This slide is prepared by me for the students studying in 1st Semester of Aircraft Maintenance Engineering. This is only the the introduction of Maintenance Practices involved in Aircraft Maintenance. Reference is taken from various aviation books and websites. Suggestions are welcome. Pls leave a like
PS- after downloading please don't change the name of author as you will be disregarding all the hard work done by me.
This slide is prepared by me for the students studying in 1st Semester of Aircraft Maintenance Engineering. This is only the the introduction of Maintenance Practices involved in Aircraft Maintenance. Reference is taken from various aviation books and websites. Suggestions are welcome. Pls leave a like
PS- after downloading please don't change the name of author as you will be disregarding all the hard work done by me.
This is Part 4 (in work) of work for my Advanced Technology Demonstration Aircraft project, to inspire interest in aerospace engineering for the RAeS and AIAA.
A control system is a collection of mechanical and electronic equipment that allows an aircraft to be flown with exceptional precision and reliability. Torque tubes are often used to actuate ailerons and flaps.
This is Part 4 (in work) of work for my Advanced Technology Demonstration Aircraft project, to inspire interest in aerospace engineering for the RAeS and AIAA.
A control system is a collection of mechanical and electronic equipment that allows an aircraft to be flown with exceptional precision and reliability. Torque tubes are often used to actuate ailerons and flaps.
This presentation on Scope of Textile Composite in Aerospace, Automotive, and Energy. It includes the area of application, shortcoming challenge, benefits of using textile composite in following section and how can we develop the following sector by improving textile composite.
Modern aerospace industry is highly progressive and polymer composite materials have a positive and significant impact on it. At least 30-40 percent of modern airframes are now made of these composites, and this percentage is increasing rapidly due to technological advances in this field. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials are fast gaining ground as preferred materials for construction of aircrafts and space crafts. This review paper demonstrates brief about the components of polymer composites, its properties and its uses in aerospace industries. Polymer composites are highly efficient and environment friendly. Traditional materials are susceptible to fatigue and corrosion when composite materials provide resistance to both of this along with its significant amount of weight reduction. Due to high strength and stiffness of its fiber, polymer composite provides high “strength to weight” & “stiffness to weight” ratios. Apart from this, they possess good shear properties and low density .As a result, new generation aerospace engineers and aircraft designers are turning to polymer composite materials to make their flying vehicle and aircraft lighter, stronger and of course more fuel efficient. A brief introduction of composites usage in aerospace sector is given first. The nature of Polymer composite materials and special problems in designing and working with them are then highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of polymer composites in aviation sector is discussed.
Link for Related Research Paper: http://www.ijert.org/view-pdf/16992/polymer-composites-in-aviation-sector
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.IJERA Editor
One of the main challenges for the civil aviation industry is the reduction of its environmental impact by better fuel efficiency by virtue of Structural optimization. Over the past years, improvements in performance and fuel efficiency have been achieved by simplifying the design of the structural components and usage of composite materials to reduce the overall weight of the structure. This paper deals with the weight optimization of transport aircraft with low wing configuration. The Linear static and Normal Mode analysis were carried out using MSc Nastran & Msc Patran under different pressure conditions and the results were verified with the help of classical approach. The Stress and displacement results were found and verified and hence arrived to the conclusion about the optimization of the wing structure.
he presence of civil aviation has affected our economic way of
life, it has made changes in our social and cultural viewpoints, and
has had a hand in shaping the course of political history.
The sociological changes brought about by air transportation are
perhaps as important as those it has brought about in the economy.
People have been brought closer together and so have reached a better understanding of interregional problems. Industry has found new
ways to do business. The opportunity for more frequent exchanges of
information has been facilitated, and air transport is enabling more
people to enjoy the cultures and traditions of distant lands.
In recent years, profound changes in technology and policy have
had significant impacts on civil aviation and its supporting airport
infrastructure. The industry continues to grow in numbers of aircraft,
passengers and cargo carried, and markets served, from nonstop
service on superjumbo aircraft between cities half-way across the
planet, to privately operated “very light jets” between any of thousands of small airports domestically. Growth encouraged from technological advancements countered with increased constraints on the
civil aviation system due to increased capacity limitations, security
regulations, and financial constraints have resulted in ever increasing
challenges to airport planning and design.
Civil aviation is typically considered in three sectors, commercial
service aviation (more commonly known as air carriers or airlines), air
cargo, and general aviation. Although the lines between these traditional sectors are becoming increasingly blurred, the regulations
and characteristics regarding their individual operations are often
mutually exclusive, and as such, those involved in airport planning
and design should have an understanding of each sector
Few Words to Parents Of Hindustan Aerospace and Engineering Students in Pune,...smee25
Description : Parents are better equipped with the career of their children. We Foster inner potentiality of candidate besides acquiring technical & non technical knowledge. Parents and teachers can jointly solve their problems, if any
https://haepune.org/few-words-parents.php
Keywords : Sha-Shib Group, own industry support, sha-shib group, Aviation Course Admission, Aviation Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, Aviation Course duration, Aviation Course pattern, Aviation Work Profile, Aviation Job Profile, Aviation Salary, Aviation Course Syllabus, Aviation Course in Pune, Maharashtra, India, haepune, AME alumni, sha-shib group, AME Course Admission, Aerospace Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, AME Course duration, AME Course pattern, AME Work Profile, AME Job Profile, AME Salary, AME Course Syllabus, AME Course in Pune, Maharashtra, India
Job Prospects Of Sha-shib Group Of Institution Pune, Maharashtra, Indiasmee25
Hindustan Aerospace and Engineering Pune gives you many reasons to join its institutions nationwide. We are about 30 years in the field of Education.
https://haepune.org/job-prospects.php
Job Prospects, haepune, AME Job Prospects, sha-shib group, AME Course Admission, Aerospace Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, AME Course duration, AME Course pattern, AME Work Profile, AME Job Profile, AME Salary, AME Course Syllabus, AME Course in Pune, Maharashtra, India
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
3) LNMIIT
4) NIMS UNIV
5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
8) APEX UNIV
9) AMITY UNIV.
10) JNU
TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSNje0MBh7g
VISIT CAREER MANTRA PORTAL TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES/UNIVERSITITES in Jaipur:
https://careermantra.net/colleges/3378/Jaipur/b-tech
Get all the information you need to plan your next steps in your medical career with Career Mantra!
https://careermantra.net/
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
ACRP 4-09 Risk Assessment Method to Support Modification of Airfield Separat...
Helicopter structure
1. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
WELCOME TO CLASS
AJD 21603 ROTORCRAFT
SYSTEM, MAINTENANCE AND
ROLE EQUIPMENT
“... There are two ways to lead your life….
One is as though nothing is a miracle….
The other is as if everything is…. “
2. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Course Outline
Assignment/Practical 50%
Quizzes/Midterm 20%
Final Examination 30%
18 weeks consisting of both lecturing and practical..
Note : Those who missed 10% of the class attendance without any
valid reason or justification will be BARRED from taking the final
examination.
3. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Topics to be covered:
1. Helicopter Structure
2. Principles of Helicopter Maintenance
3. Routine Maintenance Activities
4. Storage Procedures
5. Basic Helicopter Ground Handling
6. Ground Handling Equipment
7. Inspection Requirement after incidents
8. Inspection Requirement after major
Inspection or component replacement.
9. Emergency and role equipment
10.Practical projects
4. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
HELICOPTER STRUCTUREHELICOPTER STRUCTURE
5. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
LESSON OBJECTIVE:
1. GAIN KNOWLEDGE ON HELICOPTER STRUCTURAL PARTS & ITS
PRINCIPLE OF CONTRUCTION, MAIN COMPONENTS MOUNTINGS
AND THE HELICOPTER LOAD PATHS
LESSON OUTCOMES:
1. DESCRIBE THE METHODS OF CONTRUCTION OF VARIOUS
HELICOPTER’S STRUCTURAL PARTS SUCH AS MAIN FUSELAGE, TAIL
BOOM, HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL STABILIZER.
2. DESCRIBE THE METHOD OF MAIN GEAR BOX, ENGINE AND
UNDERCARRIAGE MOUNTINGS.
3. DESCRIBE THE HELICOPTER LOAD PATHS
6. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
INTRODUCTION
• IN SUBJECT AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE, YOU'VE LEARNED THE VARIOUS
METHODS THAT ARE USED IN AEROPLANE CONSTRUCTION.
• YOU ALSO HAVE TOUCHED ON VARIOUS TERMINOLOGIES THAT
ARE RELATED TO AEROPLANE CONSTRUCTION.
• IN THIS SUBJECT YOU'LL LEARN SOME OF THE TERMINOLOGIES AND
METHOD OF AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION THAT ARE PECULIER TO
HELICOPTERS.
• THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY AND TYPE OF MATERIALS USED
ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF HELICOPTERS HAVE CHANGED
TREMENDEOUSLY FOR THE LAST 40 YEARS.
7. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
MAJOR HELICOPTER
COMPONENTS
8. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
METHOD OF HELICOPTER CONSTRUCTION
METHODS OF HELICOPTER CONSTRUCTION CAN BE DIVIDED
INTO THREE CATEGORIES, THERE ARE:
1. TUBULAR CONSTRUCTION
2. STRESSED CONSTRUCTION
3. BONDED OR COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
THOUGH THE CONCEPT OF CONSTRUCTION IS VERY SIMILAR
FIXED WING AIRCRAFT, THERE ARE SOME DIFFERENCES IN TERM
OF LOAD PATHS & PARTS THAT CONSTITUTES THE STRUCTURE.
9. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
TUBULAR CONSTRUCTION
• THIS TYPE OF CONTRUCTION IS USED OF EARLY GENERATION
HELICOPTER SUCH AS BELL 47.
• TUBULAR TUBES WHICH ARE ALSO KNOWN AS TRUSSES ARE
WELDED TOGETHER TO FORM THE FUSELAGE.
• ADVANTAGES:
1. HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO.
2. THE FUSELAGE CAN BE REPAIRED AT FIELD LEVEL UNLESS THERE IS
A NEED FOR A JIG FOR ALIGNMENT PROCESS.
• DISADVANTAGES:
1. HIGH COST OF MANUFACTURING.
2. DIFFICULT TO HOLD DIMENSIONS TO A CLOSE TOLERENCE.
10. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
EXAMPLE OF TUBULAR CONSTRUCTIONEXAMPLE OF TUBULAR CONSTRUCTION
11. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
TUBULAR CONSTRUCTION METHODTUBULAR CONSTRUCTION METHOD
1. NORMALLY 4 LONGERONS RAN THE LENGTH OF THE FUSELAGE –
THEY TOOK MOST OF THE COMPRESSIVE & TENSILE LOADS.
THEY ARE KEPT APART BY THE CROSS MEMBERS – IDEALLY
MOST OF THEM IN TENSION.
2. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE CROSS TUBES CAN BE EITHER 'N', 'X'
OR 'W' TO COPE WITH THE SIDE WAYS LOADS FROM THE TAIL
ROTOR-FIN-TAILPLANE.
3. THE LONGERONS & CROSS TUBES FORMED THE PRIMARY
STRUCTURE.
4. THE CROSS BRACING TOOK THE INTERNAL SPACE & ARE
RELATIVELY HEAVY. STREAMLINING STRUCTURE ARE ADDED
WHICH ARE CALLED SECONDARY STRUCTURE. THEY ARE
ATTACHED TO THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE & THE WHOLE THING
IS COVERED IN FABRIC.
12. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
STRESSED SKIN CONSTRUCTIONSTRESSED SKIN CONSTRUCTION
1. USED MAINLY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS IN ITS CONTRUCTION.
2. CAN BE EITHER MONOCOQUE OR SEMI-MONOCOQUE.
ADVANTAGE:
• HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO. RATIO WAS HIGHER
THAN THE TUBULAR CONSTRUCTION FOR THE SAME SIZE.
• EASY TO MANUFACTURER & FASTER.
• MORE PRECISION IN TERM OF FITTING TOLERENCE
(BECAUSE OF THE JIGS BEING USED)
• FEW REPAIR TOOLS NEEDED AT FIELD LEVEL.
14. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
STRESSED SKIN CONSTRUCTION
1. IN THE FIELD, FEW ADDITIONAL TOOLS WERE REQUIRED
FOR REPAIRS.
2. IN TERM OF FUSELAGE CHARACTERISTICS, THIS TYPE OF
STRUCTURE IS MORE DELICATE – EASILY DAMAGE.
3. FOR MAJOR REPAIRS, THE FUSELAGE WOULD REQUIRED
JIGS TO OBTAIN PROPER ALIGNMENT FOR THE VARIOUS
SECTIONS.
4. IN HISTORY, FEW HELICOPTERS WERE BUILT USING A
COMBINATION OF SHEET METAL CONSTRUCTION & THE
TUBLAR CONSTRUCTION. TUBULAR DESIGN – AREAS
WHERE HIGH STRENGTH IS NEEDED. SHEET METAL,
STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS ARE NOT CRITICAL.
15. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
SEMI MONOCOQUE
16. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
EXAMPLE OF HELICOPTER JIG – B412
17. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
SEMI MONOCOQUE CONSTRUCTION
• SEMI MONOCOQUE CONSTRUCTION CONSISTS OF A
FRAMEWORK OF VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL MEMBERS
COVERED WITH A METAL SKIN.
• VERTICAL MEMBERS CALLED BULKHEADS OR FORMERS
PROVIDE SHAPE OF THE FUSELAGE.
• THE HEAVY LONGITUDINAL MEMBERS KNOWN AS
LONGERONS, PROVIDE THE PRIMARY STRENGTH, WHILE
THE LIGHTER LONGITUDINAL MEMBERS KNOWN AS
STRINGERS GIVE A MEANS OF ATTACHING & STIFFENING
THE SKIN.
18. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
BELL 412 FUSELAGE CONSTRUCTION
CONSISTS OF 2 MAJOR COMPONENTS:
1. FUSELAGE - FUSELAGE INCLUDES THE CREW & CABIN
AREA, WINDSHIELD, WINDOWS, CREW AND
PASSENGER DOORS, PYLON & ENGINE COWLINGS AND THE
LANDING GEAR.
2. TAIL BOOM - TAIL BOOM INCLUDES THE BAGGAGE
COMPARTMENT, ELEVATOR, DRIVESHAFT & GEARBOX
COVERS, VERTICAL FIN & TAIL SKID.
19. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Main
fuselage
Tail
Boom
20. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
BELL FUSELAGE CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
•
AIRFRAME IS A CONVENTIONAL SEMI-MONOCOQUE STRUCTURE
OF BULKHEADS, SUPORT BEAMS, STRINGERS, AND CAST AND
MACHINED FITTINGS, WHICH ARE HELD TOGETHER BY
INTERCOSTALS AND COVERED WITH AN EXTERNAL SKIN.
1. THE PRIMARY CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL IS CORROSION
RESISTANT ALUMINIUM ALLOY.
2. OTHER MATERIALS INCLUDE TITANIUM WORKDECK AREAS,
TITANIUM FUEL CELL PANELS AND STAINLESS STEEL
FIREWALLS.
3. IT FEATURES EXTENSIVE USE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE BONDED
HONEYCOMB PANELS WITH LONG LIFE, HIGH STRENGTH &
LIGHT WEIGHT.
21. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
CONTINUE
1. NON-STRUCTURAL FIBREGLASS MOLDED PANELS ARE ALSO
USED. THESE REDUCE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS &
ENHANCE THE OVERALL APPERANCE OF THE HELICOPTER BY
PRESENTING SMOOTH CONTOURS.
2. PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSIVE ELEMENTS AND
GALVANIC ACTION IS PROVIDED BY A COATING OF EPOXY
POLYAMIDE PRIMER.
3. ALL PANEL EDGES AND FIBERGLASS SURFACES ARE SEALED
AND SPOT WELDING IS NOT USED.
4. THE EXTERIOR SURFACE OF THE HELICOPTER IS FURTHER
PROTECTED BY VERY DURABLE POLYURETHANE PAINT.
22. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
MONOCOQUE CONSTRUCTION
23. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
MONOCOQUE CONSTRUCTION
THE MONOCOQUE CONSTRUCTION INVOLVES THE
CONSTRUCTION OF A METAL OR COMPOSITE MATERIAL TUBE
OR CONE WITHOUT NTERNAL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS.
IN SOME CASES IT IS NECESSARY TO HAVE FORMERS TO
MAINTAIN THE SHAPE, BUT IT IS THE STRESSED SKIN THAT
CARRIES THE PRINCIPLE STRESS IMPOSED UPON THE
STRUCTURE.
EXAMPLE OF MONOCOQUE CONSTRUCTION IN HELICOPTER IS
TAIL BOOM.
24. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
BONDED CONSTRUCTION
THE THIRD TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION INVOLVES STRUCTURE
WHOSE PARTS ARE JOINED TOGETHER BY CHEMICAL
METHODS RATHER THAN MECHANICAL.
FIBREGLASS, HONEYCOMB AND OTHER COMPOSITE
MATERIALS ARE USED IN THESE STRUCTURES BY THE USE OF
ADHESIVES, HEAT & PRESSURE.
ADVANTAGE: HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIOS, REDUCED
CONSTRUCTION COST BY ELIMINATING RIVETING & WELDING.
25. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF SIKORSKY S76
26. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
STRESS AND LOADS
THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF A HELICOPTER ARE DIFFERENT
FROM THE CONVENTIONAL FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT – DUE TO
THE LOADS AND STRESSES THAT ARE PLACED ON THE
AIRFRAMES IN DIFFERENT LOCATION.
MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL MUST UNDERSTAND THIS
DIFFERENCES THROUGHLY IN ORDER TO PROPERLY INSPECT
& REPAIR THE HELICOPTER AIRFRAME
27. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
FIXED – WING AIRCRAFT
FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT: 2 AREAS THAT MUST BE BUILT FOR
THE PRIMARY STRESS LOADS OF LIFT AND THRUST.
ENGINE ATTACHMENT – CARRY THE THRUST LOADS
WING ATTACHMENT – CARRY THE LIFT LOADS
28. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
HELICOPTER
HELICOPTER FUSELAGE CARRIES BOTH THE LIFT AND THRUST
FORCES AT THE SAME POINT.
THE CENTER AREA OF HELICOPTER MUST BE BUILT TO CARRY
AND PROPEL THE HELICOPTER BECAUSE THE MAIN ROTOR IS
BOTH THE WING AND PROPELLER.
29. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
LANDING
FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT MUST DEPEND ON FORWARD SPEED
FOR FLIGHT AND TO LAND SMOOTHLY, (2 DIRECTIONS) THE
HELICOPTER WILL USUALLY CARRY THE LOAD IN ONE
DIRECTION.
SOME OCCASIONS – HELICOPTER MAY CARRY BOTH LOADS –
AUTOROTATION & TAIL ROTOR LANDING FAILURE.
CONSTRUCTION PROVISION MUST INCLUDES THESE 2
ELEMENTS
30. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
VIBRATION LEVELS
HELICOPTER HAS THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF VIBRATION DUE TO
THE USE OF SO MANY ROTATING COMPONENTS.
NEW HELICOPTERS HAS LESS VIBRATION LEVEL DUE TO
INCORPORATION OF VARIOUS VIBRATION ABSORBING
METHODS – BIFILAR & NODAL BEAM.
HOWEVER THE VIBRATION STIL EXIST & TRANSFERRED
THROUGHTOUT THE AIRFRAME – EFFECT CAN WEAKEN THE
AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE.
EFFECT OF VIBRATION MUST BE CONSIDERED DURING THE
INSPECTION OF HELICOPTER AIRFRAME.
31. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
TAIL SECTION
TAIL SECTION OF HELICOPTER MUST ALSO BE CONSIDERED
DIFFERENT FROM THOSE OF THE FIXED – WING AIRCRAFT
BECAUSE OF TAIL ROTOR.
TAIL ROTOR – PROVIDES BOTH DIRECTIONAL & ANTI –
TORQUE. IN ADDITION IT ALSO PRODUCES VIBRATION.
SOME OF THESE LOADS ARE RELIEVED IN FLIGHT BY
VERTICAL FIN, THE SIDE LOAD IS STILL PRESENT ON THE TAIL
BOOM DURING ALL MODES OF FLIGHT.
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER ALSO CONTRIBUTES TOWARDS
ADD. LOAD PRESENT IN TAIL BOOM.
BECAUSE OF THIS, INSP. REQUIREMENT IS REQUIRED AT THE
TAIL BOOM JUNCTION.
32. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
CASE STUDY – AS350/355 FUSELAGE
1. USES A COMBINATION OF VARIOUS MATERIALS & IS A SEMI-
MONOCOQUE CONSTRUCTION.
2. MATERIALS USED ARE ALUMINIUM, FIBREGLASS
MATERIALS WHICH USES THE THERMOSETTING TYPE OF
RESINS.
3. STEEL IS ONLY USED WHERE IT IS ABSOLUTELY
NECESSARY.
34. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
BODY STRUCTURE
THE BODY STRUCTURE IS THE MAIN STRUCTURAL MEMBER
OF THE FUSELAGE.
IT NOT ONLY CARRIES THE LIFT & THRUST LOADS, BUT ALSO
THE LANDING LOADS.
SUPPORTS ALL OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FUSELAGE EITHER
DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY.
ALL THE FORCES APPLIED TO THESE MEMBERS WILL BE
TRANSMITTED TO BOX STRUCTURE.
THE TRANSMISSION ASSEMBLY, WHICH IS CONNECTED TO
THE MAIN ROTOR & ABSORBS THE COMPRESSION LOADS OF
LANDING IS ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF THE BOX.
IN THE MIDDLE OF THIS STRUCTURE IS PLACED THE FULE
TANKS, WHICH IS THE MOST PROTECTED AREA OF THE
HELICOPTER.
36. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
BOTTOM STRUCTURE
ATTACHED TO THE BODY STRUCTURE ON THE FRONT OF THE
BOX IS THE BOTTOM STRUCTURE & CABIN FLOOR.
MADE OF 2 CANTILEVERED BEAMS EXTENDING FROM THE
BOX THAT ARE CONNECTED TO THE CROSS MEMBERS OF THE
BOX.
THE 2 BEAMS CARRY THE WEIGHT OF THE CABIN & TRANSMIT
IT TO THE BOX.
CROSS MEMBERS ARE ADDED TO THESE 2 BEAMS TO SUPPORT
THE FLOOR & THE LOWER SKIN PANELS
THE CABIN SECTION ATTACHES DIRECTLY TO THE FLOOR.
38. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
CABIN SECTION
MADE ALMOST ENTIRELY OF FROM SYNTHETIC MATERIALS
(POLYCARBONATE REINFORCED WITH GLASS FIBRE)
CONSISTS OF SUB ASSEMBLIES – CABIN ROOF, NOSE &
VERTICAL MEMBERS.
HEAT MOULDED & ASSEMBLED BY BANDING & ULTRASONIC
SPOT WELDING.
BOLTED TO THE CABIN FLOOR AND THE BODY BULKHEAD.
OTHER ITEMS – WINDOWS, WINDSHIELD & LOWER WINDOW
(ALL POLYCARBONATE)
TRANSPARENT POLYCARBONATE – SUPERIOR STRENGTH
PROPERTIES.
39. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
AS355 CABIN
41. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
REAR SECTION
CONNECTS TO THE BODY SECTION
MADE OF 3 FRAMES CONNECTED BY BEAMS TO THE BODY
SECTION.
THIS FRAME, COVERED WITH A STAINLESS STEEL FIREWALL,
ACT AS ATTAHMENT POINT FOR ENGINE.
INSIDE THIS SECTION ACTS AS A BAGGAGE AREA.
TAIL BOOM SECTION IS BOLTED TO THE REAR FRAME.
43. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
TAIL BOOM
CONVENTIONAL DESIGN – CIRCULAR FRAMES, STRINGERS &
OUTER SKIN.
STRINGERS & STIFFENERS – GIVE RIGIDITY.
ITEMS FITTED TO TAIL BOOM – TGB, TRDS, VERTICAL &
HORIZONTAL STABILIZERS.
ADDITIONAL STIFFENERS ARE ATTACED TO THE STRUCTURE.
45. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL STABILIZER
LOWER VERTICAL FIN – SYMMETRICAL AIRFOIL. PROTECTED
BY TAIL ROTOR GUARD WHICH IS ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM
OF THE FIN.
FIN IS BOLTED TO THE TAIL BOOM AT LEADING EDGE & SPAR
SECTION OF THE FIN.
TOP FIN – DISSYMMETRICAL AIRFOIL – TO OFFLOAD T/ROTOR
IN FORWARD FLIGHT. ATTACHMENT IS SIMILAR TO LOWER
FIN.
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER – DISSYMMETRICAL AIRFOIL –
PRODUCE DOWNWARD FORCE TO KEEP THE HELICOPTER
LEVEL IN FORWARD FLIGHT.
IT PASSES THROUGH THE SLOT IN THE TAIL BOOM & BOLTED
ON EACH SIDE.
48. FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
ANTI-VIBRATION DEVICE
LOCATED UNDER THE PILOT’S SEAT & CREATES A NODE IN
VERTICAL VIBRATIONS IN THE CABIN SECTION OF THE
HELICOPTER.
THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY ADDING A STEEL BLADE WHICH
HAS A WEIGHT ATTACHED.
THIS RESONANTES WITH THE VIBRATIONS OF THE AIRFRAME.