Basic helicopter ground handling

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
AJD21603 ROTORCRAFT SERVICING,
MAINTENANCE AND ROLE EQUIPMENT
WEEK 8:
BASIC HELICOPTER GROUND HANDLING
(CONTINUE)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. GAIN KNOWLEDGE ON PURPOSE AND METHOD OF
MOORING ON HELICOPTER.
2. GAIN KNOWLEDGE ON JACKING PROCEDURES
AND SAFETY PRECAUTION ASSOCIATED WITH
HELICOPTER JACKING.
3. EXPLAIN HOW TO PROPERLY CARRY OUT JACKING
OF HELICOPTER AND THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
THAT ARE REQUIRED TO OBSERVED DURING THE
PROCESS.

INTRODUCTION
IN THIS LESSON YOU'LL LEARN WHAT IT MEANS BY
MOORING. YOU WILL ALSO BE EXPOSED TO HOW TO
PROPERLY CARRIED OUT THOSE TWO ACTIVITIES.
THE SECOND PART OF THIS LESSON WILL INTRODUCE
TO YOU SOME ASPECTS OF JACKING THAT INCLUDES
THE RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES AND THE SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS THAT ARE REQUIRED TO BE OBSERVED
DURING THE JACKING PROCESS.

MOORING
MOORING IS REQUIRED IF HELICOPTER IS TO BE
STORED OUTSIDE.
HELICOPTER SHOULD BE FACING THE EXPECTED
WIND DIRECTION.
IF HELICOPTER IS EQUIPPED WITH SKID GEAR, THE
WHEELS SHOULD ALWAYS BE RETRACTED, OR
REMOVED ANY TIME THE HELICOPTER IS TO REMAIN
IN A STATIC POSITION.
FOR HELICOPTER EQUIPPED WITH LANDING GEAR,
THE WHEELS MUST BE PROPERLY CHOKED.

EXAMPLE OF MOORING ON S-61

EXAMPLE OF MOORING

MOORING ON BELL 212

MOORING POINT

MOORING GUIDELINES
MOST HELICOPTERS HAVE PROVISION FOR TIE-
DOWNS ON THE FUSELAGE (SOMETIMES IT ALSO THE
PLACE OF JACKPOINTS).
TIEDOWNS OR MOORING RINGS ON THE FUSELAGE
MAY BE USED TO ANCHOR THE HELICOPTER TO THE
RAMP, IF THE TIEDOWNS ARE AVAILABLE.
ANY TIME THE HELICOPTER IS PARKED THE ROTORS
MUST BE TIED DOWN. THESE INCLUDES BOTH THE
MAIN & TAIL ROTOR.
IT WILL PREVENT DAMAGE FROM WIND & OTHER
HELICOPTER LANDING IN THE IMMEDIATE AREA.

MOORING GUIDELINES (CONT)
THE TIEDOWNS SHOULD BE TIGHT ENOUGH TO
ABSORB NORMAL BLADE FLEXING ASSOCIATED WITH
FULLY ARTICULATED MRH & HUB MOVEMENT OF
SEMI-RIGID MRH.
TOO MUCH FLEXING OF THE BLADE CAN RESULT IN
THE TIEDOWN COMING OFF. IT CAN ALSO CAUSED
THE MAST DAMAGE.
THE SAME SITUATION ALSO APPLIES TO TAIL ROTOR,
I.E THE RESTRAINED MUST NOT BE TOO LOOSED.

MOORING ON
S-76

MOORING EQUIPMENT

HELICOPTER PROTECTION
MOST HELICOPTERS HAVE COVERS THAT CAN BE
INSTALLED IF IT IS TO REMAIN OUTSIDE OVERNIGHT.
MOST COMMON AREAS: ENGINE INLET & EXHAUST
PITOT AND STATIC PORTS.
ADDITIONAL COVERS MAY BE APLLIED WHEN THE
HELICOPTER WILL BE EXPOSED TO THE WEATHER FOR
LONG PERIODS OF TIME OR TO SEVERE WEATHER
CONDITIONS. THESE INCLUDES WINDSHIELD, BLADES
& ROTOR HEAD.
MOST OF THE TIME SUCH PROTECTION IS NOT
REQUIRED UNLESS EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS
EXIST.

HELICOPTER
PROTECTION
ON S-61

ENGINE INTAKE
COVERS

HELICOPER TOWING
THE GROUND HANDLING OF HELICOPTERS DIFFERS
FROM THAT OF FIXED WING AIRCRAFT.
HELICOPTERS CAN EITHER EQUIPPED WITH SKID TYPE
OR NORMAL LANDING GEAR WITH WHEELS.
HELICOPTERS EQUIPPED WITH NORMAL TYPE LANDING
GEAR ARE TOWED VERY MUCH SIMILAR TO FIXED
WING AIRCRAFT.

HELICOPER TOWING
THE SKID TYPE LANDING GEAR USES THE GROUND
HANDLING WHEEL TO MOVE THE AIRCRAFT.
ON LARGER AIRCRAFT, THEY ARE OFTEN RAISED OR
LOWERED WITH HAND OPERATED HYDRAULIC PUMP.
SMALL AIRCRAFT USES IRON BAR TO MANUALLY RAISE
THE TOWING BAR.

SKID TYPE LANDING GEAR

TOWING PRECAUTION
A BAR MUST BE USED FOR RAISING & LOWERING
MANUALLY OPERATED WHEELS.
THE BAR MUST BE SECURED FIRMLY TO THE GROUND
HANDLING UNIT.
THE PERSONNEL MUST STAND CLEAR OF THE BAR, IN
CASE OF SLIPPAGE, WHEN THE HELICOPTER IS RAISED
AND LOWERED.

TOWING PRECAUTION
HANDS OR FEET MUST NEVER BE PLACED UNDER SKID
GEAR DURING THE RAISING OR LOWERING
OPERATON.
ALL LOCKING DEVICES & PINS MUST BE FIRMLY IN
PLACE PRIOR TO RELEASING PRESSURE FROM THE BAR.
UNDER NO CIRCUMTANCES SHOULD THE HELICOPTER
BE STARTED WITH THE GROUND HANDLING WHEELS IN
THE DOWN POSITION.

EXAMPLE OF
GROUND
HANDLING WHEEL

TOWING OF
SKID TYPE
LANDING GEAR

TOWING OF BELL 212

TOWING GUIDELINES
EVEN AT ITS BEST POSITION, THE GROUND HANDLING
WHEELS ARE QUITE AWKWARD FOR MOVING THE
AIRCRAFT.
MOST OF THE TIME THE WHEELS ARE LOCATED NEAR C
OF G.
BECAUSE OF WHEEL LOCATIONS & DIFFERENCES IN
AIRCRAFT,SOME UPWARD OR DOWNWARD PX MAY BE
REQUIRED TO KEEP THE SKIDS OFF THE GROUND.
AIRCRAFT ARE NORMALLY MOVED BY HAND, PUSHING
OR PULLING BY MEANS OF TOWING BAR.

TOWING GUIDELINES
EXTREME CAUTION MUST BE EXERCISED TO PREVENT
ANY DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENTS SUCH AS TAIL ROTOR
& ANTENNAS.
REFER TO M.M FOR THE DESIGNATED POINTS.
LARGER AIRCRAFT ARE PULLED BY MEANS OF
TOWING BAR.

HELICOPTER PLATFORM

HELICOPTER PLATFORM
IF THE HELICOPTER IS TO BE KEPT INSIDE OR IF
MAINTENANCE IS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED, THE
HELICOPTER MAY LAND ON A PLATFORM OF DOLLY.
MOST OF THESE DOLLIES ARE PULLED MY MEANS OF
TOWING VEHICLE.
NEWER VERSIONS HAVE THEIR OWN MOTOR WHICH IS
USED FOR MOVING THE DOLLIES WHILE SOME HAVE THE
CAPABILITY TO BECOME GROUND POWER UNIT (GPU)
THE PLATFORM IS SPECIFIC FOR ONE PARTICULAR
AIRCRAFT & SHALL NOT BE MIXED. THIS IS DUE DIFFERENT
DOLLIES HAVE DIFFERENT WEIGHT CARRYING
CAPACITY.

HELICOPTER JACKING
REASONS FOR HELICOPTER JACKING.
1. HELICOPTER LEVELLING.
2. WHEEL CHANGED.
3. STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE
4. U/C MAINTENANCE – COMPONENTS REPLACEMENT
& SERVICING.
5. TROUBLESHOOTING – U/C EXTENTION &
RETRACTION SYSTEM.
6. WEIGHING

JACKING GUIDELINES
PROPER PROCEDURES SHOULD ALWAYS BE REFER TO
M.M BUT GENERALLY;
ONE PERSON AT EACH JACKING POINT & ONE CO-
ORDINATOR AS SUPERVISOR.
CHECK A/C WEIGHT, FUEL STATE & C OF G.
POSITION A/C INTO WIND, CHOCK THE WHEELS &
BRAKE OFF.
ENSURE ADEQUATE CLEARANCE.
EARTHING CABLE.

JACKING GUIDELINES
U/C GROUND LOCKS.
JACKING PADS TO JACKING POINTS.
POSITION THE JACKS TO JACKING POINTS & RAISED
SLOWLY UNTIL ADAPTERS ARE LOCATED CENTRALLY.
JACKS VERTICAL & LOAD EVENLY DISTRIBUTED.
REMOVE CHOCKS & RAISED SLOWLY. ENSURE A/C
HORIZONTAL. U/C FULLY EXTEND & CLEARED FOR
FEW INCHES.
TIGHTEN RAM LOCKNG NUTS

JACKING & LEVELLING
OF AS355

Basic helicopter ground handling

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