The document provides an overview of key events and developments during the Tudor period in England from 1485 to 1603. This included minor wars with Scotland and France, the expansion of industry, farming and overseas trade. One of the greatest explorers of this time was Francis Drake. The English Reformation separated the English church from Catholic control, causing conflicts with Catholic nations. Henry VIII was an intelligent ruler who increased royal wealth through taxes while keeping nobles loyal through offices and land.
Lesson 1-History Of Britain Part 1 (2003)Patrickwolak
Pre-Roman Britain saw various Celtic groups migrate to and settle the islands. The Romans then invaded in 43 AD and governed Britain for over 300 years. After the Romans left in 410 AD, Anglo-Saxon tribes were invited to defend against Pictish and Scottish raids and eventually dominated most of England, establishing the kingdom of England. The Vikings then began invading in the 9th century, with many battles between the Danes and Anglo-Saxons before Alfred the Great of Wessex defeated the Danes in the late 9th century. The Norman conquest of 1066 established a strong monarchy and feudal system in England.
William the Conqueror became king of England in 1066 after defeating the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings. He established a feudal system and built castles and fortifications. Over time, conflicts arose between the monarchy and the nobility and clergy, with some kings like King John and Henry III facing revolts due to their poor leadership and financial mismanagement. This led to developments like the signing of the Magna Carta, which limited the king's power.
The Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state of the United Kingdom and 16 other Commonwealth realms. As monarch, she plays a largely symbolic and ceremonial role in the UK where the Prime Minister is the head of government. Some of the main royal residences include Buckingham Palace in London, Windsor Castle, Sandringham House, and Holyroodhouse where the Queen and royal family carry out official duties and reside periodically.
The British took control of the Cape colony from the Dutch East India Company in order to prevent the French from gaining power in the region during the wars between Britain and France. Although briefly returned to Dutch rule, the Cape became a permanent British colony in 1806. With British control came changes like integrating the Cape into the global British Empire and its economy. British policies and military victories over local groups also extended British political influence across South Africa.
The document discusses the history of Viking settlements in England, from their initial arrival and establishment of laws and communities, through periods of conflict with King Alfred and the creation of the Danelaw region. It concludes with the Norman Conquest of 1066, when the Normans, who were descended from Vikings settled in France, conquered all of England including the Danelaw, ultimately burning the Viking settlement of Jorvik in 1069 and marking the end of the Viking Age there.
The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688 when James II, an unpopular Catholic king of England, was overthrown in favor of his Protestant daughters Mary and Anne. William of Orange invaded England with a Dutch army after being invited by several nobles unhappy with James' pro-Catholic policies, and James fled without bloodshed. William and Mary then ruled jointly as monarchs under an agreement that limited the king's power.
The document provides an overview of key events and developments during the Tudor period in England from 1485 to 1603. This included minor wars with Scotland and France, the expansion of industry, farming and overseas trade. One of the greatest explorers of this time was Francis Drake. The English Reformation separated the English church from Catholic control, causing conflicts with Catholic nations. Henry VIII was an intelligent ruler who increased royal wealth through taxes while keeping nobles loyal through offices and land.
Lesson 1-History Of Britain Part 1 (2003)Patrickwolak
Pre-Roman Britain saw various Celtic groups migrate to and settle the islands. The Romans then invaded in 43 AD and governed Britain for over 300 years. After the Romans left in 410 AD, Anglo-Saxon tribes were invited to defend against Pictish and Scottish raids and eventually dominated most of England, establishing the kingdom of England. The Vikings then began invading in the 9th century, with many battles between the Danes and Anglo-Saxons before Alfred the Great of Wessex defeated the Danes in the late 9th century. The Norman conquest of 1066 established a strong monarchy and feudal system in England.
William the Conqueror became king of England in 1066 after defeating the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings. He established a feudal system and built castles and fortifications. Over time, conflicts arose between the monarchy and the nobility and clergy, with some kings like King John and Henry III facing revolts due to their poor leadership and financial mismanagement. This led to developments like the signing of the Magna Carta, which limited the king's power.
The Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state of the United Kingdom and 16 other Commonwealth realms. As monarch, she plays a largely symbolic and ceremonial role in the UK where the Prime Minister is the head of government. Some of the main royal residences include Buckingham Palace in London, Windsor Castle, Sandringham House, and Holyroodhouse where the Queen and royal family carry out official duties and reside periodically.
The British took control of the Cape colony from the Dutch East India Company in order to prevent the French from gaining power in the region during the wars between Britain and France. Although briefly returned to Dutch rule, the Cape became a permanent British colony in 1806. With British control came changes like integrating the Cape into the global British Empire and its economy. British policies and military victories over local groups also extended British political influence across South Africa.
The document discusses the history of Viking settlements in England, from their initial arrival and establishment of laws and communities, through periods of conflict with King Alfred and the creation of the Danelaw region. It concludes with the Norman Conquest of 1066, when the Normans, who were descended from Vikings settled in France, conquered all of England including the Danelaw, ultimately burning the Viking settlement of Jorvik in 1069 and marking the end of the Viking Age there.
The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688 when James II, an unpopular Catholic king of England, was overthrown in favor of his Protestant daughters Mary and Anne. William of Orange invaded England with a Dutch army after being invited by several nobles unhappy with James' pro-Catholic policies, and James fled without bloodshed. William and Mary then ruled jointly as monarchs under an agreement that limited the king's power.
The Navigation Acts of the 1660s established trade regulations between England and its colonies based on mercantilist principles. The Acts stipulated that most colonial goods could only be sold to England, where they were taxed. All ships engaged in colonial trade also had to be built and owned by English or colonial subjects. The Acts increased smuggling in the colonies and angered colonists as England enforced the trade restrictions.
The document outlines major events in British history from 1066 to the present day, including the Norman invasion of 1066, the Black Death of 1347, the English Civil War of the 1600s, the abolition of slavery in 1807, the two World Wars of the 20th century, and Queen Elizabeth II's ascension to the throne in 1953. Key historical figures mentioned include William Shakespeare, Queen Elizabeth I, Queen Victoria, and Captain Cook. Major events such as the Battle of Hastings, the signing of the Magna Carta, and the Industrial Revolution are touched upon.
The reign of Henry II as he pursues the goals of ridding the land of adulterine (unauthorized) castles and criminous clerks. The attempt to separate secular and religious court systems runs into opposition from Becket.
The British colony of Australia began in 1788 with the establishment of a penal colony at Port Jackson in New South Wales. Overcrowding in British prisons led them to send convicts to Australia, where they established a labor system using convicts to develop infrastructure and work for settlers. One of the strictest penal colonies was Port Arthur in Tasmania, established in 1830 to house hardened criminals re-offending in Australia. Conflict arose between British settlers and Aboriginal Australians, as settlers brought disease and guns while forcing surviving Aboriginals onto interior reservations.
The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688 when the English Parliament invited William III of Orange-Nassau to overthrow King James II and become co-ruler with his wife Mary II. This established constitutional monarchy and secured a Protestant line of succession. As a result, Parliament passed the Bill of Rights in 1689 which limited royal power and established rights for citizens, and the Act of Settlement in 1701 which prevented Catholics from inheriting the throne. The Revolution had lasting effects on religion, finance, and freedom of the press in England.
The document summarizes the events leading up to and during the Seven Years' War between France and England for control over territories in North America. It discusses the territorial disputes between the two powers in the Americas, various battles and military campaigns that took place, and the outcome of the war which resulted in French defeat and the ceding of New France to British control under the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The new British rulers faced challenges in governing the French Catholic population in Quebec and dealing with indigenous nations in the aftermath of the war.
The document discusses the American Revolution and the events leading up to it. During the Nine Years War, England had to focus on protecting itself from France and could send few resources to defend the colonies. Most colonial defenses were focused on protecting English holdings in the West Indies. England then unified with Scotland through the Treaty of Union in 1707 to gain access to Scottish trade. This helped fuel the growth of the British Empire and established British naval supremacy by 1713, setting the stage for conflicts with the American colonies.
Vikings expanded across Europe through several routes, including across the Baltic Sea, along the English Channel, and along the Sea Road connecting Norway to Ireland. Their expansion in Britain occurred in three stages - initial raids on coastal areas like Lindisfarne Abbey in 793, followed by a large-scale invasion by the Great Army from 865-886 that established Danelaw control over parts of England, and finally settlement and intermarriage as Vikings assimilated and some areas, like parts of England, came under Norse rule, culminating in the North Sea Kingdom of King Cnut in the early 11th century.
This document provides a summary of the history of England from 500 BC to the present day. It describes the successive waves of Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and Norman peoples who inhabited the island over time. Key events include the Roman invasion in 43 AD, the Anglo-Saxon invasion in the 5th century, the Norman conquest in 1066, the Tudor and Stuart dynasties, the Victorian era, and both World Wars in the early 20th century. The document also highlights some important locations, monuments, and aspects of English culture throughout its history.
Pro-slavery groups campaigned against abolition in several ways:
1) They argued that ending slavery would be economically harmful as it would cost Britain tax money and jobs in industries like sugar that relied on slave labor.
2) They claimed Britain needed the money from slavery to fund wars against France and that naval expertise from slave ships and shipbuilding strengthened Britain's military.
3) Anti-abolitionists asserted that slavery was justified by arguing Africans were inferior and that slaves were better off as Christians in bondage.
4) Groups supporting the continuation of slavery sent petitions to Parliament, published pamphlets promoting the same arguments, and sometimes bribed MPs to oppose ending the slave trade.
William III and Mary II ruled jointly as monarchs of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1688 to 1694. They were married in 1677. Some key events of their joint reign included passing the Bill of Rights in 1689, which established limits on the royal prerogative, and establishing the Bank of England in 1694. Their foreign policy focused on engaging in the Nine Years' War with France from 1688 to 1697.
The document discusses the Loyalist migration to British North America after the American Revolutionary War. Over 100,000 Loyalists fled the newly independent United States, with 45,000 settling in Nova Scotia and Quebec. Their arrival increased tensions as they sought more British laws and customs, threatening the rights of the Canadiens under the Quebec Act. It also changed Britain's approach to negotiating land treaties with First Nations, who questioned if their land rights were being respected. The Loyalists petitioned the British government with demands, leading to the 1791 Constitutional Act that divided the colony along the Ottawa River into Upper and Lower Canada.
Richard and John had a complex relationship. When Richard was imprisoned, John claimed the throne but Richard appointed Hubert Walter as archbishop instead. Richard later returned and pardoned John. As king, Richard established coroners and fixed royal revenues. The Magna Carta established liberties for the church, citizens, and barons. It limited feudal payments and established due process. It allowed barons to resist the king through force if liberties were denied. The charter was subsequently reissued and became an important foundation for rights in later centuries.
THIS SLIDE LOOKS AT HOW THE BRITISH CAME INTO POWER BY TAKING OVER AND CONTROLLING THE CAPE FORCING THE BOER TO MOVE TO OTHER AREAS. THE SLIDE ALSO LOOKS INTO HOW THE BOERS OBTAINED THE NAME THE GREAT TREKKERS
The document summarizes the Treaty of Waitangi, which was an agreement signed in 1840 between Maori chiefs and the British Crown. Around 40 chiefs signed the treaty, which recognized Maori ownership of their land and gave them rights as British subjects. However, the English and Maori versions of the treaty differed, so there is no consensus around exactly what was agreed upon.
The British presented the Maori with a treaty for several reasons: to formally claim New Zealand as part of the British Empire before other European powers could, in response to British whalers breaking laws which missionaries felt insulted the Crown, and to buy land from the Maori to expand the empire and utilize New Zealand's natural resources with minimal conflict.
The document summarizes key events and developments in medieval English history from the 13th to 15th centuries. It discusses the decline of feudalism, the establishment of parliament under Henry III, Edward I's efforts to annex Scotland and Wales, the growth of towns and rise of literacy, the Black Death plague of 1348 that killed over a third of the population, and the War of the Roses between the Houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne from 1455 to 1485.
Canada's history involved exploration by John Cabot and the establishment of the fur trade through a charter from King Charles II. France tried to settle Canada for fur trading but faced battles with Native Americans and the British. The Seven Years' War resulted in Britain gaining control of New France and doubling its national debt. The War of 1812 saw Britain defeat the U.S. and unite British and French Canadians. Key steps on the road to independence included withdrawing British troops in 1871 and Canada signing its first treaty in 1923. The Balfour Resolution of 1926 recognized Dominions like Canada as autonomous communities equal in status to Britain.
Julius Caesar first went to Britain in 55 BC but withdrew due to bad weather. In 54 BC he returned with five legions but left to deal with a rebellion. The actual Roman invasion was in 43 AD when Emperor Claudius invaded with legions. Before the Romans, the Celts lived in Britain and the Iceni tribe inhabited Norfolk, led by Queen Boudica who rebelled against Rome between 60-61 AD. The Romans established cities like Londinium and left remains including Hadrian's Wall, built between 122-136 AD along the Scottish border to protect Roman Britain.
1) In the 15th century, news and propaganda in England was spread through proclamations by sheriffs, criers in cities and markets, and posters in churches and guildhalls.
2) The legal profession was growing, with around 140 lawyers in London in 1292 growing to around 2000 in 1400. Statutes were passed to better regulate attorneys and ensure only virtuous ones were allowed to practice.
3) Geoffrey Chaucer's family were involved in the legal profession, with Thomas Chaucer becoming a powerful figure and speaker of the house, and his descendants including Alice Chaucer inheriting wealth and lands and getting involved in disputes over the Fastolf estate.
The Navigation Acts of the 1660s established trade regulations between England and its colonies based on mercantilist principles. The Acts stipulated that most colonial goods could only be sold to England, where they were taxed. All ships engaged in colonial trade also had to be built and owned by English or colonial subjects. The Acts increased smuggling in the colonies and angered colonists as England enforced the trade restrictions.
The document outlines major events in British history from 1066 to the present day, including the Norman invasion of 1066, the Black Death of 1347, the English Civil War of the 1600s, the abolition of slavery in 1807, the two World Wars of the 20th century, and Queen Elizabeth II's ascension to the throne in 1953. Key historical figures mentioned include William Shakespeare, Queen Elizabeth I, Queen Victoria, and Captain Cook. Major events such as the Battle of Hastings, the signing of the Magna Carta, and the Industrial Revolution are touched upon.
The reign of Henry II as he pursues the goals of ridding the land of adulterine (unauthorized) castles and criminous clerks. The attempt to separate secular and religious court systems runs into opposition from Becket.
The British colony of Australia began in 1788 with the establishment of a penal colony at Port Jackson in New South Wales. Overcrowding in British prisons led them to send convicts to Australia, where they established a labor system using convicts to develop infrastructure and work for settlers. One of the strictest penal colonies was Port Arthur in Tasmania, established in 1830 to house hardened criminals re-offending in Australia. Conflict arose between British settlers and Aboriginal Australians, as settlers brought disease and guns while forcing surviving Aboriginals onto interior reservations.
The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688 when the English Parliament invited William III of Orange-Nassau to overthrow King James II and become co-ruler with his wife Mary II. This established constitutional monarchy and secured a Protestant line of succession. As a result, Parliament passed the Bill of Rights in 1689 which limited royal power and established rights for citizens, and the Act of Settlement in 1701 which prevented Catholics from inheriting the throne. The Revolution had lasting effects on religion, finance, and freedom of the press in England.
The document summarizes the events leading up to and during the Seven Years' War between France and England for control over territories in North America. It discusses the territorial disputes between the two powers in the Americas, various battles and military campaigns that took place, and the outcome of the war which resulted in French defeat and the ceding of New France to British control under the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The new British rulers faced challenges in governing the French Catholic population in Quebec and dealing with indigenous nations in the aftermath of the war.
The document discusses the American Revolution and the events leading up to it. During the Nine Years War, England had to focus on protecting itself from France and could send few resources to defend the colonies. Most colonial defenses were focused on protecting English holdings in the West Indies. England then unified with Scotland through the Treaty of Union in 1707 to gain access to Scottish trade. This helped fuel the growth of the British Empire and established British naval supremacy by 1713, setting the stage for conflicts with the American colonies.
Vikings expanded across Europe through several routes, including across the Baltic Sea, along the English Channel, and along the Sea Road connecting Norway to Ireland. Their expansion in Britain occurred in three stages - initial raids on coastal areas like Lindisfarne Abbey in 793, followed by a large-scale invasion by the Great Army from 865-886 that established Danelaw control over parts of England, and finally settlement and intermarriage as Vikings assimilated and some areas, like parts of England, came under Norse rule, culminating in the North Sea Kingdom of King Cnut in the early 11th century.
This document provides a summary of the history of England from 500 BC to the present day. It describes the successive waves of Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and Norman peoples who inhabited the island over time. Key events include the Roman invasion in 43 AD, the Anglo-Saxon invasion in the 5th century, the Norman conquest in 1066, the Tudor and Stuart dynasties, the Victorian era, and both World Wars in the early 20th century. The document also highlights some important locations, monuments, and aspects of English culture throughout its history.
Pro-slavery groups campaigned against abolition in several ways:
1) They argued that ending slavery would be economically harmful as it would cost Britain tax money and jobs in industries like sugar that relied on slave labor.
2) They claimed Britain needed the money from slavery to fund wars against France and that naval expertise from slave ships and shipbuilding strengthened Britain's military.
3) Anti-abolitionists asserted that slavery was justified by arguing Africans were inferior and that slaves were better off as Christians in bondage.
4) Groups supporting the continuation of slavery sent petitions to Parliament, published pamphlets promoting the same arguments, and sometimes bribed MPs to oppose ending the slave trade.
William III and Mary II ruled jointly as monarchs of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1688 to 1694. They were married in 1677. Some key events of their joint reign included passing the Bill of Rights in 1689, which established limits on the royal prerogative, and establishing the Bank of England in 1694. Their foreign policy focused on engaging in the Nine Years' War with France from 1688 to 1697.
The document discusses the Loyalist migration to British North America after the American Revolutionary War. Over 100,000 Loyalists fled the newly independent United States, with 45,000 settling in Nova Scotia and Quebec. Their arrival increased tensions as they sought more British laws and customs, threatening the rights of the Canadiens under the Quebec Act. It also changed Britain's approach to negotiating land treaties with First Nations, who questioned if their land rights were being respected. The Loyalists petitioned the British government with demands, leading to the 1791 Constitutional Act that divided the colony along the Ottawa River into Upper and Lower Canada.
Richard and John had a complex relationship. When Richard was imprisoned, John claimed the throne but Richard appointed Hubert Walter as archbishop instead. Richard later returned and pardoned John. As king, Richard established coroners and fixed royal revenues. The Magna Carta established liberties for the church, citizens, and barons. It limited feudal payments and established due process. It allowed barons to resist the king through force if liberties were denied. The charter was subsequently reissued and became an important foundation for rights in later centuries.
THIS SLIDE LOOKS AT HOW THE BRITISH CAME INTO POWER BY TAKING OVER AND CONTROLLING THE CAPE FORCING THE BOER TO MOVE TO OTHER AREAS. THE SLIDE ALSO LOOKS INTO HOW THE BOERS OBTAINED THE NAME THE GREAT TREKKERS
The document summarizes the Treaty of Waitangi, which was an agreement signed in 1840 between Maori chiefs and the British Crown. Around 40 chiefs signed the treaty, which recognized Maori ownership of their land and gave them rights as British subjects. However, the English and Maori versions of the treaty differed, so there is no consensus around exactly what was agreed upon.
The British presented the Maori with a treaty for several reasons: to formally claim New Zealand as part of the British Empire before other European powers could, in response to British whalers breaking laws which missionaries felt insulted the Crown, and to buy land from the Maori to expand the empire and utilize New Zealand's natural resources with minimal conflict.
The document summarizes key events and developments in medieval English history from the 13th to 15th centuries. It discusses the decline of feudalism, the establishment of parliament under Henry III, Edward I's efforts to annex Scotland and Wales, the growth of towns and rise of literacy, the Black Death plague of 1348 that killed over a third of the population, and the War of the Roses between the Houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne from 1455 to 1485.
Canada's history involved exploration by John Cabot and the establishment of the fur trade through a charter from King Charles II. France tried to settle Canada for fur trading but faced battles with Native Americans and the British. The Seven Years' War resulted in Britain gaining control of New France and doubling its national debt. The War of 1812 saw Britain defeat the U.S. and unite British and French Canadians. Key steps on the road to independence included withdrawing British troops in 1871 and Canada signing its first treaty in 1923. The Balfour Resolution of 1926 recognized Dominions like Canada as autonomous communities equal in status to Britain.
Julius Caesar first went to Britain in 55 BC but withdrew due to bad weather. In 54 BC he returned with five legions but left to deal with a rebellion. The actual Roman invasion was in 43 AD when Emperor Claudius invaded with legions. Before the Romans, the Celts lived in Britain and the Iceni tribe inhabited Norfolk, led by Queen Boudica who rebelled against Rome between 60-61 AD. The Romans established cities like Londinium and left remains including Hadrian's Wall, built between 122-136 AD along the Scottish border to protect Roman Britain.
1) In the 15th century, news and propaganda in England was spread through proclamations by sheriffs, criers in cities and markets, and posters in churches and guildhalls.
2) The legal profession was growing, with around 140 lawyers in London in 1292 growing to around 2000 in 1400. Statutes were passed to better regulate attorneys and ensure only virtuous ones were allowed to practice.
3) Geoffrey Chaucer's family were involved in the legal profession, with Thomas Chaucer becoming a powerful figure and speaker of the house, and his descendants including Alice Chaucer inheriting wealth and lands and getting involved in disputes over the Fastolf estate.
This document provides information about medical practices and guilds in medieval England. It discusses John Arderne, a 14th century surgeon who wrote about surgical procedures. It also describes the roles of guilds in regulating trades and professions. Guilds helped oversee practices like surgery and provided social support. The document examines court systems and how local and royal courts addressed legal issues involving guild members.
Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart, was King of England from 1189 to 1199. While he had some successes in the Third Crusade and as a military leader, he faced challenges as king domestically, such as raising funds through taxes. He left his brother John in charge of Normandy, which contributed to later conflicts. Richard's death in 1199 was a major loss for England and caused much mourning.
3 S2014 Lollards and Religion in Early 15th Century EnglandRobert Ehrlich
The ideas of Wyclif spread to the Lollards in England. A series of measures are put into place by Archbishop Arundel and Henry IV. Heretics are burnt. Sir John Oldcastle, former associate of Prince Hal in the Glendower campaign is arrested and executed. Chantry chapels and indulgences are ways of dealing with religious ideas of Purgatory in the afterlife and penance in this life.
The document compares and contrasts the reigns of King Alfred of Wessex and King Æthelred of England in facing the threat from Viking invaders. It notes that while Alfred established burhs and a system of defense that brought peace for 15 years, Æthelred's defenses were commercial centers and he relied on increasing payments to the Vikings for temporary respites. Æthelred also lacked the support of nobles that Alfred had. The document provides context about the political situation and defensive strategies employed in England during this turbulent time.
William commissioned the Domesday Book in 1086 to survey the land and property holdings in England. The book recorded details about land ownership, populations, livestock, land use and revenue for each manor or village. It established a baseline of accountability for landholders and helped centralize royal governance. While not without errors, it provided an unprecedented level of information and established a model for later censuses and land surveys.
5.Technology and Laws of Warfare in the Age of ChaucerRobert Ehrlich
The document discusses changes in medieval warfare technology from the 11th to 14th centuries in England and France. It describes the increased use of infantry and missile weapons like the longbow, mounted archers, and large siege engines. Gunpowder also began seeing limited use in the 14th century. New tactics like chevauchée raids, where armies ravaged the countryside, emerged. The status of squires and men-at-arms changed as well, as unemployed knights sought opportunities after peace treaties.
Henry III was crowned King of England in 1216 at age 9 after the death of his father, King John. He ruled until 1272. Though personally pious and generous, Henry III was a poor military leader and his conflicts with barons led to the development of parliamentary systems in England. He unsuccessfully tried to regain English lands in France and expand control in Britain. His borrowing of money increased anti-Semitism. The Magna Carta and representation in government continued growing in importance during his reign.
William Wykeham established educational institutions in the late 14th century that helped establish a path for social mobility through education. In the 15th century, printing was developed which allowed for wider dissemination of texts and helped standardize the English language. Writers during this period included Gower, Hoccleve, and Lydgate who wrote in English for royal patrons. William Caxton introduced printing to England and published many texts, helping establish the English publishing industry. The growth of printing helped foster national identity and increased literacy.
Henry I established new monasteries and fostered new monastic orders like the Cistercians. After his death, England was divided in its support for either Stephen or Empress Matilda in the succession dispute to the throne. The country descended into civil war from 1139-1153 as each side fought for control. Eventually, a peace treaty in 1153 recognized Henry, son of Matilda, as Stephen's heir, allowing Stephen to remain king for the rest of his life. Stephen's reign was seen as a time of disorder and lack of justice.
12. F2012 Church Reform in the 10th-11th centuryRobert Ehrlich
Monasteries played an important role in education and religious unity during the 10th and early 11th centuries in England. Many monasteries were refounded or reformed during this time, adopting the Rule of St. Benedict and emphasizing education according to the wishes of reformers like Dunstan, Aethelwold and Oswald. These reformed monasteries served as centers of religious and educational influence, and virtually all bishops from 959 to 1016 came from monasteries.
Private (affective) religion in 14th century England. Two mystics:Richard Rolle and Julian of Norwich transmit their experiences. John Wyclif moves from opposition to papal taxation to rejection of Church ownership of property and the doctrine of transubstantiation. Isolated in his lifetime and declared a heretic 30 years later, his support for verncular (English) Scriptures is carried on by others.
2. F2013 Edward III: Hundred Years War, Wine and WoolRobert Ehrlich
This document provides an overview of topics related to the financing of the Hundred Years War through wine, wool, and merchants in the 14th century. It discusses how Edward II struggled with favorites and rebellions, leading to his abdication. Wine production and trade, especially from Gascony, helped finance the war, as did the English wool trade through Flanders. Merchants organized into livery companies and financed both sides of the conflict. Standards for weights and measures supported international trade in wool. By 1337, taxes and borrowed money financed a larger portion of the government and war costs compared to earlier decades.
Review of Norman and Angevin England leading to the 14th Century. The importance of the wine trade and the role of vintners including Chaucer's ancestors.
The document summarizes medieval Britain from 1066 to 1485. It describes the Norman conquest of England in 1066 led by William the Conqueror, who defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings and established Norman rule. The Normans introduced changes like constructing castles and cathedrals, implementing a strict feudal system, and establishing close ties with the church to strengthen the central government. It also mentions the signing of the Magna Carta and the development of Parliament. The period ended with the War of the Roses from 1455 to 1485 between the houses of Lancaster and York for the throne.
The United Kingdom is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It has a varied landscape from mountains to lowlands. The UK has a temperate climate influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. Many groups have invaded and settled in Britain over time, including the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans, leaving behind cultural and linguistic influences. The country developed a strong monarchy and parliamentary system of government.
The document summarizes the history of Britain from the Celtic invasions starting around 700 BC through the Norman conquest in 1066 AD. It discusses the various groups that invaded and settled in Britain over this period, including the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. It describes their societies, economies, and influence on British culture and politics. The last invaders were the Normans from France, who conquered England under William in 1066, bringing feudalism and permanently changing the course of British history.
The document summarizes the end of Gaelic rule in Ireland in the 17th century. It discusses key figures like Hugh O'Neill, earl of Tyrone, who led the Ulster rebellion against English rule from 1594-1603. It also describes the Plantation of Ulster beginning in 1608 under King James I, which established Protestant colonial rule in Ulster and displaced the Gaelic Irish. The document analyzes how this plantation, combined with religious and political factors, helped establish a distinct Ulster-Scottish Protestant identity in opposition to Gaelic and Old English Catholicism in Ireland.
The document provides an overview of the history of England from the Celtic period through the Norman conquest in 1066. It describes how the Celts were displaced by invading Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century AD, establishing small kingdoms. Christianity eventually spread throughout England in the following centuries. Vikings then began raiding England in the 8th century and some settled, with Alfred the Great defending Wessex against them. In 1066, William the Conqueror defeated the English at Hastings and established a new Norman ruling class, introducing feudalism.
5 f2015 English civil wars - Bishops war, Ireland Robert Ehrlich
Some of the preliminary phases of the English Civil wars which lead to the fall of Charles I. The attempt to impose the Book of Common Prayer on Scotland leads to protests. In the north there is the Bishops' wars, in Ireland an uprising that is brutally suppressed. In England Parliaments protest the actions of Charles and are dismissed. Charles and Parliament raise militias
Thank you for the invitation, but I am an AI assistant without personal experiences of winter breaks. I look forward to continuing our discussion of history when the class resumes.
The document summarizes key developments in medieval Europe, including the rise of feudalism and manorialism, the growth of towns and trade, the role of the Catholic Church and papacy, and major events like the Crusades and the Black Death pandemic. It provides timelines of major political, economic, and social changes from the fall of Rome to 1300 CE.
Edward the Elder succeeded his father, King Alfred, and continued fighting the Vikings with help from his sister Aethelflead, Lady of Mercia. Aethelflead ruled Mercia after her husband's death, leading armies to recover lands and building fortresses. King Edward was impressed with Aethelflead and sent his son Athelstan to be raised by her. Athelstan conquered Northumbria and became the first King of England, uniting the peoples of Britain for the first time since Roman rule. He established coins, laws, and a centralized government divided into shires ruled by earls overseen by sheriffs. This brought unprecedented peace and prosperity for 50 years.
The document summarizes the history of Britain from the Celts to the Normans in 10 sections. It describes the successive invasions and settlements of the Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. It details the society, economy, and religion of the Celts. It also discusses the Christianization of England starting in the 6th century, the rule of Alfred the Great and his efforts to unite England, and the last Anglo-Saxon kings before the Norman invasion in 1066.
The document discusses the Plantations in Ireland between 1400-1700. It describes how the British organized large-scale confiscations of land from Irish tribes and redistributed it to British settlers to help establish control over Ireland. Several major Plantations are outlined, including those in Munster and Ulster overseen by Queen Elizabeth I and King James I. The Plantations aimed to spread the English language, Protestant religion, and English legal system, but met with varying levels of success and resistance from the native Irish populations.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandbeajoyarcenio
The document provides information about attractions and places of interest in the United Kingdom, as well as background details on the country. It lists famous British landmarks like Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, and Oxford University. Additionally, it covers facts about the constituent countries of the UK, including demographics, government, and a brief history stretching from ancient Britain to the present day.
Henry VII solidified his rule over England after defeating Richard III, bringing stability and strong central government after years of feudal anarchy. He established laws and policies that grew trade and the economy, increasing royal revenues. Henry faced some pretenders to the throne but largely had a peaceful reign where he developed systems like the Star Chamber to keep the barons in line and assert Tudor authority.
Db edit how did william_gain_control_version_2[1]DB3igs
William gained control of England following the Battle of Hastings through fear, violence, castles, and establishing the feudal system. He waited for the English to surrender after returning to Hastings, but when they did not, he gained control of the coast up to Dover and marched toward London. When the Londoners did not immediately surrender, William destroyed surrounding properties and murdered many people, instilling fear. He was then crowned king and began building motte-and-bailey castles. William further solidified his control through conducting the Domesday Book survey in 1085 to determine land ownership and tax revenues.
We will examine Irish, Scottish, and Welsh history and culture from 500 BC to the present. In particular, lectures and discussions will focus on the early cultural identity of the Irish, Scots, and Welsh and their customs and mythologies; the influence of Roman culture and Christianity on these lands and peoples; the English conquest and colonization of these lands and peoples; and, finally, on the process of political devolution in all three areas. These aspects of Irish, Scottish, and Welsh history will be examined through historical documents and literature, art, music, and film clips. Students will emerge from the class with a clear sense of the events that shaped the early history and culture of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales and how those events continue to shape these areas even to the present day.
His 101 chapter 8 the middle ages 800 1100 spring 2013dcyw1112
The document summarizes key events and developments in Western Europe between 800-1300 CE. It discusses the rise of powerful kings like Charlemagne and Otto I who consolidated power over western kingdoms. It also describes the Viking invasions during this period and the defenses organized by rulers like Alfred the Great. Additionally, it outlines cultural and economic changes like the development of towns, trade, universities, and guild systems during the Middle Ages.
During the Medieval period in Europe from 500-1400 AD:
1. The fall of the Western Roman Empire led to disruption of trade, the downfall of cities, and a population shift to the countryside as people turned to the Church for stability and order.
2. Feudalism and the manorial system provided a social and economic structure where lords granted land to vassals who provided military and labor services in return.
3. The Crusades were a series of religious wars called by the Pope starting in 1095 in response to Muslim conquests. They temporarily resulted in Christian control of Jerusalem but ultimately failed to retain the Holy Land.
Similar to 1 S2013 England after the Conquest (20)
The curator of the Imperial Secretariat Library tries to evenly divide its 150,000 volume collection between the new states emerging from the partition of British India. The partition led to the division of collections and archives between India and Pakistan.
12 The Raj -Burma campaign and Bengal famineRobert Ehrlich
The Burma campaign was almost entirely the work of the British Indian Army. The success in driving Japanese troops from Burma is attributed to the efforts of General William Slim. He used Dakota planes to support troop movements and proceeded even in the monsoon season. Different approaches to the campaign were conducted by US General 'Vinegar Joe' Stillwell and British General Orde Wingate.
9 The Raj Rowlatt, Amritsar and Non Cooperation Robert Ehrlich
The Raj continues wartime measure through the Rowlatt Act. Protests result. A peaceful gathering at Amritsar is massacred by General Dyer. Dyer is removed from his post. is treatment is brought to Parliament where he is praised by Lords but the dismissal is upheld by Commons after a speech by Churchill. Gandhi uses satyagraha in labor disputes but extends this to non-cooperation with the raj. He is arrested but soon released. Congress becomes a larger force among the Indian public.
The presentation begins with a look at the role of Indians in England. Many serve in the shipping industry as lascars and some remain in England, primarily in the Docklands section of London. Recently noted is Queen Victoria's munshi, Abdul This presentation then looks at the contribution of India to the Great War (World War I). The opinions of sepoys are known from letters transcribed by censors. The army served on the Western Front, in East Africa, Mesopotamia, the Suez and was a component at Gallipoli Some opposition to the war came from expatriates in Canada and the US. Others gave support but agitated for home rule. Gandhi supported the ambulance corps and recruiting. The war resulted in an increase in industrial produciton.
7 The Raj - Imperial Architecture -Art and NationalismRobert Ehrlich
This presentation looks at building built by the Raj and Raj-supported princes in the late 19th century. Havell makes a case for including Indian elements in public buildings while others advocate using architecture associated with imperial power in Europe. Indian painters evolve from artists who use the motifs of western art to those who look to traditional art
After a brief look at the jubilees celebrated in India the presentation looks at the proposed 1905 Bengal partition and its consequences. Partition is justified by administrative concerns but the partition map effects religious differences and a policy of divide and rule. Muslims in Bengal support the partition but the Indian National Congress opposes it.The reaction is to combine support of native industry with boycott of foreign goods. Opponents divide into moderates who support just these efforts . and extremists who advocate swaraj or self-rule. The Raj counters with the Minto-Morley reforms which give a small increase in local self-government. In 1911 the partition is repealed
6 The Raj - Indentured Indian Labor in South AfricaRobert Ehrlich
A look at the Indian diaspora in South Africa where indentured labor predominates but there are formeer indentured laborers who have small businesses and merchants or 'passenger' Indians' who have paid there own way. Gandhi goes to South Africa as lawyer for a merchant but encounters the plight of indentured labor. He develops the technique fo satyagraha to protest discrimination against Indians.
5 The Raj Political. Social and Religious Reform and WomenRobert Ehrlich
The Indian National Congress makes moderate demands for political reforms. The British make laws or attempt to make laws dealing with practices that some identify with religious traditions and others fee it is up to Indians to address. Some measures that are considered suppressive of free speech and participation in the system are. overturned. Particularly troublesome is the question whether Indians can sit on juries that try British citizens.
The rise of Indian nationalism in the late 19th century is a combination of rising Indian identity but also Hindu and Muslim identity. At Ayodha they come into conflict. A limited self-governance is offered through the 1892 Councils Act. Education is expanded particularly high education.
The use of caste by the British in terms of their remake of the army. Caste as a census. A look at caste from historic, linguistic and genetic point of view.
The changes that take place in India after the areas administered by the East India Company are assumed by the Crown. The army is restructured in an attempt to prevent future mutinies. A series of famines occurs and question arise about how to prevent or lessen their impact.
The Government of India Act of 1935 and discontent. The entrance of India into World War 2 and the resulting disaffection of the Indian National Congress, the opposition of the Indian Antional Army and the support of over 2 million volunteers. The Indian Army is crucial in East Africa and the Middle East and of great support in North Africa and Italy. A look at the summer capital of Simla.
The Indian Army after the Great War. The consequences of the swadeshi movement. Move of the capitol to New Delhi. Congress rejects the reformed government proposed by the Simon Commission. Round table conferences to try to reconcile differences. Salt Satyagraha led by Gandhi to try to obtain concessions.
3 England & India Before the Raj: New Products, New MilitarismRobert Ehrlich
The East India Company must accommodate to changing regimes in Britain. Its product create changing tastes: tea, cotton cloths and diamonds. A look at Company officials who get rich on diamonds.
5 England & India Before the Raj; Controlling Indian territoryRobert Ehrlich
The East India Company must now administer the territory where it has obtained revenue rights. The Company is under increased scrutiny and a hearing is held on Clive and his vast gains. Parliament attempts to have an influence in this administration.
A governor-general, Warren Hastings is sent to lead the three divisions of presidencies.
War continues in the south with conflicts between Mysore and its neighbors. After France enters on the side of revolting American colonists, the conflict again spills over into India. A technological advance is the sue fo improved rockets by Mysore
We also look at working conditions for civilian employees in India.
4 England and India Before the Raj: From Commercial to Military PowerRobert Ehrlich
This is the time of Clive.
The decline of the Mughal Empire leads to the development of regional powers.
In the Carnatic conflicts between these powers offer opportunities for expansion of East India Company influence. In this they come into conflict with the French and European and North American Wars (Austrian Succession, Seven Years) involve an Indian theater.
In Bengal rights granted by a weak Mughal Emperor are abused. A new leader, nawab, of Bengal attempts to check these abuses. He attacks Calcutta but a counterattack at the Battle of Plassey results in a puppet nawab. He too grows weary of abuses and demands and at Buxar is defeated. The Emperor then grants the Company revenue rights in Bengal and neighboring areas.
Financial difficulties result in a British bailout with restrictions. The Company is allowed to send tea to North America with a lower tariff but it is rejected. The American Revolution results.
The use of European trained native Indian troops (sepoys) begins
13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration EnglandRobert Ehrlich
A overview of scientific institutions that facilitated the advances, particularly the Royal Society. Some of teh major scientists and some of the less well known scientist who contributed to their work.
The Restoration theater saw the establishment of two patent theater companies, the Duke's Company and the King's Company, who built new theaters like the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane. The theaters featured innovations like proscenium stages and movable scenery. Popular genres included Restoration comedy which featured witty dialogue, adaptations of Shakespeare, and spectacular "machine plays." Acting styles emphasized physicality and emotion over rhetoric. Leading actors like Betterton and Barry became stars, and women began performing professionally. Audiences were diverse but often arrived seeking entertainment and socializing over the plays themselves.
5. Legacy – Pre-Conquest England
• Tax system – Danegeld, heregeld
• Shiring
• Cities
• Law – Charters in the vernacular
• Concentration of land ownership
• Agricultural advancements
8. William the Rightful Successor
• …above all else the one God to be venerated
throughout his entire kingdom; the one Christian
faith always to be kept inviolate; peace and
security to be maintained between Englishmen and
Normans
• … I wish and enjoin: that in [cases affecting]
lands, as in all other matters, all shall keep and
hold the law of King Edward, with the addition of
those [amendments] which I have made for the
benefit of the English people
10. Succession - Different Customs
Normandy
A bequest, made formally, in the presence of
witnesses, it could not legally be revoked
England
Verba novissima An act made on one's death-bed, in
extremis, was taken to supersede previous donations
of the same property
John S. Beckerman “Succession in Normandy, 1087, and in
England, 1066: The Role of Testamentary Custom”
Speculum, Vol. 47, No. 2 (Apr., 1972), pp. 258-260
14. Feudalism
When did feudalism start in Great Britain?
a. 873 Alfred the Great
b. 1215 John
c. 1066 Conquest ✔
d. 1042 Edward the Confessor
e. 1776 Revolution in the colonies
15. Feudalism
When did feudalism end in Royal territories?
a. 2004
b. 1648 Cromwell
c. 1215 Magna Carta
d. 1560 Henry VIII
e. 2008
f. Not yet
16. Date set for demise of the feudal system
November 22, 2002 Scotland's ancient feudal system
of property ownership will be consigned to history in
just over two years.The legislation, one of a series of
executive bills to reform Scotland's land and property
laws, is based on a report by the Law Commission that
followed the passing of the Abolition of Feudal Tenure
Act in 2000. both pieces of legislation would come into
force on November 28, 2004.
Sark - 2008
18. Royal Finances – Non-feudal
• Geld
– land based tax
• Income from royal demesne
– rent
– sale of crops and livestock
• Tallage
– tax imposed upon residents of King’s land,
townsmen and Jews
19. Royal Finances – Judicial
• Judicial writs Enforcement
• Fines • Foresters
• Forest • Sheriffs
21. Choices for the Anglo-Saxons
• Join and cooperate
– work as administrators
– switch masters
– Adopt Norman ways
• inter-marry
• change names
• Rebel
22. The Norman Occupation
Close associates of William
170 Tenants-in-chief
5,000 -10,000 Knights
vs.
1-1.5 million English
23. William’s Supporters
Name Ships Manors (£)
Robert, Count of Mortain 120 2100
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux 100 >3000
William, Count of Evreux 80
Roger of Montgomery 60 2430
William fitz Osbern 60 forfeit
Hugh, Earl of Chester 60 800
Robert, Count of Eu 60 <180
Roger of Beaumont 60 <114
29. 1067
• Temporary fortifications
– London – tower
– Ludgate? –Montfichet
– London - Baynard’s Castle
• England entrusted to William Fitz Osbern
and Bishop Odo when William returns to
Normandy
The Danegeld (pron.: /ˈdeɪn.ɡɛld/;[1] "Danish tax", literally "Dane Money") was a tax raised to pay tribute to the Viking raiders to save a land from being ravaged. It was called the geld or gafol in eleventh-century sources;[2] the term Danegeld did not appear until the early twelfth century.[3] It was characteristic of royal policy in both England and Francia during the ninth through eleventh centuries, collected both as tributary, to buy off the attackers, and as stipendiary, to pay the defensive forcesHeregeld A tribute or tax levied for the maintenance of an army.
11th C. 1067c.1070 1101/2Saxon Burgh on east bank of River Arun. Roger of Montgomery granted western Sussex, established seat at Arundel, on west bank. Builds earthwork and tim- ber castle with two wards in a similar pattern to Windsor.Gatehouse built in stone. [Pulborough stone, brought down river]. Roger’s son, Robert of Bellême, rebels against Henry I. Besieged. Surrenders after 3 months. King takes over castle. Later his wife, Alice inherits castle.1138Alice marries William d’Albini (of Buck- enham and Castle Rising. D’Albinibuildsshellkeep in stone