Grammar is a systematic study of scientific method of which provides us information and guidance necessary to learn a language. It teaches us how a language is spoken and written correctly and effectively.

2. GRAMMAR
HOW TO TEACH ENGLISH GRAMMAR

3. Definition of Grammar:
• Grammar is a systematic study of scientific method of which
provides us information and guidance necessary to learn a
language. It teaches us how a language is spoken and
written correctly and effectively.
ALPHABET:
• The alphabet of English is composed of twenty-six letters.
They are divided into two classes.
i- Vowels ii- Consonants

4. Activity#1
Why is grammar important in our daily life?
5 Minutes

5. VOWELS :
• Five letters a,e,i,o,u areknown as the vowels in English.
CONSONANTS:
The remaining twenty-one letters of the alphabet are
known as the consonants in English. They are
b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z.
WORDS:
Word is a proper combination of letters it conveys some
idea.
e.g. Pencil, table, play , but

6. PHRASE:
• A group of words that makes some sense, but not the
complete sense.
e.g. in the table , in the east
CLAUSE:
A group of words which forms a part of a sentences, and
contains a subject and a verb of its own, is called clause.
There are three kinds of Clause.
(i) Independent clause
(ii) Dependent clause

7. CLAUSE:
(iii) Co-ordinate clause
Independent Clause:
It expresses a complete sense and it can work alone
as a sentence.
e.g. He has a chain which is made of Gold.
Dependent Clause:
It does not express complete thought and it cannot
work alone as a sentence.
e.g. If you take medicine regularly, you will get well soon.

8. Co-ordinate Clause:
• Two or more independent clauses of the same order or rank, when
found in sentence. These can stand by themselves as simple sentences.
• E.g. Dogs bark; lion roar.
SENTENCE:
A group of words that makes a complete sense.
e.g. We love Pakistan.
Types of sentences:
(i) Simple Sentence

9. TYPES OF SENTENCES:
(ii) Compound Sentence
(iii) Complex Sentence
Simple Sentence:
It conveys a single thought, and consists of only one
clause.
e.g. They live in Karachi.
Compound Sentence:
It conveys more than one thoughts, and consists of two
or more co-ordinate clause.
e.g. A horse gallops and a tortoise crawls.

10. Complex Sentence:
• It consists of one main
clause and one or more
sub-ordinate clauses.
e.g. When he saw me, he
ran away.

11. KINDS OF SENTENCES:
• There are five kinds of sentences.
1. Assertive Sentence:
It makes a statement. There are two kinds of assertive
sentences.
(i) Affirmative / Positive
(ii) Negative Sentence
2. Interrogative Sentence:
A sentence that asks a question.
e.g. Do you live in Lahore?

12. Imperative Sentence:
• A sentence that expresses an order, request or advice.
e.g. Don’t waste your time.
Always trust in Allah.
Exclamatory Sentence:
It expresses a strong or sudden feeling.
Hurrah! We won the match.
Alas! She has failed.
Optative Sentence: It expresses some wish.

13. PARTS OF SPEECH
1. NOUN
2. PRONOUN
3. VERB
4. ADJECTIVE
5. ADVERB
6. CONJUNCTION
7. INTERJECTION
8. PREPOSITION
9. ARTICLE

15. NOUN
A noun is a word as the same of a person, place, or thing.
Two categories of noun:
(i) Countable noun (ii) Uncountable noun
KINDS OF NOUNS:
Proper
Common
Collective
Material/Concrete
Abstract

16. PRONOUN
A word is used in place of noun.
e.g. He, she, it, they.
CASES OF PRONOUNS
SUBJECTIVE: I , WE , HE, SHE , THEY , YOU
POSSESSIVE: MY-MINE,OUR, HIS , HER , THEIR ,
YOUR
OBJECTIVE: ME, US, HIM, HER , THEM, YOU
KINDS OF PRONOUNS
PERSONAL

17. PRONOUN
• REFLEXIVE
• EMPHATIC
• DEMONSTRATIVE
• INTERROGATIVE
• INDEFINITE
• DISTRIBUTED PRONOUNS
• RELATIVE PRONOUNS

18. ADJECTIVE
• A word that adds something to the meaning of a noun or
pronoun.
• e.g. a good boy, a wise man.
KINDS OF ADJECTIVES:
1. ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY
QUANTITY
NUMBER

19. DEGREES OF ADJECTIVE
• POSITIVE DEGREE
• COMPARATIVE DEGREE
• SUPERLATIVE

20. VERB
• A word which denotes action or being of a subject.
• He goes to school every day.
• FORMS OF VERBS.
• PRESENT.
• PAST.
• PAST PARTICIPLE.
• PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
• KINDS OF VERB.

21. VERB
• TRANSITIVE
• INTRASITIVE
• HELPING VERB

22. ADVERB
• A word which modifies a verb and adjective.
• He ran quickly.
KINDS OF ADVERBS
• ADVERB OF MANNERS
• ADVERB OF PLACE
• ADVERB OF TIME
• ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

23. PREPOSITION
• A which shows relation between two nouns between a noun
and an adjective, between a noun and a verb or between a
pronoun and a verb.
• eg.. the book is on the table.
• on, in, at, for, off, with, by, over,
into,before, behind,etc.

24. CONJUNCTION
• A word which joins together words, phrases,clauses or
sentences.
SOME COOMENLY USED CONJUNCTIONS.
And , But, Or, Nor, Also, Till, Else, Though, etc.

25. INTERJECTION
• A word which expresses some sudden feelings of joy and
sorrow, wonder, fear etc.
• e.g. Hurrah!
• Alas.

26. ARTICLE
• Three small words are
used to introduced noun.
• e.g. A, AN, THE.
• Indefinite Article.
• Definite Article.

27. Avtivity#2
Write 10 sentences with use of preposition.
10 Minutes

28. THANK YOU