This document discusses several techniques for improving the accuracy of machine learning classifiers, including error analysis, feature engineering, and evaluating models using precision, recall, and the F1 score. It also emphasizes the importance of having a large and rich dataset when applying machine learning, as this can help overcome limitations in the available features by reducing variance through the size and diversity of the training data.
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Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 1 Answer Sheet M.docxandreecapon
Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 1
Answer Sheet
Math 009 Introductory Algebra Name______________________________
Final Examination: Spring, 2015 Instructor __________________________
Answer Sheet
Instructions:
This is an open-book exam. You may refer to your text and other course materials as you work on the exam and
you may use a calculator. Record your answers and show your work on this document. You must show your
work to receive credit: answers given with no work shown will not receive credit. You may type your work
using plain-text formatting or an equation editor, or you may hand-write your work and scan it. If you choose
to scan your work, note that most scanners have a setting that will allow you to create one PDF document from
all of the pages of your Answer Sheet – please make use of this option if it is available on your scanner.
Whether you type your work or write it by hand, show work neatly and correctly, following standard
mathematical conventions. Each step should follow clearly and completely from the previous step. If
necessary, you may attach extra pages.
You must complete the exam individually. Neither collaboration nor consultation with others is allowed.
Your exam will receive a zero grade unless you complete the following honor statement.
Please sign (or type) your name below the following honor statement:
I have completed this final examination myself, working independently and not consulting
anyone except the instructor. I have neither given nor received help on this final examination.
Name _______________ Date___________________
Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 2
Answer Sheet
Problem
Number
Solution
1
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ANSWER:
2
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ANSWE ...
This presentation will address the issue of sample size determination for social sciences. A simple example is provided for every to understand and explain the sample size determination.
Module 4: Model Selection and EvaluationSara Hooker
Delta Analytics is a 501(c)3 non-profit in the Bay Area. We believe that data is powerful, and that anybody should be able to harness it for change. Our teaching fellows partner with schools and organizations worldwide to work with students excited about the power of data to do good.
Welcome to the course! These modules will teach you the fundamental building blocks and the theory necessary to be a responsible machine learning practitioner in your own community. Each module focuses on accessible examples designed to teach you about good practices and the powerful (yet surprisingly simple) algorithms we use to model data.
To learn more about our mission or provide feedback, take a look at www.deltanalytics.org.
Top 100+ Google Data Science Interview Questions.pdfDatacademy.ai
Data science interviews can be particularly difficult due to the many proficiencies that you'll have to demonstrate (technical skills, problem solving, communication) and the generally high bar to entry for the industry.we Provide Top 100+ Google Data Science Interview Questions : All You Need to know to Crack it
visit by :-https://www.datacademy.ai/google-data-science-interview-questions/
Machine Learning jobs are one of the top emerging jobs in the industry currently, and standing out during an interview is key for landing your desired job. Here are some Machine Learning interview questions you should know about, if you plan to build a successful career in the field.
Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 1 Answer Sheet M.docxandreecapon
Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 1
Answer Sheet
Math 009 Introductory Algebra Name______________________________
Final Examination: Spring, 2015 Instructor __________________________
Answer Sheet
Instructions:
This is an open-book exam. You may refer to your text and other course materials as you work on the exam and
you may use a calculator. Record your answers and show your work on this document. You must show your
work to receive credit: answers given with no work shown will not receive credit. You may type your work
using plain-text formatting or an equation editor, or you may hand-write your work and scan it. If you choose
to scan your work, note that most scanners have a setting that will allow you to create one PDF document from
all of the pages of your Answer Sheet – please make use of this option if it is available on your scanner.
Whether you type your work or write it by hand, show work neatly and correctly, following standard
mathematical conventions. Each step should follow clearly and completely from the previous step. If
necessary, you may attach extra pages.
You must complete the exam individually. Neither collaboration nor consultation with others is allowed.
Your exam will receive a zero grade unless you complete the following honor statement.
Please sign (or type) your name below the following honor statement:
I have completed this final examination myself, working independently and not consulting
anyone except the instructor. I have neither given nor received help on this final examination.
Name _______________ Date___________________
Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 2
Answer Sheet
Problem
Number
Solution
1
WORK:
ANSWER:
2
WORK:
ANSWER:
3
WORK:
ANSWER:
4
WORK:
ANSWER:
Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 3
Answer Sheet
5
WORK:
ANSWER:
6
WORK:
ANSWER:
7
WORK:
ANSWER:
8
WORK:
ANSWER:
Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 4
Answer Sheet
9
WORK:
ANSWER:
10
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11
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12
WORK:
ANSWER:
Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 5
Answer Sheet
13
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ANSWER:
14
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15
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Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 6
Answer Sheet
17
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ANSWER:
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19
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20
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Math 009 Final Examination Spring, 2015 7
Answer Sheet
21
WORK:
ANSWER:
22
WORK:
ANSWE ...
This presentation will address the issue of sample size determination for social sciences. A simple example is provided for every to understand and explain the sample size determination.
Module 4: Model Selection and EvaluationSara Hooker
Delta Analytics is a 501(c)3 non-profit in the Bay Area. We believe that data is powerful, and that anybody should be able to harness it for change. Our teaching fellows partner with schools and organizations worldwide to work with students excited about the power of data to do good.
Welcome to the course! These modules will teach you the fundamental building blocks and the theory necessary to be a responsible machine learning practitioner in your own community. Each module focuses on accessible examples designed to teach you about good practices and the powerful (yet surprisingly simple) algorithms we use to model data.
To learn more about our mission or provide feedback, take a look at www.deltanalytics.org.
Top 100+ Google Data Science Interview Questions.pdfDatacademy.ai
Data science interviews can be particularly difficult due to the many proficiencies that you'll have to demonstrate (technical skills, problem solving, communication) and the generally high bar to entry for the industry.we Provide Top 100+ Google Data Science Interview Questions : All You Need to know to Crack it
visit by :-https://www.datacademy.ai/google-data-science-interview-questions/
Machine Learning jobs are one of the top emerging jobs in the industry currently, and standing out during an interview is key for landing your desired job. Here are some Machine Learning interview questions you should know about, if you plan to build a successful career in the field.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
To Graph or Not to Graph Knowledge Graph Architectures and LLMs
11 ml system design
1. 11. Machine Learning System
Design:
PRIORITIZING WHAT TO WORK ON: BUILDING A SPAM CLASSIFIER:
If a word is to be found in the email, we would assign its respective
entry a 1, else 0.
2. So how could you spend your time to improve the accuracy of this
classifier?
ERROR ANALYSIS:
We can try out different quick and dirty implementations of ML
algorithms and learning curves.
Lets take a high error example:
For example, assume that we have 500 emails and our algorithm
misclassifies a 100 of them. We could manually analyse the 100
emails and categorize them based on what type of emails they are.
We could then try to come up with new cues and features that
would help us classify these 100 emails correctly.
3. Hence, if most of our misclassified emails are those which try to
steal passwords, then we could find some features that are
particular to those emails and add them to our model.
It is very important to get error results as a single, numerical value.
Otherwise it is difficult to assess your algorithm's performance.
4. For example, if we use stemming, which is the process of treating
the same word with different forms (fail/failing/failed) as one word
(fail), and get a 3% error rate instead of 5%, then we should
definitely add it to our model.
However, if we try to distinguish between upper case and lower-
case letters and end up getting a 3.2% error rate instead of 3%,
then we should avoid using this new feature.
Hence, we should try new things, get a numerical value for our
error rate, and based on our result decide whether we want to
keep the new feature or not.
ERROR METRICS FOR SKEWED CLASSES:
Suppose we train a model and it gives an error of 1%.
But in the training examples, only 0.5 % people actually have
cancer… so predicting y=0 always is better choice as it gives only
0.5% error
This is an ambiguous form of judgement.
5. So, we come up with a new form of error metric: Precision and
Recall
Precision and Recall are defined by setting the rare class = 1not =0…
6. Now, if the algo predicts y=0 all the time, then this will give Recall =
0
➢Classifier with high precision and high recall is a good classifier
➢Even with very skewed classes, the algo can’t cheat
But:
So, to get high precision:
This will give high precision → as no of predicted positives is
decreased
And low recall
If:
7. Then:
How to compare precision recall values bw two algos:
Previously we had a single no metric for error analysis, but now we
have two nos.
8. How to determine which is better?
Taking average is not a good choice
A NEW EVALUATION METRICS:
F1 score:also called F score:
9. ➢To pick a threshold, try different values of threshold and one
with the best F-score is to be picked.
IMPORTANCE OF DATA IN MACHINE LEARNING:
Problems like confusable words problem are hard to entertain.
So what can we do to solve that ?
10. These algos were tried on different sizes of training data:
All of them give approx. same accuracy on a large dataset
It shows that:
So, for confusable words problem:
We have enough features that capture the surrounding words
o So, that’s enough info to predict the right answer
11. As a counter example:
We don’t have features like: how old the house is?
Does it have furniture?
Location?
Etc…
We have just the size!
An approach to determine if its possible to predict the o/p with
given set of features:
➢֍ In case of confusable words, a human expert can easily tell
the missing word accurately
➢֍ In case of housing price example: even a real estate expert
cant tell the exact priec of house based on just the size.
12. So, can having the lot of data help?
➢Assuming we have many features and a rich class of functions
→ low bias
➢Assuming we have huge huge dataset → low variance
→ This makes up for a very high performance algorithm.