern states relied on agriculture and the institution of slavery. Several attempts were made to reach compromises on the issues through political measures like the Compromise of 1850, but tensions continued to rise due to events like the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Kansas-Nebraska Act leading to violence in Kansas, and the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President as the first Republican candidate, and in response several Southern states seceded to form the Confederate States of America.
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the belief that American settlers were destined to expand across North America. This idealism combined with racism took hold in the mid-19th century and drove expansion. Under President Polk, the US annexed Texas and gained Oregon Country and Mexican territory, becoming a continental nation. Over 500,000 people migrated west on the difficult Oregon Trail between 1843-1869, settling in Oregon and California. The US declared war on Mexico in 1846 hoping to gain more land, and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo added the Mexican Cession to the US.
US History Chapter 15
The admission of new states to the Union exacerbated tensions over the issue of slavery. As new western territories sought statehood, debates emerged over whether they would permit or prohibit slavery. The Compromise of 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska Act attempted to address this by appealing to popular sovereignty but failed to resolve conflicts. John Brown's raid against pro-slavery settlers in Kansas heightened national tensions. Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 as the first Republican president led southern states to secede, forming the Confederate States of America in an effort to protect the institution of slavery. The outbreak of war became inevitable as the North and South took opposing stances on whether states had the right to secede, with the attack on Fort Sumter
Abolition Movement
The document summarizes key aspects of the abolition movement in the United States, including the harsh living conditions faced by slaves, Nat Turner's rebellion, and prominent abolitionist leaders and their efforts. It describes the daily hardships of slaves, such as living in poor conditions without rights. It also outlines Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the increased restrictions placed on slaves and free blacks afterwards. Furthermore, it profiles influential abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, John Quincy Adams, and Harriet Tubman, and their roles in advocating for the end of slavery through newspapers, speeches, books, and aiding the Underground Railroad.
The Civil War Begins
Brief Presentation about the opening and first battles of the Civil War. Followed by a little Common Core Practice. Accompanies section 11.1.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the middle passage
Slaves endured cramped, unsanitary conditions during the Middle Passage where they were transported from Africa to the Americas. They were kept chained below deck and suffered from disease, poor nutrition, and physical abuse. Slave revolts sometimes occurred but were difficult to carry out successfully due to the slaves' lack of knowledge of how to navigate the ship. Punishments for revolts were severe, including whipping, torture, and even being thrown overboard to the sharks.
Tecumseh
The document discusses Tecumseh and The Prophet Joseph's efforts to form a confederacy of Indian tribes in the early 1800s in opposition to continued land cessions to white settlers. It describes The Prophet Tenskwatawa urging tribes to reject white customs and move to Prophetstown, Illinois, which grew in size and influence, worrying white leaders. When Governor William Harrison led US forces to attack Prophetstown in 1811 during the Battle of Tippecanoe while Tecumseh was away, The Prophet launched an attack that killed and wounded many Americans troops before the Indians were ultimately defeated.
Reconstruction Slideshow
The Civil War had devastating consequences for both the North and South. Over 620,000 soldiers lost their lives and thousands more were wounded. Slavery was abolished, but freed slaves had no means to support themselves. Southern cities, railroads, plantations and economy were destroyed. Racial tensions remained high as newly freed slaves faced violence. The Reconstruction era that followed sought to restore the Union and protect freedmen's rights, but white supremacy continued to dominate the South.
Unit 1 notes (the gilded age)
The document provides an overview of several key aspects of the Gilded Age in US history between 1870-1900. It discusses the rise of individualism and social Darwinism ideology during this period. It also examines the emergence of naturalism and gospel of wealth philosophies. The document outlines various urban and education reforms that took place, as well as advancements in African American education. It describes changes in popular culture and the growth of new forms of entertainment like baseball, vaudeville shows, and amusement parks. Finally, it discusses political reforms and the debate between "Halfbreeds" and "Stalwarts" over patronage practices.
The mexican – american war of 1846
The Mexican-American War lasted from 1846 to 1848 and was fought between the United States and Mexico over the annexation of Texas and Mexico's northern lands by the U.S. The war started when Mexican troops attacked U.S. soldiers stationed in the disputed border region along the Rio Grande in 1846, and resulted in U.S. victories that expanded its territory significantly. Through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, Mexico ceded over 500,000 square miles of territory, including parts of modern day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming, deepening tensions between slave and free states.
Presentation on the Trail of Tears
This document summarizes the Trail of Tears, which was the forced relocation of the Cherokee nation in the 1830s. It describes how the Indian Removal Act allowed the government to remove Native Americans from the Southeast to lands west of the Mississippi. Specifically, it discusses how the Cherokee refused to leave Georgia, resulting in the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that Georgia had no right to remove them. However, President Jackson ignored this ruling. In 1838, over 7,000 troops forced the Cherokee on the trail west, resulting in thousands of deaths from disease and hardship along the 800-mile journey.
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was born into slavery in Maryland around 1820. She escaped in 1849 and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad, making over 13 missions to rescue more than 70 slaves. The Underground Railroad was a secret network that used safe houses and routes to help slaves escape to free states and Canada. Tubman later worked as a scout and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War and continued supporting the cause of abolition and women's suffrage for the rest of her life until her death in 1913 at around 93 years old.
American imperialism presentation
The document discusses the expanding role of America as a world power prior to World War 1 due to a desire for global markets and a belief in Anglo-Saxon cultural supremacy. It then provides several examples of American imperialist policies between the 1890s-1910s, including the Spanish-American War leading to U.S. gains of overseas territories, the construction of the Panama Canal, the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, Dollar Diplomacy, and Big Stick Diplomacy during the Roosevelt presidency regarding use of military might to negotiate treaties.
Little Rock Nine
The nine black teenagers known as the Little Rock Nine bravely integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957 despite facing protests and riots from white students and citizens who opposed desegregation. Their courageous actions helped challenge racial segregation in schools and advance the civil rights movement, though they faced threats and violence from those against integration. Ultimately, President Eisenhower intervened to enforce desegregation after a conflict arose between him and the Arkansas governor over school integration laws.
US History Ch. 4 Section 2 Notes
Big businesses transformed the American economy in the late 1800s. Tycoons like Rockefeller and Carnegie created vast corporate empires through strategies like monopolies, cartels, and vertical integration that maximized profits but shut out competitors. This concentration of economic power led to public debate over whether these "robber barons" helped the nation through innovations and philanthropy or harmed society. In response to concerns over abuses, the federal government began regulating corporate power through agencies like the Interstate Commerce Commission and laws like the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Westward Expansion
Westward expansion occurred as thousands of pioneers moved west for opportunities like mining for gold during the California Gold Rush, free land offered by the Homestead Act, adventure, and escaping undesirable situations. Pioneers faced many dangers on their journeys in covered wagons like lack of resources, harsh weather, and conflicts with Native Americans and other settlers. Life was difficult for settlers on the prairie as they built homes in isolated areas with little protection or infrastructure. While the pioneer spirit drove many west, the expansion had negative impacts as well through displacement of Native Americans.
American Civil War Presentation
The American Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865 and involved the union (North) fighting the confederacy (South). The South seceded from the North due to political and economic issues surrounding states' rights and slavery. The war began when Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina after Southern states increasingly seceded in response to Lincoln's election. Over four bloody years of fighting, major battles like Gettysburg and Vicksburg turned the tide in favor of the Union, which eventually prevailed in reunifying the states and abolishing slavery, though at a tremendous cost of over 620,000 lives. Reconstruction efforts after the war faced challenges imposing a new society in the defeated South.
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American History Chapter 3, Section 2
Tobacco became the profitable cash crop that saved the Jamestown colony, but it was a labor-intensive crop to cultivate. Plantation owners in the South from 1690 to 1750 utilized indentured servants and enslaved Africans for labor, as indigenous natives had proved too difficult to enslave as they knew the land and could escape. Enslaved Africans were obtained through the triangular trade and endured the dreaded Middle Passage. Slaves resisted their owners through methods like faking illness, breaking tools, and working slowly, though rebellions like the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina led to crackdowns and punishment of slaves whether involved or not.
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The document discusses slavery and the antebellum South. It describes how the South was mainly agricultural with little industry and how power shifted to the Lower South as cotton became very profitable due to the invention of the cotton gin. Slavery was integral to the Southern economy and way of life, with over 4 million slaves by 1860 producing most of the world's cotton. Abolitionists like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman advocated for ending slavery, but the South strongly defended the institution of slavery. This set the stage for the future clash over the issue of slavery that would lead to the Civil War.
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This document summarizes the key differences between Northern and Southern society in the period leading up to the Civil War. The North was increasingly urbanized and industrialized, while the South remained primarily rural and based its economy on slave labor and cotton exports. Slavery was central to the Southern way of life both economically and socially, with planters owning many slaves dominating politics. Abolitionism threatened the Southern social order, leading the South to defend the institution of slavery. Geographic and economic differences exacerbated sectional tensions between the North and South that ultimately led to the Civil War.
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The document summarizes the economic and social differences between the Northern and Southern states in antebellum America that contributed to growing tensions between them. The North's economy was based on manufacturing, industry and wage labor while the South relied on slave labor to produce cash crops like cotton. These diverging economies led to conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new territories and states that increased regional tensions until the country erupted into the Civil War.
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The document summarizes the social structure and divisions within Southern society during the period of slavery in the United States. Wealth divided white Southerners into classes. Race divided all Southerners, with blacks mostly enslaved but around 6% free. The lives of slaves centered around difficult and dangerous work from sunrise to sunset with the constant threat of family separation. Slaves developed strong communities and used religion, resistance, and rebellion to fight their condition and one day achieve freedom.
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Unemployment increased dramatically during the Great Depression, sending many families into poverty as companies and individuals fell deeply into debt. When people lost their jobs, they could no longer afford necessities like mortgages, food, and basic needs, leaving many homeless and hungry as daily struggles increased. The lives and hardships of people during this era influenced art and culture, as depicted in murals of the time, while African Americans faced even greater difficulties due to worsening economic conditions and loss of work.
8 - antebellum america
The document provides an overview of the economic, social, and political differences between the antebellum North and South. The North's economy was based on manufacturing and industry while the South relied on slave labor to grow cash crops like cotton. These diverging economic systems led to conflicts over the expansion of slavery and states' rights, ultimately resulting in the American Civil War.
1930s The Great Depression Lecture 3
The Great Depression began with the stock market crash of 1929, known as "Black Tuesday", where stock prices plummeted and over 16 million shares were sold. This collapse strained banks as people withdrew their savings, leading to bank failures across the country. By 1933, bank failures had wiped out billions in savings. Farmers were also deeply impacted as prices fell by over 50%, incomes dropped, and many were unable to pay their loans, resulting in over 300,000 farm foreclosures. By 1933, unemployment reached 25% with over 12 million Americans out of work. Millions lost their homes and lived in shoboos or traveled as hoboes looking for work. The drought of the 1930s known as the Dust Bowl
Chapter 9
This document summarizes life in antebellum Georgia society. It describes how the invention of the cotton gin led to the dominance of cotton agriculture and slavery. This transformed Georgia from one of the poorest states to the "Empire State of the South." It discusses the lives and occupations of planters, yeoman farmers, poor whites, and enslaved black Georgians. It also covers education, religion, and some early social reforms in Georgia during this period.
Slave Society And Abolitionism
The document summarizes the rise and expansion of slavery in the American South between 1790-1860. It describes how Eli Whitney's cotton gin revitalized slavery by increasing cotton production. Slavery expanded greatly and the South became dominated by wealthy plantation owners relying on slave labor. Abolitionist movements emerged in the early 1800s advocating for the end of slavery and emancipation of slaves, though they faced strong opposition in the South where slavery was an important economic institution.
Reteach unit 7 antebellum america
The document provides information on the economic, social, and political differences between the North and South in antebellum America that contributed to growing tensions between the regions. It notes that the North's economy was based on manufacturing, industry, and free labor while the South relied on slave labor to support its agricultural plantation economy focused on cash crops like cotton. It describes the rise of urbanization and industrialization in the North compared to the rural society of the South, and how these diverging economic models affected factors like transportation, social classes, cities, and labor practices in each region, ultimately leading Americans to turn to civil war to resolve their disagreements.
Gh chapter 11b
Antebellum Georgia transitioned from one of the poorest states to the "Empire State of the South" due to the growth of cotton agriculture and slavery. King Cotton drove the economy as planters and yeoman farmers grew short-staple cotton. Most Georgians were farmers, while a small number of wealthy planters owned 20 or more slaves. Education was limited and often privatized. Religion was important but churches were divided on the issue of slavery. The cotton economy and institution of slavery shaped Antebellum life and society in Georgia.
National and Regional Growth
The War of 1812 had several effects: it weakened Native Americans and ended Tecumseh's unity movement; it increased American industry and nationalism as Britain's blockade forced the US to produce goods domestically; and it resulted in no territorial changes but boosted American pride. The Industrial Revolution transformed the US economy and society through new factories, machines, and a shift from agriculture to manufacturing. It increased economic sectionalism between the North and South as each region sought to protect its interests. The Missouri Compromise of 1817 temporarily resolved the slavery issue by balancing free and slave states. The Monroe Doctrine asserted America's influence over European intervention in the Western Hemisphere.
Southcarolinaandthecivilwar 120828144914-phpapp02
This document provides information about life before the Civil War in three lessons. Lesson 1 describes the social classes and daily lives in the North and South, including plantation owners, farmers, and urban residents. Lesson 2 discusses how the cotton gin impacted slavery and plantation life in the South. It also outlines the growing divide between slave and free states. Lesson 3 explains how South Carolina seceded from the Union due to fears over the future of slavery.
Us history survey.032012
Slavery expanded greatly in the 19th century American South as the cotton industry boomed. Over 1 million slaves were forcibly relocated from the upper South to the deep South states between 1820 and 1860. Though conditions for slaves varied, they were all denied freedom. Slaves resisted through slow work, sabotage, and occasional revolts like Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 attempted to balance the number of slave and free states admitted to the union.
Feudalism
Feudalism was a social, economic, and political system that emerged in Europe between the 8th and 9th centuries. People sought protection from powerful lords in exchange for their loyalty and labor. The lords provided land and security to their vassals, who were obligated to provide military or agricultural service. Society was organized into a strict hierarchy with the king and barons at the top, followed by free farmers and slaves with few rights. Land was held under a variety of systems in which lords derived revenue from crops, labor, or money paid by those working the fiefs and manors.
South carolina and the civil war
1. The document provides lessons on life before the Civil War, including different social classes and life on plantations, small farms, and in cities. It also discusses cotton and slavery and the events leading up to South Carolina's secession from the Union.
2. The effects of the Civil War on South Carolina are described, including the destruction of towns, farms, and infrastructure. Slavery was abolished and freedmen struggled as sharecroppers and through other economic changes like the growth of towns around textile mills.
3. The period of Reconstruction began as South Carolina had to rebuild and rejoin the Union under new terms. Problems arose as Southern states passed "black codes" and were governed by the military until
Causes French Rev
The French Revolution was caused by social inequality, the influence of Enlightenment ideas from America, and economic troubles under the weak leadership of King Louis XVI. French society was divided into three unequal estates, with 96-97% of the population in the taxed third estate. The American and French Enlightenments promoted ideas of equality, natural rights, and republicanism that challenged the French monarchy. Additionally, French commerce had declined while debt grew due to supporting the American Revolution. Crop failures in the 1780s exacerbated economic woes, leading the bourgeoisie and peasants to question the authority of the government.
African american freemen piselli deziel
1) In the 19th century, there were established communities of free African Americans who had been free for generations, owning property, paying taxes, publishing newspapers, and in some northern states, voting.
2) Following the American Revolutionary War, many slaves in the North and Upper South were freed. Free black men fought in the war and established communities, owning land, homes, businesses, and publishing the first black-owned newspaper in 1827.
3) After the abolition of slavery, freed slaves faced economic challenges but alternatives like sharecropping and tenant farming emerged, while the Freedmen's Bureau helped freed slaves find work and negotiate contracts between workers and employers.
4 regional differences-to_1860-4
- The North, South, and West developed very differently economically and socially in the early 1800s. The North industrialized while the South remained agricultural and relied on slavery. The West was focused on farming, fur trapping, and real estate speculation.
- These regional differences led to conflicting political interests around issues like tariffs and the expansion of slavery into new territories. The Compromise of 1850 temporarily resolved some of these issues but reinforced the concept of "popular sovereignty" that exacerbated tensions.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise, effectively opening Kansas and Nebraska to slavery and sparking violent clashes known as "Bleeding Kansas" that further divided the North and South. This
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3 3 cultures of north america
The document summarizes the early civilizations that existed in North America, including the Mound Builders, Anasazi, Plains Indians, Pacific Northwest Indians, and Eastern Woodland Indians. The Mound Builders lived between 700 BC and 1250 AD along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, building thousands of earthen mounds for burial and religious ceremonies. The Anasazi lived in the Southwest between 100 AD and 1300 AD, constructing cliffside pueblos and underground kivas. Plains Indians followed buffalo herds on the Great Plains and lived in tipis. Pacific Northwest Indians hunted and fished in forests, carving totem poles, while Eastern Woodland Indians lived in wigwams and longhouses
3 2 cultures of middle america
The document provides information on early civilizations in Middle America, including the Olmecs, Mayans, and Aztecs. It describes that the Olmecs lived along the Gulf of Mexico from 1200 BC to 600 BC and were known for the large carved stone heads they created. The Mayans lived in the Yucatan Peninsula from 250 AD to 900 AD, used slash-and-burn farming of maize, and had advanced cities with temple pyramids, hieroglyphic writing, and the most accurate calendar of their time based on the sun and moon. However, the Mayan cities were mysteriously abandoned around 900 AD. The Aztecs built the city of Tenochtitlan on islands in Lake
3 1 south america and the incas
The Incas built a vast empire in South America between 1200-1400 AD centered around Cuzco, Peru. The Inca emperor, called the Sapa Inca, ruled over 12 million people across 2,500 miles and was believed to be related to the sun god. The Incas developed an advanced civilization with impressive infrastructure including roads, bridges, and stone buildings, as well as innovative agricultural techniques using terraces and irrigation. They also established a complex government system and used knotted strings called quipu to record information.
6 1 the renaissance and reformation
The document summarizes the key events and impacts of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe between 1300-1600 CE. The Renaissance began in Italian city-states and was sparked by a rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman achievements. Notable figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo helped spread Renaissance ideals of humanism and realistic art. Martin Luther protested corruption in the Catholic Church and inspired the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses. His translation of the Bible increased literacy and the spread of Protestant ideals, dividing Europe along new religious lines. The Catholic Church held the Council of Trent and established the Inquisition to combat the growing heresy of Protestantism.
5 4 the power of kings
1) Under feudalism, powerful nobles held land and vassals, sometimes more than the king.
2) The growth of towns and the middle class contributed to the decline of feudalism as kings gained support in exchange for protecting towns.
3) Kings used new financial resources to attack troublesome nobles and weaken their power, contributing to the rise of strong centralized nations under kings.
5 3 the crusades
The document summarizes the Crusades, a series of military expeditions launched by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of recapturing the Holy Land from Muslim rule. It describes how the Byzantine emperor's call for help against the Seljuk Turks and Pope Urban II's speech in 1095 inspired the First Crusade. The Crusaders had some successes but also failures like the People's Crusade, and Jerusalem changed hands between Christians and Muslims over subsequent crusades led by figures like Richard the Lionheart and Saladin.
22 america as a world power
The document discusses America's emergence as a world power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It covers key events like Commodore Perry opening Japan to Western influence, the Boxer Rebellion in China, the Spanish-American War which saw America gain colonies like Puerto Rico and the Philippines, and the building of the Panama Canal which connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Theodore Roosevelt helped expand America's global reach and advocated for projecting American power abroad with his "big stick" foreign policy.
21 the progressive spirit of reform
Progressives during the late 1800s worked to reform politics and improve society for the urban poor. They exposed corruption through muckraking journalism and advocated for political reforms like the secret ballot and recall elections. Their goals included helping the urban poor through improved housing, establishing workers' compensation laws, and advancing women's suffrage and civil rights.
20 immigrants and urban life
This document discusses immigration to the United States between 1840-1900 and life for immigrants in cities at the turn of the 20th century. It provides data on immigration sources by region to the US in 1840-1860 and 1880-1900. Images show types of immigrant ships and arrivals at Ellis Island. Brief descriptions note the growth and demographics of Pittsburgh in 1900, including housing conditions in tenement buildings. Tables list the 15 largest US cities by population in 1900 and 2005.
19 3 industrial workers
The document summarizes the effects of industrialization on workers in the late 19th century, including long hours, low pay, and poor working conditions. It describes how workers organized unions like the Knights of Labor and AFL to collectively bargain for better treatment. Notable strikes included the Haymarket Riot of 1886, the Homestead Strike of 1892, and the Pullman Strike of 1894, which involved violent clashes but helped grow the labor movement.
19 2 big business
Big businesses in the late 19th century United States grew through forming corporations that issued stock, acquiring other companies through horizontal and vertical integration, and creating trusts. This allowed some businessmen like Andrew Carnegie in steel and John D. Rockefeller in oil to gain control of their industries and become extraordinarily wealthy, though some criticized this as cheating the system while others viewed it as a natural outcome of social Darwinism's "survival of the fittest."
19 1 the second industrial revolution
The document summarizes key developments during the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States in the late 19th century. It describes innovations such as the Bessemer Process that made steel production faster and cheaper; the growth of oil drilling and kerosene leading to increased demand for oil; Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb and the development of power plants; Alexander Graham Bell's patent of the telephone; and advances in transportation including the first motorcar by the Duryea brothers and the Model T assembly line produced by Henry Ford.
18 3 farming and populism
The document discusses the settlement of the American West by farmers in the late 19th century. It summarizes how the Homestead Act encouraged thousands to settle the plains by granting free land. Settlers faced a difficult life breaking sod and dry farming for wheat with little water. Eventually, overfarming led to lower wheat prices and economic problems for farmers. They organized politically through groups like the Grange and Populist Party to address issues like deflation and blame on railroads over their difficulties.
18 2 wars for the west
This document summarizes conflicts between settlers and Plains Indians in the American West. As settlers moved onto lands inhabited by tribes like the Sioux, conflicts arose over land and resources. The government attempted to resolve tensions through treaties establishing reservations, but these agreements were often broken. Notable conflicts included the Sioux victory over Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn and the Wounded Knee Massacre. Ultimately, Plains tribes were confined to reservations as settlers continued westward expansion.
18 1 miners, ranchers, and railroads
After the Civil War, more Americans moved west seeking new jobs and opportunities on the frontier. The discovery of the Comstock Lode silver deposit in Nevada led to a mining boom and the rise of boomtowns near mining sites, though mining was dangerous work. The growth of cattle ranching in Texas and the Great Plains, known as the Cattle Kingdom, helped meet the rising demand for beef back east. Cowboys drove longhorn cattle along trails like the Chisholm Trail to market and railroads. The government sponsored the building of the first Transcontinental Railroad to connect the east and west coasts, which was built by the Union Pacific traveling west and the Central Pacific traveling east using Irish and Chinese workers respectively. The railroad's
17 3 reconstruction in the south
After the Civil War, Reconstruction attempted to integrate the Southern states back into the Union and establish rights for African Americans. Black men gained the right to vote and held over 600 state legislature seats and 16 Congressional seats. However, the Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation tactics against blacks and Republicans. After federal troops withdrew from the South in 1877, Southern states passed Jim Crow laws enforcing racial segregation and restricting black voting through poll taxes and literacy tests, limiting the rights African Americans had gained.
17 2 the fight over reconstruction
The document summarizes the political fight over Reconstruction between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans in Congress. After the Civil War, President Johnson allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union with lenient plans that did not protect the rights of freed slaves. In response, Southern states passed Black Codes limiting freedoms. The Radical Republicans passed the 14th and 15th Amendments to establish rights for African Americans and divided the South into military districts overseen by the North. When Johnson opposed these plans and fired the Secretary of War, Congress impeached Johnson though he was acquitted by one vote. The 1868 election was won by Ulysses S. Grant who supported the Radical Republican reconstruction plans.
17 1 rebuilding the south
Reconstruction began as the process of readmitting the southern states back into the Union after the Civil War from 1865-1877. The South's cities and factories were ruined after the war, leaving many people jobless and homeless with worthless Confederate money. Lincoln proposed a lenient Reconstruction plan that offered amnesty to Southerners who took an oath of loyalty, but Congress disagreed and proposed a stricter plan. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery in 1865 but freed slaves were left poor, jobless and uneducated with nowhere to go. The Freedmen's Bureau was established by Congress to provide relief and schools for freed slaves. However, Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 and Vice President Andrew Johnson became President.
16 5 the tide of war turns
The tide of war turned at Gettysburg in 1863. General Burnside and Hooker lost battles against Lee at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg, Meade commanded the Union army against Lee in the bloodiest 3-day battle that resulted in 28,000 casualties. Pickett's failed charge marked the turning point as the Union emerged victorious. Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address to honor the soldiers. Later, Sherman captured Atlanta and marched to the coast practicing "total war," while Grant attacked Lee in Virginia, finally surrounding him at Appomattox Courthouse where Lee surrendered, ending the Civil War.
16 4 daily life during the war
Daily life during the Civil War was difficult for both soldiers and civilians. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which freed slaves in rebel states. However, the Union did not control these areas. There was opposition to the war in the North by Democrats and others against the draft. Lincoln suspended habeas corpus in response. For civilians, women had to take over family farms and businesses while men fought. The Northern economy boomed by producing weapons and supplies for the war.
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13 2 southern society
- 1. CHAPTER 13: The South Section 2: Southern Society
- 2. THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD Antebellum = before the Civil War 1/3 rd of white southerners owned slaves Most of the South was an agricultural area
- 3. PLANTERS Planted cash crops Rich & white Large influence on economy and government
- 4. PLANTERS Owned plantations Lived in mansions
- 5. PLANTERS Owned many slaves
- 6. PLANTERS Wives took care of social events
- 7. YEOMEN & POOR WHITES Yeoman – owner of small farm •White and middle class •Did not own slaves
- 8. YEOMEN & POOR WHITES Poor whites – lived on land that could not produce cash crops
- 9. AFRICAN AMERICANS Free African Americans •Worked low paying jobs • Faced much discrimination
- 10. AFRICAN AMERICANS Slaves •Had no rights and were not paid