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10---Product_Architecture.ppt
- 1. Product Architecture Teaching materialsto accompany: Product Design and Development Chapter 10 Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger 5th Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012.
- 2. Product Design andDevelopment Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger 5th edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012. Chapter Table of Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Development Processes and Organizations 3. Opportunity Identification 4. Product Planning 5. Identifying Customer Needs 6. Product Specifications 7. Concept Generation 8. Concept Selection 9. Concept Testing 10. Product Architecture 11. Industrial Design 12. Design for Environment 13. Design for Manufacturing 14. Prototyping 15. Robust Design 16. Patents and Intellectual Property 17. Product Development Economics 18. Managing Projects
- 3. Planning Product Development Process Concept Development System-Level Design Detail Design Testingand Refinement Production Ramp-Up Product architecture is determined early in the development process. Platform decision Concept decision Decomposition decision
- 4. Product Architecture Example: Hewlett-PackardDeskJet Printer
- 5. Product Architecture: Definition Thearrangement of functional elements into physical chunks which become the building blocks for the product or family of products. Product module module module module module module module module
- 6. Trailer Example: Modular Architecture box hitch fairing bed springs wheels protectcargo from weather connect to vehicle minimize air drag support cargo loads suspend trailer structure transfer loads to road
- 7. Trailer Example: Integral Architecture upperhalf lower half nose piece cargo hanging straps spring slot covers wheels protect cargo from weather connect to vehicle minimize air drag support cargo loads suspend trailer structure transfer loads to road
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- 10. Choosing the ProductArchitecture Architecture decisions relate to product planning and concept development decisions: • Product Change (copier toner, camera lenses) • Product Variety (computers, automobiles) • Standardization (motors, bearings, fasteners) • Performance (racing bikes, fighter planes) • Manufacturing Cost (disk drives, razors) • Project Management (team capacity, skills) • System Engineering (decomposition, integration)
- 11. The concepts ofintegral and modular apply at several levels: • system • sub-system • component
- 12. Product Architecture = Decomposition+ Interactions • Interactions within chunks • Interactions across chunks
- 13. Establishing the Architecture Toestablish a modular architecture, create a schematic of the product, and cluster the elements of the schematic to achieve the types of product variety desired.
- 14. DeskJet Printer Schematic Flowof forces or energy Flow of material Flow of signals or data Store Output Store Blank Paper Enclose Printer Provide Structural Support Print Cartridge Position Cartridge In X-Axis Position Paper In Y-Axis Supply DC Power “Pick” Paper Control Printer Command Printer Connect to Host Communicate with Host Display Status Accept User Inputs Functional or Physical Elements
- 15. Cluster Elements intoChunks Store Output Store Blank Paper Enclose Printer Provide Structural Support Print Cartridge Position Cartridge In X-Axis Position Paper In Y-Axis Supply DC Power “Pick” Paper Control Printer Command Printer Connect to Host Communicate with Host Display Status Accept User Inputs Paper Tray Print Mechanism Logic Board Chassis Enclosure User Interface Board Host Driver Software Power Cord and “Brick” Functional or Physical Elements Chunks
- 16. Geometric Layout print mechanism paper tray userinterface board print cartridge logic board chassis chassis paper roller print cartridge paper tray enclosure logic board height
- 17. Incidental Interactions Enclosure Paper Tray Chassis Print Mechanism UserInterface Board Logic Board Power Cord and “Brick” Host Driver Software Styling Vibration Thermal Distortion Thermal Distortion RF Interference RF Shielding
- 18. Planning a ModularProduct Line: Commonality Table Chunks Number of Types Family Student SOHO (small office, home office) Print cartridge 2 “Manet” Cartridge “Picasso” Cartridge “Picasso” Cartridge Print Mechanism 2 "Aurora" Series Narrow "Aurora" series "Aurora" series Paper tray 2 Front-in Front-out Front-in Front-out Tall Front-in Front-out Logic board 2 “Next gen” board with parallel port “Next gen” board “Next gen” board Enclosure 3 Home style Youth style “Soft office” style Driver software 5 Version A-PC Version A-Mac Version B-PC Version B-Mac Version C Differentiation versus Commonality Trade off product variety and production complexity
- 19. Types of Modularity SwappingModularity Sharing Modularity Sectional Modularity Bus Modularity Fabricate-to-Fit Modularity Mix Modularity Adapted from K. Ulrich,” The Role of Product Architecture in the Manufacturing Firm”, Research Policy, 1995.
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- 26. Fundamental Decisions • Integralvs. modular architecture? • What type of modularity? • How to assign functions to chunks? • How to assign chunks to teams? • Which chunks to outsource?
- 27. Practical Concerns • Planningis essential to achieve the desired variety and product change capability. • Coordination is difficult, particularly across teams, companies, or great distances. • Special attention must be paid to handle complex interactions between chunks (system engineering methods).
- 28. Product Architecture: Conclusions •Architecture choices define the sub-systems and modules of the product platform or family. • Architecture determines: – ease of production variety – feasibility of customer modification – system-level production costs • Key Concepts: – modular vs. integral architecture – clustering into chunks – planning product families
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