This document discusses various equipment and systems related to aircraft cabins and flight decks. It covers topics such as cabin interior design aspects for comfort and safety, flight compartment equipment like seats and emergency gear, passenger compartment furnishings including seats and service units, and maintenance procedures for seats and harnesses. Key requirements for cabin interior and flight deck equipment outlined include providing safety, comfort and convenience for passengers and crew.
This document discusses various emergency equipment required on aircraft, including:
- Handheld fire extinguishers of various types (Halon 1211, water)
- First aid kits, oxygen masks, protective equipment, life jackets, life rafts, escape slides/chutes, and survival packs.
It provides details on inspecting, servicing, and storing this emergency equipment to ensure it remains in working order in the event it needs to be used.
The document discusses aircraft galley equipment, including storage locations, appliances, and systems. Key points:
- Galley equipment includes beverage makers, ice makers, trash compactors, and a vapor cycle chiller unit for cold storage.
- Power is controlled by switches on the flight engineer's panel and in the galley. Galleys have their own electrical feed circuits.
- Galleys are located on seat tracks and bolted to the aircraft fuselage. Some larger aircraft have center galleys.
- Appliances like ovens and water heaters have individual control panels and are accessed through removable panels.
This document provides an overview of aircraft landing gear systems. It describes three common types of landing gear: tricycle gear, taildragger gear, and ski gear. It then discusses key components of landing gear systems like nose wheel steering, shimmy damping systems, and safety systems. Nose wheel steering uses hydraulic power to turn the nose wheel. Shimmy damping systems like piston, vane, and steer types control unwanted vibration. Safety systems include mechanical downlocks, safety switches, and ground locks to prevent accidental gear retraction.
AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE BASIC FOR LOAD CONTROLjasmine jacob
The document discusses aircraft weight and balance requirements. It covers key topics such as:
1) Compliance with weight and balance limits is critical for flight safety, as exceeding maximum weight limits can compromise structural integrity and affect aircraft performance. Operating with the center of gravity outside approved limits can also cause control difficulties.
2) Proper load planning, distribution, and securing of cargo and baggage is required. Various aircraft compartments and structural loading limitations must be followed.
3) Dangerous goods and special items require special documentation and handling procedures. Records of weight and balance calculations must be retained for regulatory compliance.
This document provides an overview of the requirements for airfields to support low visibility operations including CAT II and CAT III approaches. It discusses runway characteristics such as width, slope, and markings. It also outlines the requirements for visual aids including lighting of runways, taxiways, approach lights, and signage. Finally, it addresses non-visual aids like ILS facilities and the protection of critical and sensitive areas, as well as obstacle clearance for ensuring safety during low visibility approaches and landings.
Ground handling involves servicing aircraft while on the ground at an airport terminal. It includes cabin cleaning, catering by unloading used and loading fresh food, ramp services like guiding aircraft into position and refueling, passenger services like check-in and boarding, and field operations like dispatching flights. A variety of equipment is used like tractors, stairs, carts, and trucks to provide power, transport passengers and supplies, and service lavatories and food. Efficient ground operations are important to decrease aircraft turnaround times and increase productivity.
The document discusses aircraft ground handling equipment used in maintenance activities. It describes the engineer's responsibility to properly maintain ground equipment according to manufacturer manuals, as required to issue a Certificate of Release to Service. Examples of routine maintenance for different ground equipment are provided, such as hydraulic component replacement and cable replacement. Failure to maintain ground equipment can pose safety hazards and has contributed to aircraft accidents.
Refueling and defueling aircraft requires specific procedures and safety precautions. There are two main types of aviation fuel - AVGAS for piston engines and AVTUR for turbine engines. Refueling can be done through an open orifice or pressure system. The refueling procedure involves bonding the fuel truck and nozzle, using a mat to protect the wing, and avoiding contact between the nozzle and tank bottom. Defueling uses suction pumps or gravity to drain tanks through valves or petcocks. Safety precautions mandate only trained personnel, fire extinguishers, correct fuel grades, bonding of all components, cleanup of spills, and avoidance of ignition sources during the process.
This document discusses various emergency equipment required on aircraft, including:
- Handheld fire extinguishers of various types (Halon 1211, water)
- First aid kits, oxygen masks, protective equipment, life jackets, life rafts, escape slides/chutes, and survival packs.
It provides details on inspecting, servicing, and storing this emergency equipment to ensure it remains in working order in the event it needs to be used.
The document discusses aircraft galley equipment, including storage locations, appliances, and systems. Key points:
- Galley equipment includes beverage makers, ice makers, trash compactors, and a vapor cycle chiller unit for cold storage.
- Power is controlled by switches on the flight engineer's panel and in the galley. Galleys have their own electrical feed circuits.
- Galleys are located on seat tracks and bolted to the aircraft fuselage. Some larger aircraft have center galleys.
- Appliances like ovens and water heaters have individual control panels and are accessed through removable panels.
This document provides an overview of aircraft landing gear systems. It describes three common types of landing gear: tricycle gear, taildragger gear, and ski gear. It then discusses key components of landing gear systems like nose wheel steering, shimmy damping systems, and safety systems. Nose wheel steering uses hydraulic power to turn the nose wheel. Shimmy damping systems like piston, vane, and steer types control unwanted vibration. Safety systems include mechanical downlocks, safety switches, and ground locks to prevent accidental gear retraction.
AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE BASIC FOR LOAD CONTROLjasmine jacob
The document discusses aircraft weight and balance requirements. It covers key topics such as:
1) Compliance with weight and balance limits is critical for flight safety, as exceeding maximum weight limits can compromise structural integrity and affect aircraft performance. Operating with the center of gravity outside approved limits can also cause control difficulties.
2) Proper load planning, distribution, and securing of cargo and baggage is required. Various aircraft compartments and structural loading limitations must be followed.
3) Dangerous goods and special items require special documentation and handling procedures. Records of weight and balance calculations must be retained for regulatory compliance.
This document provides an overview of the requirements for airfields to support low visibility operations including CAT II and CAT III approaches. It discusses runway characteristics such as width, slope, and markings. It also outlines the requirements for visual aids including lighting of runways, taxiways, approach lights, and signage. Finally, it addresses non-visual aids like ILS facilities and the protection of critical and sensitive areas, as well as obstacle clearance for ensuring safety during low visibility approaches and landings.
Ground handling involves servicing aircraft while on the ground at an airport terminal. It includes cabin cleaning, catering by unloading used and loading fresh food, ramp services like guiding aircraft into position and refueling, passenger services like check-in and boarding, and field operations like dispatching flights. A variety of equipment is used like tractors, stairs, carts, and trucks to provide power, transport passengers and supplies, and service lavatories and food. Efficient ground operations are important to decrease aircraft turnaround times and increase productivity.
The document discusses aircraft ground handling equipment used in maintenance activities. It describes the engineer's responsibility to properly maintain ground equipment according to manufacturer manuals, as required to issue a Certificate of Release to Service. Examples of routine maintenance for different ground equipment are provided, such as hydraulic component replacement and cable replacement. Failure to maintain ground equipment can pose safety hazards and has contributed to aircraft accidents.
Refueling and defueling aircraft requires specific procedures and safety precautions. There are two main types of aviation fuel - AVGAS for piston engines and AVTUR for turbine engines. Refueling can be done through an open orifice or pressure system. The refueling procedure involves bonding the fuel truck and nozzle, using a mat to protect the wing, and avoiding contact between the nozzle and tank bottom. Defueling uses suction pumps or gravity to drain tanks through valves or petcocks. Safety precautions mandate only trained personnel, fire extinguishers, correct fuel grades, bonding of all components, cleanup of spills, and avoidance of ignition sources during the process.
This document provides training material on helicopter structures for the Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology. It discusses the firewall and landing gear systems. The firewall functions to contain fires and protect the airframe and pipelines. Modern firewalls are made of titanium or composite honeycomb materials. Skid type landing gear is simpler but restricts aircraft movement compared to wheel type gear used on larger helicopters. The document describes constructing, installing, and maintaining firewalls and skid landing gear.
Airbus a319 a320 a321 aircraft operating manualsn7
This document provides an operations manual for the Airbus A319/320/321 aircraft, summarizing key performance, systems and operational limits. It includes information on weight and balance limits, fuel requirements, avionics and autopilot limits, engine and systems specifications, airspeed limitations for different configurations, and center of gravity envelopes. The manual is intended to provide pilots with essential reference information to safely operate the aircraft.
This document provides information and guidelines for ramp safety officers at Indonesia AirAsia. It defines key terms and abbreviations. It outlines the ramp structure and organization, as well as responsibilities of ramp safety officers. It describes important ramp activities like aircraft ground handling, use of ground support equipment, and ensuring safety during aircraft turnarounds in the 25 minute target timeframe. It also covers safety management, human factors, and regulations regarding dangerous goods transportation.
There are three main types of commercial aircraft: passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, and combi aircraft which carries both passengers and cargo. Commercial passenger aircraft contain amenities like restrooms, a galley for food preparation, and entertainment systems. They are divided into classes like first class, business class, and economy class. Cargo aircraft are freighters that carry only cargo, while combi aircraft split the aircraft in half with passengers in one side and cargo on the other. Aircraft are also classified based on features such as number of engines, range, and size/payload capacity.
This document outlines Rex's procedures for managing ground support equipment (GSE). It discusses duties and responsibilities, inspections, maintenance, and the GSE website and database used to track equipment. Key points include:
- The National Airports Manager and GSE Mechanics are responsible for GSE oversight and maintenance.
- Inspections of GSE are conducted weekly or monthly according to an item's risk level and logged on the GSE website.
- Routine maintenance of GSE is scheduled every 3, 6, or 12 months depending on the item.
- Electrical equipment is classified and tracked according to risk level, with more frequent inspections and testing required for high-risk items.
The document discusses flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders, also known as black boxes. It describes their history from being first developed in the 1950s to become mandatory equipment on commercial aircraft. It explains that flight data recorders track aircraft performance parameters while cockpit voice recorders record conversations. Modern recorders can store hours of data and audio using crash-resistant solid-state technology and underwater locator beacons help locate the recorders after accidents.
The document provides information on the pneumatic and bleed air systems of the Boeing 737 NG. It discusses how bleed air is supplied by the engines or APU to systems like air conditioning, anti-icing, and hydraulics. Key components discussed include the engine bleed valves, isolation valve, packs, and ram air system. The bleed air is regulated and cooled before being supplied to the air conditioning system to produce conditioned air for the aircraft.
The document provides information on anti-ice and rain protection systems for the Boeing 737 NG, including thermal anti-icing, electrical anti-icing, and windshield wipers. It describes the flight deck window heat, probe and sensor heat, engine anti-ice system, wing anti-ice system, ice detection system, and corresponding controls and indicators. The wing and engine anti-ice systems use bleed air to prevent ice buildup, while probes and sensors are heated electrically. Lights indicate system status and faults like overheat conditions.
The document discusses weight and balance concepts for aircraft. It covers structural weight limitations, performance effects of being overweight, and the importance of center of gravity position for stability and controllability. Calculating an aircraft's center of gravity involves determining the basic empty weight, empty moment, and empty center of gravity, then accounting for changes in weight and moment from passengers, baggage, and fuel. The center of gravity position must remain within specified limits for safe flight.
The document outlines the various types of documentation required for an aircraft maintenance program. It discusses preventative maintenance types including servicing, scheduled maintenance, condition-based maintenance, and out-of-phase maintenance. It also lists the regulatory, manufacturer's, airline generated, and ATA documentation standards that maintenance programs must adhere to. Key manufacturer's documentation includes the airplane maintenance manual, component maintenance manual, and illustrated parts catalog.
Procedure for Safe Ground Handling Practices - (Sample for Edition)Andrew Louis
This document outlines 14 guidelines for safe ground handling practices at ramps and lines. It covers topics like personnel protection, load handling, aircraft loading/unloading, ground equipment handling, fire protection, aircraft chocking, marker cone use, ground support equipment operations, hazards to passengers, aircraft parking safety, and vehicle operations. The guidelines are intended to reduce risks and ensure safety during all ground handling and servicing activities.
The document discusses aircraft performance certification and optimizing an aircraft's payload and range ability given physical and environmental limitations. It covers manufacturer's weight empty, operating empty weight, maximum zero fuel weight, maximum takeoff weight, and how payload and fuel affect an aircraft's range. Changing design aspects like maximum takeoff weight, zero fuel weight, and fuel capacity can impact the payload-range envelope.
Engineering Ramp Operation - PX Marshalling Procedure 2015Andrew Louis
1. The document outlines standard marshalling procedures and hand signals endorsed by Air Niugini for use by ramp operators to direct aircraft.
2. It provides descriptions and illustrations of standard signals for arrival, taxiing, stopping, engine controls and departure. Signals include uses of hands, wands or bats.
3. Recommendations are made that marshallers wear high visibility vests and use illuminated wands at night or low visibility to ensure signals are clearly visible to pilots.
Routine of helicopter maintenance activitiesBai Haqi
This document provides information on routine helicopter maintenance activities from the Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology. It discusses the different types of scheduled and unscheduled inspections, including pre-flight, turn-around, post-flight, minor and major inspections. The document outlines the manufacturer's maintenance program and provides examples of inspection procedures for specific helicopter models. It emphasizes the importance of safety precautions for maintenance personnel.
Alaska Airlines Airbus Study Presentation 2ShawnSmith231
The document provides information about various aircraft systems. It includes 186 slides with details about the Air Data and Inertial Reference System, ADIRS alignment procedures, emergency electrical configurations, oxygen systems, and engine fire detection and extinguishing. Key points covered are the three ADIRUs that supply data to flight instruments, procedures for ADIRS alignment, what is powered during RAT and battery power, and the components involved in detecting and extinguishing an engine fire.
- The document presents a seminar on aircraft cabin pressurization systems given by Mr. Shrinivas Kale.
- It includes sections on introduction, literature review, problem formulation, objectives, methodology, hypothesis, work plan and references.
- The literature review summarizes several papers on topics related to aircraft cabin pressurization, environmental control systems, and thermal comfort experiments.
This document discusses different types of aircraft toilet systems, including removable toilets, liquid flush toilets, and vacuum toilets. Removable toilets are the simplest type, found on small aircraft, and involve removing the entire toilet unit when full. Liquid flush toilets are more common, using a waste collection tank and disinfecting chemicals. Vacuum toilets are also dry systems that use suction pipes and a centralized waste tank. The document provides details on the components, operation, servicing, and ventilation of these various aircraft lavatory systems.
The document discusses aircraft dimensions and measurements for the Embraer 170 and 175 aircraft. It provides details on total length, height, wing span, wing and tail areas, fuselage diameter, and distances between components. Diagrams illustrate the measurements. The aircraft use a coordinate system to define stations along the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical axes from a point of origin at the front of the aircraft.
This document discusses the structural design of aircraft. It begins by describing the basic components of an aircraft structure, including wings, fuselage, tail, and control surfaces. It then discusses the functions of different structural elements like skin, spars, ribs, stringers, and frames. It provides details on fuselage types, wing structure, empennage, landing gear, and materials used in aircraft construction. It concludes with an explanation of the V-n diagram used for structural design and load factors specified by airworthiness authorities.
This document provides information about different types of data conversion techniques used in digital systems. It describes analog to digital converters (ADCs) such as digital ramp converters, successive approximation ADCs, flash ADCs, integrated dual slope converters and charge balancing converters. It also covers digital to analog converters (DACs) like op-amp summing DACs, precision level DACs, current DACs and R-2R ladder DACs. The key aspects, working principles, advantages and disadvantages of each converter type are discussed in detail.
The document discusses the passenger water supply system on aircraft. It describes how potable water is stored in tanks and distributed to galleys and lavatories. Water is pressurized, heated for hot water and cooled for drinking fountains. Strict health standards are followed when servicing the water system to prevent bacterial growth. The system is disinfected regularly according to maintenance procedures.
This document provides training material on helicopter structures for the Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology. It discusses the firewall and landing gear systems. The firewall functions to contain fires and protect the airframe and pipelines. Modern firewalls are made of titanium or composite honeycomb materials. Skid type landing gear is simpler but restricts aircraft movement compared to wheel type gear used on larger helicopters. The document describes constructing, installing, and maintaining firewalls and skid landing gear.
Airbus a319 a320 a321 aircraft operating manualsn7
This document provides an operations manual for the Airbus A319/320/321 aircraft, summarizing key performance, systems and operational limits. It includes information on weight and balance limits, fuel requirements, avionics and autopilot limits, engine and systems specifications, airspeed limitations for different configurations, and center of gravity envelopes. The manual is intended to provide pilots with essential reference information to safely operate the aircraft.
This document provides information and guidelines for ramp safety officers at Indonesia AirAsia. It defines key terms and abbreviations. It outlines the ramp structure and organization, as well as responsibilities of ramp safety officers. It describes important ramp activities like aircraft ground handling, use of ground support equipment, and ensuring safety during aircraft turnarounds in the 25 minute target timeframe. It also covers safety management, human factors, and regulations regarding dangerous goods transportation.
There are three main types of commercial aircraft: passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, and combi aircraft which carries both passengers and cargo. Commercial passenger aircraft contain amenities like restrooms, a galley for food preparation, and entertainment systems. They are divided into classes like first class, business class, and economy class. Cargo aircraft are freighters that carry only cargo, while combi aircraft split the aircraft in half with passengers in one side and cargo on the other. Aircraft are also classified based on features such as number of engines, range, and size/payload capacity.
This document outlines Rex's procedures for managing ground support equipment (GSE). It discusses duties and responsibilities, inspections, maintenance, and the GSE website and database used to track equipment. Key points include:
- The National Airports Manager and GSE Mechanics are responsible for GSE oversight and maintenance.
- Inspections of GSE are conducted weekly or monthly according to an item's risk level and logged on the GSE website.
- Routine maintenance of GSE is scheduled every 3, 6, or 12 months depending on the item.
- Electrical equipment is classified and tracked according to risk level, with more frequent inspections and testing required for high-risk items.
The document discusses flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders, also known as black boxes. It describes their history from being first developed in the 1950s to become mandatory equipment on commercial aircraft. It explains that flight data recorders track aircraft performance parameters while cockpit voice recorders record conversations. Modern recorders can store hours of data and audio using crash-resistant solid-state technology and underwater locator beacons help locate the recorders after accidents.
The document provides information on the pneumatic and bleed air systems of the Boeing 737 NG. It discusses how bleed air is supplied by the engines or APU to systems like air conditioning, anti-icing, and hydraulics. Key components discussed include the engine bleed valves, isolation valve, packs, and ram air system. The bleed air is regulated and cooled before being supplied to the air conditioning system to produce conditioned air for the aircraft.
The document provides information on anti-ice and rain protection systems for the Boeing 737 NG, including thermal anti-icing, electrical anti-icing, and windshield wipers. It describes the flight deck window heat, probe and sensor heat, engine anti-ice system, wing anti-ice system, ice detection system, and corresponding controls and indicators. The wing and engine anti-ice systems use bleed air to prevent ice buildup, while probes and sensors are heated electrically. Lights indicate system status and faults like overheat conditions.
The document discusses weight and balance concepts for aircraft. It covers structural weight limitations, performance effects of being overweight, and the importance of center of gravity position for stability and controllability. Calculating an aircraft's center of gravity involves determining the basic empty weight, empty moment, and empty center of gravity, then accounting for changes in weight and moment from passengers, baggage, and fuel. The center of gravity position must remain within specified limits for safe flight.
The document outlines the various types of documentation required for an aircraft maintenance program. It discusses preventative maintenance types including servicing, scheduled maintenance, condition-based maintenance, and out-of-phase maintenance. It also lists the regulatory, manufacturer's, airline generated, and ATA documentation standards that maintenance programs must adhere to. Key manufacturer's documentation includes the airplane maintenance manual, component maintenance manual, and illustrated parts catalog.
Procedure for Safe Ground Handling Practices - (Sample for Edition)Andrew Louis
This document outlines 14 guidelines for safe ground handling practices at ramps and lines. It covers topics like personnel protection, load handling, aircraft loading/unloading, ground equipment handling, fire protection, aircraft chocking, marker cone use, ground support equipment operations, hazards to passengers, aircraft parking safety, and vehicle operations. The guidelines are intended to reduce risks and ensure safety during all ground handling and servicing activities.
The document discusses aircraft performance certification and optimizing an aircraft's payload and range ability given physical and environmental limitations. It covers manufacturer's weight empty, operating empty weight, maximum zero fuel weight, maximum takeoff weight, and how payload and fuel affect an aircraft's range. Changing design aspects like maximum takeoff weight, zero fuel weight, and fuel capacity can impact the payload-range envelope.
Engineering Ramp Operation - PX Marshalling Procedure 2015Andrew Louis
1. The document outlines standard marshalling procedures and hand signals endorsed by Air Niugini for use by ramp operators to direct aircraft.
2. It provides descriptions and illustrations of standard signals for arrival, taxiing, stopping, engine controls and departure. Signals include uses of hands, wands or bats.
3. Recommendations are made that marshallers wear high visibility vests and use illuminated wands at night or low visibility to ensure signals are clearly visible to pilots.
Routine of helicopter maintenance activitiesBai Haqi
This document provides information on routine helicopter maintenance activities from the Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology. It discusses the different types of scheduled and unscheduled inspections, including pre-flight, turn-around, post-flight, minor and major inspections. The document outlines the manufacturer's maintenance program and provides examples of inspection procedures for specific helicopter models. It emphasizes the importance of safety precautions for maintenance personnel.
Alaska Airlines Airbus Study Presentation 2ShawnSmith231
The document provides information about various aircraft systems. It includes 186 slides with details about the Air Data and Inertial Reference System, ADIRS alignment procedures, emergency electrical configurations, oxygen systems, and engine fire detection and extinguishing. Key points covered are the three ADIRUs that supply data to flight instruments, procedures for ADIRS alignment, what is powered during RAT and battery power, and the components involved in detecting and extinguishing an engine fire.
- The document presents a seminar on aircraft cabin pressurization systems given by Mr. Shrinivas Kale.
- It includes sections on introduction, literature review, problem formulation, objectives, methodology, hypothesis, work plan and references.
- The literature review summarizes several papers on topics related to aircraft cabin pressurization, environmental control systems, and thermal comfort experiments.
This document discusses different types of aircraft toilet systems, including removable toilets, liquid flush toilets, and vacuum toilets. Removable toilets are the simplest type, found on small aircraft, and involve removing the entire toilet unit when full. Liquid flush toilets are more common, using a waste collection tank and disinfecting chemicals. Vacuum toilets are also dry systems that use suction pipes and a centralized waste tank. The document provides details on the components, operation, servicing, and ventilation of these various aircraft lavatory systems.
The document discusses aircraft dimensions and measurements for the Embraer 170 and 175 aircraft. It provides details on total length, height, wing span, wing and tail areas, fuselage diameter, and distances between components. Diagrams illustrate the measurements. The aircraft use a coordinate system to define stations along the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical axes from a point of origin at the front of the aircraft.
This document discusses the structural design of aircraft. It begins by describing the basic components of an aircraft structure, including wings, fuselage, tail, and control surfaces. It then discusses the functions of different structural elements like skin, spars, ribs, stringers, and frames. It provides details on fuselage types, wing structure, empennage, landing gear, and materials used in aircraft construction. It concludes with an explanation of the V-n diagram used for structural design and load factors specified by airworthiness authorities.
This document provides information about different types of data conversion techniques used in digital systems. It describes analog to digital converters (ADCs) such as digital ramp converters, successive approximation ADCs, flash ADCs, integrated dual slope converters and charge balancing converters. It also covers digital to analog converters (DACs) like op-amp summing DACs, precision level DACs, current DACs and R-2R ladder DACs. The key aspects, working principles, advantages and disadvantages of each converter type are discussed in detail.
The document discusses the passenger water supply system on aircraft. It describes how potable water is stored in tanks and distributed to galleys and lavatories. Water is pressurized, heated for hot water and cooled for drinking fountains. Strict health standards are followed when servicing the water system to prevent bacterial growth. The system is disinfected regularly according to maintenance procedures.
This document discusses logic circuits and their application in aircraft systems. It introduces common logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates. Their truth tables, symbol representations and equivalent circuits are defined. The document then discusses Boolean algebra and theorems. It provides examples of logic gate applications to aircraft systems for take-off configuration warning. It includes tutorial questions asking the reader to analyze logic gate arrangements and derive their Boolean expressions.
Topic 5 Digital Technique basic computer structureBai Haqi
This document provides an overview of basic computer structure and components. It discusses:
1. The main components of a computer including the CPU, memory, interface, and input/output.
2. Types of memory including ROM, RAM, static RAM, and dynamic RAM.
3. The operation of the bus system which connects the central components.
4. Single and multi-address instruction words.
5. Applications of computers in aircraft systems such as the flight management computer.
This document provides information on safety equipment requirements and pre-flight check procedures for different types of aircraft. It details the number of fire extinguishers, protective breathing equipment, torches, oxygen masks, first aid kits, life jackets, megaphones and other emergency gear required on Boeing 737-400 and 737-800 aircraft. Instructions are given on how to correctly complete a pre-flight safety equipment checklist, including placing a tick or cross to indicate items that are satisfactory or unsatisfactory along with explaining any findings.
This document provides an overview of reciprocating engine fuel metering systems. It discusses the properties of reciprocating engine fuels and color coding used to identify different types of aviation fuel. It also describes the operation and components of typical gravity-fed and pressure-fed fuel systems, including fuel tanks, lines, valves, filters, gauges, pumps and primers. The key requirements for fuel systems are outlined, noting they must supply the proper amount of fuel to the engine under all operating conditions.
The document discusses reciprocating engine ignition systems. It describes that ignition takes place during the compression stroke in a four-stroke cycle engine. The engine ignition system must reliably deliver a high-voltage spark to each cylinder at the correct time under all operating conditions. Common ignition systems are battery ignition systems which use a battery as an energy source, and magneto ignition systems which use a permanent magnet to generate an alternating current. Battery ignition systems include components like an ignition coil and distributor to generate and distribute the spark. Magneto systems can be high-tension or low-tension, with low-tension systems adding transformers to overcome flashover problems at high altitudes.
Topic 1 Digital Technique Numbering systemBai Haqi
This document discusses different numbering systems used in digital electronics and computing including binary, decimal, octal, hexadecimal, and BCD. It provides examples of converting between these systems and identifies their applications. The key points covered are binary, octal and hexadecimal representations; conversion between decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal; one's and two's complements; and BCD representation. Tutorial problems are also included for practice converting between these different numbering systems.
This is a presentation I put together to illustrate the policies and procedures one should complete in order to make a successful flight from a cabin perspective.
This document provides information on flip-flops, including their terminology, types of flip-flops, and their circuit symbols, truth tables, and operations. It discusses NAND and NOR SR flip-flops, clocked SR flip-flops, JK flip-flops, D flip-flops, D latches, T flip-flops, and factors that affect flip-flop reliability such as setup time, hold time, and propagation delay. Asynchronous inputs are also covered, which can override other inputs to set or clear a flip-flop.
This document provides instruction on helicopter ground handling, mooring, and jacking procedures for training at the Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology. It discusses mooring helicopters to face the wind and retracting wheels when stationary. Jacking procedures are outlined, including using multiple personnel at designated jacking points and evenly distributing weight. Safety precautions for mooring, towing, and jacking helicopters are emphasized.
This document provides information on fiber optic communication systems. It discusses the structure of optical fibers, how total internal reflection works, different fiber types and modes. It also covers fiber optic data transmission, terminology, components of communication systems, advantages and disadvantages, maintenance procedures like splicing and termination. Different network topologies like bus, star and ring are explained. The document concludes with applications of fiber optics in aircraft systems.
Here are the key steps to check and use an ELT/Radio Beacon in an emergency:
- Check that it is securely mounted and straps are intact
- Confirm plastic cover is on and batteries are secured
- Verify power switch is in "off" position
- Remove from mounting and take with you during evacuation
- Pull lanyard to remove plastic cover and activate beacon
- Erect antenna to vertical position
- Beacon will now automatically transmit distress signal to help rescuers locate the aircraft
The ELT/Radio Beacon is critical equipment that should be removed and activated as soon as possible after a ditching or crash to alert rescue teams to the aircraft's location.
Inspection requirements for helicopter after incidents 2Bai Haqi
This document discusses inspection requirements for helicopters after incidents. It describes checking rotor blades and rotor heads if rotor overspeeding occurs below specified limits, and removing the main and tail rotor heads for overhaul if limits are exceeded. It also outlines inspecting gearboxes, engines, fuel tanks and filters for metal contamination or corrosion after gearbox/engine oil or fuel contamination incidents. The goal is to examine components for damage, remove contamination and corrosion, and replace parts if necessary to return the helicopter to an airworthy condition.
This document provides guidelines for properly storing various helicopter components. It discusses the importance of storing components in clean, dry environments with controlled temperature and humidity. Specific storage procedures and materials are outlined for different component types, such as metals, rubber, and instruments. Proper storage is crucial to prevent damage and corrosion and ensure components function properly.
This document provides information about emergency and safety equipment installed on helicopters. It discusses life jackets, liferafts, first aid kits, fire extinguishers, and helicopter floatation systems. The document describes the components, functions, and maintenance requirements of these items to ensure they are operational in emergency situations.
The document discusses the principles and operation of VOR (VHF Omni-directional Range) navigation. It explains that VOR stations transmit radio signals that allow aircraft receivers to determine their bearing from the station and navigate radials. The station transmits both a rotating signal and fixed reference signal, and the receiver compares the phase difference to calculate the radial. It provides details on how VOR radials are displayed on charts and how pilots can navigate to or from a station based on the radial indication.
inspections followings major maintenance activities and major components chan...Bai Haqi
This document discusses inspection requirements for helicopters after major maintenance activities or component replacements. It focuses on inspections needed after replacing structural parts, flying controls, transmission equipment, and hydraulic components. Strict adherence to manufacturer instructions is important for safety. Replacements may require functional checks, equipment inspections, vibration checks, or flight tests to ensure proper operation and integrity.
The document provides an overview of AmSafe Airbag Systems, which designs, certifies, and manufactures airbags specifically for aviation. Key points:
- AmSafe is the industry leader, with airbags in service since 2001 on over 80 airlines.
- The modular airbag system consists of an airbag, inflator, electronics, and interfaces without connecting to other aircraft systems.
- Regulations require aircraft certified after 1988 to meet improved crashworthiness standards like withstanding 16Gs, and AmSafe airbags help meet this.
- AmSafe has customized airbag installations for various aircraft to protect occupants from interior hazards during crashes. Case studies show airbags having saved lives in past accidents.
This document discusses aircraft escape slides. It begins by listing 5 student names and IDs. It then provides background on escape slides, stating that they are inflatable slides used to evacuate aircraft quickly and are packed within the door structure. The objectives are to understand how escape slides are made and maintained to meet regulations. It details the invention of the first escape slide, the materials they are made of, how the inflation system works, inadvertent deployment prevention methods, and maintenance processes like testing and overhauling.
Vehicle Body Engineering Body & Safety ConsiderationsRajat Seth
The document discusses vehicle body engineering and safety considerations. It outlines that vehicle design should maximize safety for drivers, passengers, and others on the road. Safety features can be grouped as the vehicle body structure, additional safety systems, and general recommendations. The body structure section discusses door systems, windows, bumpers, seats, mirrors, and ventilation. Additional systems include ABS, seatbelts, airbags, flashers/horns, and child safety precautions. General recommendations promote secure items, seats/belts, clear controls, first aid kits, and sober driving.
Emergency and role equipment of HelicopterBai Haqi
This document provides information about emergency and role equipment fitted to helicopters, including emergency locator transmitters (ELTs), search lights, rescue hoists, cargo hooks, and infrared cameras. It describes the purpose and function of each piece of equipment, as well as maintenance requirements. The key points covered are that ELTs transmit distress signals from crashed aircraft, search lights are used for night operations, hoists rescue people in emergencies, cargo hooks carry external loads, and infrared cameras detect heat signatures. Proper maintenance following manufacturers' manuals is important to ensure this equipment functions correctly when needed.
1. Air suspension uses pressurized air in rubber bellows to provide cushioning and ride quality on trains, replacing steel coil springs.
2. It provides better riding comfort and can sustain higher loads than traditional steel coil springs.
3. The key components of an air suspension system include air springs, leveling valves, reservoirs, and isolating cocks to control the flow of compressed air.
This document provides information to firefighters on responding to aircraft incidents at airports. It discusses airport communications procedures, runway and taxiway layout, fire apparatus specifications, aircraft safety zones, shutdown procedures for different aircraft types, victim removal techniques, and firefighting tactics for various aircraft fire scenarios. Positioning fire units for rescue and fire attack is addressed, along with the uses of water, foam, and dry chemical fire extinguishing agents.
Jerazen Mondejar is seeking a responsible position utilizing his experience maintaining aircraft interiors and components. He has over 20 years of experience performing maintenance, repairs, inspections and troubleshooting on various aircraft models. His qualifications include extensive experience maintaining aircraft seating, interiors, and components.
Towing of aircraft involves moving aircraft without engine power by pushing or using a tow bar and tractor. It is used to park aircraft and move them to flight lines. Precautions must be taken to safely tow aircraft, including having qualified personnel in the cockpit to operate brakes if needed. Tow bars of sufficient strength are attached to the nose wheel or tail wheel and the aircraft is walked at slow speeds with wing and tail walkers providing clearance. Proper procedures are followed for attaching tow bars, assigning personnel, and parking aircraft to ensure safety.
Jerazen Mondejar is seeking a responsible position utilizing his experience maintaining aircraft interiors and components. He has over 20 years of experience performing maintenance, repairs, inspections and troubleshooting on a wide range of commercial aircraft. His qualifications include extensive experience maintaining aircraft seating, galleys, lavatories and other interior furnishings.
Jerazen Mondejar is seeking a responsible position utilizing his experience maintaining aircraft interiors and components. He has over 20 years of experience performing maintenance, repairs, inspections and troubleshooting on a wide range of commercial aircraft. His qualifications include extensive experience maintaining aircraft seating, galleys, lavatories and other interior furnishings.
Inspection requirements for helicopter after incidents 1Bai Haqi
The document discusses inspection requirements for helicopters after various incidents such as hard landings, main and tail rotor strikes, transmission over-torque, and sudden main rotor stoppage. It provides details on specific areas to inspect, such as the landing gear, fuselage, engine, rotor blades, and transmission. Inspections include checking for cracks, distortions, leaks, and security of components. The level of inspection varies depending on the severity of the incident and component damage.
Jerazen Mondejar is seeking a responsible position utilizing his experience maintaining aircraft. He has extensive experience maintaining many aircraft models, including testing engines to ensure proper functioning. His qualifications include experience repairing, inspecting, troubleshooting, and servicing various aircraft and engine parts. He is licensed to operate various aircraft ground equipment.
This document outlines the course details and topics for a 18-week rotorcraft systems, maintenance, and role equipment class at the Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology. The course will cover 10 topics related to helicopter structure and maintenance, and will evaluate students based on assignments, quizzes, and a final exam. Students who miss more than 10% of classes will be barred from the final exam. The document then provides details on helicopter structural design, including tubular, stressed skin, and bonded construction methods, as well as the stresses and loads placed on helicopter structures.
The document discusses safe and unsafe methods for handling fiber optic splice cases (FOSCs) and amplifiers when working on overhead utility poles. It describes the TechMate tool, which allows technicians to safely lift and lower equipment from the ground, eliminating many ladder-related safety risks like falls, strains and injuries. Statistics on common ladder-related injuries that cause lost time and revenues are provided to emphasize the safety advantages of the TechMate.
The SAFE-COM aircraft seat modifies existing seats to enhance passenger safety and comfort. It includes sensors to detect whether seat belts are fastened, seats are upright, armrests are lowered, and tray tables are closed. An adjustable leg rest provides comfort for senior passengers and those with medical conditions. Market research found many senior passengers experience leg pain on flights and flight attendants spend significant time checking safety compliance manually. The SAFE-COM seat addresses these issues with sensors connected to a control console that can remotely detect safety violations and an adjustable leg rest for comfort. This allows for improved safety compliance and reduced crew workload while increasing passenger comfort.
Jay Malviya thanks the Frankfinn institute and his instructor Srishti Agrawal for giving him the opportunity to learn about the different parts of an aircraft. The document then lists and briefly describes some of the major interior and exterior parts of an aircraft, including the cockpit, cargo area, slide raft, passenger service unit, jump seats, and their basic functions.
1. The document provides safety instructions for installing, operating, and maintaining bucket elevators and conveyors, noting it is the responsibility of various parties to ensure compliance with relevant safety standards and laws.
2. It lists 14 minimum provisions for safe installation and operation, including locking out power before any maintenance or clearing of jams, and not walking on covers or placing body parts in the conveyor.
3. It emphasizes the importance of locking out power as the only real protection against injury, and warns that secondary safety devices should not replace locking out power when removing guards or covers.
The document provides information about an aviation assignment project. It thanks the aviation faculty and institute for their support and guidance during the project. It then covers several topics related to the current affairs and scenario of the aviation industry, including details about airports, airlines, and growth trends. It also describes various exterior and interior parts of aircraft like the cockpit, fuselage, wings, and emergency equipment. Finally, it provides specifications for two popular aircraft models, the Boeing 737 and Airbus A380.
The document provides safety precautions and instructions for working on airbag systems. It describes storing removed airbags properly to prevent damage, carefully inspecting parts before installation, and turning off the ignition and disconnecting the battery before working to prevent accidental deployment. It also lists special service tools needed for tasks like deploying airbags and checking wiring harnesses.
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This document discusses data buses used in aircraft systems. It focuses on ARINC specifications for digital data transfer between avionics components. ARINC 429 defines how avionic equipment communicates through a point-to-point data bus using a 32-bit word format. The format includes fields for labels, source/destination identification, data, status information, and parity. ARINC 629 is a newer bidirectional standard used in Boeing 777 that allows periodic or aperiodic transmission at 2 Mbps.
The document discusses aircraft landing gear, including:
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The document discusses helicopter ground handling and marshalling signals. It provides learning objectives about gaining knowledge of internationally recognized helicopter marshalling signals and safety precautions for ground handling activities. It then defines ground handling, introduces marshalling and the roles of marshallers. The majority of the document details standard marshalling hand signals for helicopter operations on the ground to communicate with pilots. These signals include directions for taxiing, turns and stopping.
The concept and principles of helicopter maintenanceBai Haqi
This document provides an overview of helicopter maintenance concepts and principles. It defines the three main maintenance processes as hard time, on condition, and condition monitoring. Hard time involves scheduled overhauls at fixed time intervals, on condition involves inspections or tests to standards to determine if components can continue in service, and condition monitoring involves analyzing operational data to detect trends and implement corrective actions. The document also discusses maintenance programs, the Maintenance Review Board process, and benefits of the MSG-3 approach to scheduled maintenance.
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Cabin Interior And Ice and Rain System
1. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
AIRCARFT
CABIN INTERIOR AND
ICE & RAIN SYSTEM
ATA25-Equipment and Furnishing
ATA38-Water and Waste System
ATA30-Ice and Rain System
.
7. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
- Design aspect - comfort, safety.
Comfort – environmental
- Temperature about 20 degree C
- air change 12.5 times per hrs for a/c;
- house/room 2.5 times per hr. ,
- press. ascending rate max. 0.26psi/minute or
500feet. ,
- descending max. 0.16psi/minute or 300ft.
Safety – Seat, Equipment , Systems.
CABIN INTERIOR
9. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
PURPOSE
provide safety and comfort for:
- captain, first officer and observers.
Includes these items:
* Panels
* Emergency equipment
* Stowage provisions
* Other equipment.
FLIGHT COMPARTMENT EQUIPMENT
10. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Flight compartment equipment/furnishings items:
- Flight crew seats - Drip pan
- Crash pad - Glare-shield
- Furnishings at each crew station
- Instrument panels
- Circuit breaker panels
- Linings
- Insulation
- Emergency equipment
- -Miscellaneous equipment.
FLIGHT COMPARTMENT EQUIPMENT
11. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
FLIGHT COMPARTMENT
MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT/FURNISHINGS
* Map light * Interphone jacks
* Observation hole * Checklist holder
* 115v ac outlet * 28v dc outlet
* Mirror
* Radio station license holder
* Certificate holder.
12. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
FLIGHT COMPARTMENT
Emergency equipment:
* Flight crew oxygen
* Escape lanyard
* Crash axe
* Smoke goggles
* Life vest
* Fire extinguisher
* Protective breathing equipment
* Flight crew oxygen
22. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
FLIGHT COMPARTMEN
- CAPTAIN/FIRST OFFICER SEATS
- captain or first officer seat operate the same.
- base has controls and mechanisms for
seat fore/aft position
- A five-point harness has an inertia reel style of
belt and has the option to lock the inertia reel in
position.
24. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• - ANO (Scale B) = (C.A.R.Malaysia) states that
• a safety belt/harness is required for all crew.
SEAT BELTS
25. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
CREW SEAT HARNESSES
- vary in design but must conform to CAA/EASA
regulations to restrain the pilot in all foreseeable
emergency situations.
• -The harness consists of:
• # a shoulder harness assembly,
• # right and left hand abdominal belts,
• # centre strap, release buckle, a harness reel and an
operator unit assembly.
• - The straps are made of nylon webbing.
SEAT BELTS
28. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Flight Deck Seats
• Equipment includes:
* Lateral and vertical seat adjustment.
* Adjustable lumber support thigh pads.
Arm rests that can be stowed out of the way for access
and emergencies.
Seat cushions and covers that meet fire safety tests and
regulations defined in A N and do not impede flying
control movement.
* Electrically powered adjustments, most older types of
aircraft seat adjustment is manual.
32. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Four bogie units hold the base to seat tracks.
Rollers in each bogie unit.
A spring-loaded track lock mechanism.
The aft end of each seat track curves outboard
allows the seats to move outboard in the last five
inches of travel.
Flight Deck Seats
33. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
SEAT RECLINE
• Using the seatback recline control lever then push
aft on the seat back.
ARMREST HEIGHT AND STOWAGE
• knobs are under the forward end of the armrests.
• Turn the knob to move the armrest up or down.
When the armrest is up as far as it will go, you can
push it in toward the center of the seat.
34. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
BACK CUSHION (LUMBAR SUPPORT)
POSITION
• The hand wheel on the left side controls the
up/down movement, the right hand wheel ,
control the position of the back cushion
in/out movement.
35. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
SEAT MAINTENANCE
• Flexible hook and loop fastener tape secures the seat
covers to the seat.
• Do operational checks with a person in the
seat 77kg(170 pounds minimum weight).
• To remove the flight crew seats, remove stops on
the inboard seat tracks and slide the seats
forward off the track.
36. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Maintenance
Belts.
- Check for security, wear, damage and correct
operation of quick release mechanism.
- Sit in the seat, strap yourself in and lean forward
the release mechanism should release
without too much force.
- Inertia reel type belts check the inertia reel
by giving the belt a quick tug and it should lock.
37. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Maintenance
Belts.
- Check the operation of any manual locking
and any ratchet mechanism.
- Check belt webbing for fraying-include all the
webbing down to the inertia reel unit.
Initial reel assembly.
- Check for security, damage and correct operation.
38. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Maintenance
• Seat Structure.
- Check for damage, corrosion and security.
- Check seat security to the floor. If the seat slides in
floor runners check these for damage, corrosion, wear
and cleanliness.
- Check all seat adjustments for full and free range of
adjustment and check that in each position it locks
securely in place.
39. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Maintenance
Seat electrics - electrically adjustable check :
# adjustments work correctly.
# motors and cables for security, damage,
signs of overheating and contamination.
Cushions - Check for :
# damage, cleanliness, security and check that
they are dry.
# with the seat in the forward most position,
that the cushions do not foul the controls.
40. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Purpose
• supply crew stations for extra crew
members.
First Observer Seat
• Consists of these parts:
* Seat back * Safety harness
* Seat bottom cushion
* Retractable pins * Metal frame * Hinge.
Observer Seats
43. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
First Observer Seat
• Foldable type with metal frame holds the seat
bottom cushion, two retractable pins on the left
side of the seat bottom to secure the seat to the
adjacent wall when in use.
• Seat automatic spring up to stowage when not in
used.
• seat bottom cushion is a buoyant material and is
an approved flotation device.
• seat has a shoulder harness, crotch strap, and
lap belt.
45. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
LINING
Purpose
• cover the interior structure of the flight compartment
and provide an attractive, smooth, easy-to-clean
surface.
Physical Description
• are crushed-core composite panels with a decorative
stain-resistant covering.
• Quick-release fasteners or screws attach the linings to
the flight compartment walls and ceiling.
Location
• cover wall and ceiling except these areas:
* Instrument panels * Circuit breaker panels
* Flight compartment bulkhead.
46. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
INSULATION AND DRIP PAN
Purpose
• Reduces sound and heat transfer through the flight
compartment walls.
• Drip pan removes condensate from the flight
compartment ceilings, protects electrical equipment
from water damage.
Physical Description
• insulation blanket consists of fiberglass batts
cemented between trim fabric and backing fabric.
• are sewn and sealed with cement to keep out
moisture and oil.
47. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
DRIP PAN
# is a plastic pan with insulation blankets.
# mounts to the structure above the overhead
instrument panel to insulate the area and
make sure there is proper drainage.
# Condensation collects on the outboard side
of the drip pan and drains through
tubing into the airplane drain system.
49. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
PASSENGER COMPARTMENT EQUIPMENT
Cabin Attendant Stations
Attendant Service Units (ASU)
Passenger Service Units (PSU)
Passenger Seat
Seat Belt
In Flight Entertainment (IFE)
Other
50. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
PASSENGER COMPARTMENT
Purpose
• - Provide comfort, convenience, and safety of
the passengers and cabin attendants.
51. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Purpose
-Provides a workstation and seats for the cabin attendants.
Physical Description/Location
-Near the forward entry door.
- has accommodations for two attendants and includes these
items:
Double seats
- - Stowage provisions - Attendant handset
- - Attendant panel - Boarding light
• - Service unit
CABIN ATTENDANT STATION
52. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
- located near the main aircraft exits
-(by regulation the seated attendant must be
able to see the passengers for which he/she
is responsible and must face forwards or
backwards)
- and will fold up out of the way automatically
as soon as the person gets up.
- capable of withstanding the normal static
loads plus the acceleration
- (positive and negative) forces.
CABIN ATTENDANT STATION
55. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• - Compartments below the seat bottom provide
stowage for life vests and flashlights.
• - attendant handset is between the headrests.
• - attendant panel is above the headrests.
• - A boarding light is above each entry door.
• - An attendant service unit is in the ceiling above
the cabin attendant station consists of:
- Oxygen mask (2)
- Oxygen generator
- Door latch actuator
- Test stop button.
CABIN ATTENDANT STATION
56. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• - is spring-loaded to stowed position.
• - cushions attach to the seat assembly with
• hook-and loop tape.
• - cushions are removable for use as flotation
• devices when necessary.
• - Each seat has a shoulder harness and seat belt
• restraint system.
• - seat cushion, backrest, and headrest assemblies
have fire retardant material.
CABIN ATTENDANT SEAT
58. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
- Locked into the seat track in a similar way to
passenger seats.
- Under the seat is used for stowage of
emergency life jacket.
- Inspection of seats follows a similar pattern
to other seats. Additional test is to check that the
seat pan folds correctly and unaided.
(normally sprung loaded).
• - If the seat pan remain down it cause an obstruction
to an emergency exit.
FLOOR MOUNTED ATTENDANT SEAT
60. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
- Contain the following equipment:
- Fresh air supply (gasper air)
- passenger louvers.
- Oxygen supply line and mask for passenger during
emergency.
- Oxygen masks fall out automatically
if cabin altitude rises above10,000ft.
- Reading lights etc.
PASSENGER SERVICE UNITS
61. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
- Attendant call light.
- Lights when the attendant call button is
pressed on the seat arm.
- Also lights a lamp at the attendant's position.
- also be connected to the In-flight
Entertainment System so that on TEST MODE it
will light if the seat is receiving the audio
signal.
-When IFE TEST is pressed all attendant lamps
should light.
- Speakers.
- Information signs (toilet engaged, fasten seat
belts etc.)
PASSENGER SERVICE UNITS
63. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Minimum Seat Pitch
• CAP747 -require the minimum distance between the
seat cushion and any other seat back or fixed
structure is 26” (66cm) dimension “A”. (next slide)
• - Dimension B must be a minimum of 7” (18cm)
• distance the passengers leg has to move from
• thigh support to seat back.
• - vertical separation between seats must
• not less than 3” (7.5cm) includes the seat
• in the reclined position.
PASSENGER SEAT
64. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Minimum Seat Pitch
# Emergency exits (over-wing small and slightly
larger exits) the clearance has to be increased,
vertical separation between seats at these locations
must not reduce below 10” (25.5cm).
# To prevent head injury of passengers as they
impact their head on the seat in front under heavy
braking the row of seat after emergency exits must
be able to break forward.
PASSENGER SEAT
66. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• - Over-wing emergency exit points, in emergency,
people will climb over the seats to get out and if
seats were to fold a crush would hamper the
evacuation, so these seat backs will not fold
forward.
• - CS25 specifies aisle width which will depend on
seat numbers. Maximum numbers of seats
abreast in a single aisle aircraft is 3.
PASSENGER SEAT
67. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• The minimum number and size is specified in
CS25 and are related to the seating capacity of
the aircraft:
Passenger seats Number
1 to 19 1
20 to 79 2
80 to 139 3
140 to 179 4
Cabin Emergency Exits
68. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
BUSINESS CLASS / FIRST CLASS SEAT
PASSENGER SEAT - EQUIPMENTS
76. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• - clamped to the floor seat tracks
a hollow extrusion with a series of
holes in it at 1” (25mm) pitch.
• - seat locating lugs are placed in
through the holes in the track
then moved 1/2” (12.5mm)
forward to allow the feet of the lug
to lock into place.
• - A locking tab prevents the seat
from moving forwards or
backwards once locked.
SEAT INSTALLATION and REMOVAL
78. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Fitted equipment vary considerable, some equipment
is mandatory.
- Seat belts - requirement for all seats, to be a
minimum of a lap strap but can be a lap and
shoulder strap or a full harness on some seats.
- Cushions covered with fire resistant material.
- Centre head rest - may be adjustable.
- Side head rests - may be adjustable.
PASSENGER SEAT - EQUIPMENTS
79. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• Floor and passenger seat
- Minimum strength defined in FAR Part25
( a/c heavier than 5.700kg)
• upwards 2.0g
• forward 9.0g
• sideward 1.5g
• downwards4.5g
• test references a/c manual
• hand luggage under seat a barrier installed
79
80. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Fitted equipment vary considerable, some equipment
is mandatory.
- In Flight Entertainment Equipment (IFE) and
reading lights.
- Games control unit - connected to the seat by a
cable.
- Telephone - may be part of the games control unit.
- A method of gaining the crew attention without
leaving the seat.
- Folding trays - in the back of the seat or in
the arm-rest.
PASSENGER SEAT - EQUIPMENTS
81. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
- Adjustable reclining backs - in general main cabin
seats will only recline a little way whilst business
class will recline almost to a recumbent position and
first class will go all the way to make a bed.
- Arm rests may fold up out of the way on main
cabin-sets.
- Adjustable leg supports/foot supports.
- Life jacket.
- Document pocket - containing the mandatory
safety notice/s.
.
PASSENGER SEAT - EQUIPMENTS
82. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
- Floor path lighting.
# Some seats have emergency lights fitted low to
the floor illuminating emergency escape routes.
- if floor path lighting is fitted on the seat it should
be on area 4 feet below.
PASSENGER SEAT - EQUIPMENTS
83. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
-Ashtray. Mandatory that it has a lid.
-Electrically powered adjustments for tilt,
recline, leg support etc. Manual seats are
manually adjusted.
-Folding drinks tray.
-Floor level luggage rail - fitted near to floor
level to prevent any luggage under the seat
moving forward in severe braking
conditions.
-Power supply for a laptop computer
PASSENGER SEAT
84. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• - Long distance aircraft meeting current EASA fire
and safety regulations.
• - Fire regulations are the same as seats and class B
and E cargo compartments.
• - A test flame is applied for a period of time and
when removed the flame on the test material should
go out after 15 seconds. For seats etc. three test
samples should be used.
• - Berths contained in a small „bedroom‟ on the
aircraft, one for flight crew, behind the flight deck ,
one for cabin staff, at the rear of larger aircraft above
the cabin ceiling.
BERTHS
85. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Classes of cargo compartment
Class B
compartment where there is sufficient access to allow
the use of a fire extinguisher in any part of the compartment,
without allowing smoke, flames to enter a crew or passenger
compartment.
- A smoke or flame detector is fitted to warn the flight crew.
Class E
- A compartment provided on aircraft used only to carry cargo.
Hazardous quantities of smoke, flames are prevented from
entering a crew or passenger compartment.
A smoke or fire detector system is fitted to warn the flight crew
87. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• -Seat belts (and seats and berths) have to comply
with the strength requirements (ANO and CS-25/23)
of holding a person of l70lbs (77.1kg) safely in
various directions of aircraft movement with a
safety factor of 1.33, example, capable of holding a
l70lb (77kg) person at a 9g forward acceleration of
the body (as would happen in a crash landing)
• - Front row seats 16g as are all new aircraft.
SEAT BELTS
88. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• - ANO (Scale B)= C.A.R.Malaysia states that
• a safety belt/harness is required for all crew and
passenger seats and special child restraints
for each child under 2 years of age.
SEAT BELTS
89. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• - release buckle is a cylindrical housing in which the
plug-in fittings of the other straps are inserted and
automatically secured.
• -belt mechanism allow pilot to move forward
• - inertial reel assemblies the pilot is allowed to move
forward without the need to operate a lever.
• - inertial reel will lock (depending on type) when either
the aircraft slows down too quickly or the pilot
accelerates forward too quickly.
• (tested by pulling the shoulder straps forward sharply
and the belt should lock).
SEAT BELTS
90. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
PASSENGER SEAT BELT
• - Consists of two lap straps (but may have other straps
also) with metal snap hooks fitted to one end of each
to attach to the seat structure.
• - At the other end of one is a quick release mechanism
and the other one has a snap-in fitting.
• - One of the straps is adjustable for length.
• - Made of nylon webbing, quick release connection at
the seat end of the belt - which should be inspected for
correct engagement and locking.
SEAT BELTS
92. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• -Check webbing is intact, no stitching has come lose.
• - Lose stitching may be re-stitched at user unit level,
check the entire length of the webbing that runs over
the back roller on the seat, on inertia reel type belts.
• -If any member of a belt is found to be defective the
complete assembly should be replaced.
• -When not in use the harness should be properly
stowed by fasten the belts in the normal way, take up
all the adjustment and lay them on the seat.
• - Check that all operating instructions for legibility, e.g.
“Pull to Release”.
SEAT BELTS - SERVICING
93. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
• - The cables and straps of forward release
mechanisms should be inspected for kinks,
entanglement, and fraying.
• - Control lock mechanisms, pulleys, Bowden cables,
inertia reel assemblies etc, should be examined for
security, wear, freedom of movement, corrosion,
functioning and be correctly lubricated.
SEAT BELTS - SERVICING
94. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Repair
-return complete belt or harness to the manufacturers
-some operators have approval to carry out their own
repairs, but confined to stitching and fitment replacemen
Cleaning
- using acid free solvents, acid free soap and warm
- water solution, then rinse well with clean water and dry
with warm air.
Colour Change
- by dyed (to match the cabin decor) permission
- must be obtained from the belt manufacturer.
SEAT BELTS - SERVICING
95. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Proof Testing
• - After repair, specified in the maintenance
schedule, part of the belt using material in a load
bearing capacity should be proof tested to a
specific load.
• - load and the method of testing is specified by
the manufacturer.
• - but in general test load should be ½ of the
certified strength of the member under test.
• - The release should work at 1.5g.
SEAT BELTS - SERVICING
96. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Storage
• - belts and harnesses should be stored in clean, dry
conditions at normal room temperature and away
from direct sunlight.
• - Harnesses, other than new articles in their original
packages, which have not been tested in the last
• 12 months, should be tested before installation.
SEAT BELTS - SERVICING
97. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Storage
- storage period for new original packaged equipment
before they require testing is specified by the
manufacturer.
Records
- - A record should be kept in the bay of all work carried
out on the harness.
- - Harnesses should be serial numbered to identify
them against their record card.
SEAT BELTS - SERVICING
98. Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
The LOPA also gives the
minimum quantity for
dispatch of aircraft.
Each particular aircraft‟s
LOPA has to be referred
to when accounting for
all the aircraft‟s loose
and emergency
equipment.
LOOSE & EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT