The document summarizes the events leading up to and during the Seven Years' War between France and England for control over territories in North America. It discusses the territorial disputes between the two powers in the Americas, various battles and military campaigns that took place, and the outcome of the war which resulted in French defeat and the ceding of New France to British control under the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The new British rulers faced challenges in governing the French Catholic population in Quebec and dealing with indigenous nations in the aftermath of the war.

2. › France and England are the two greatest
powers in the world
› France has a great army
› England has a great navy
› They are in direct competition in the
Americas
› Something has got to give

4. › Frontiers in North America were in dispute
› Both sides laid claim to NS, Acadia and the Grand Banks
› The area in dispute went south into modern-day states of
Pennsylvania and Louisiana
› Peace talks in Europe amounted to nothing

5. › French attack Iroquois in the Ohio Valley who trade with
the British
› They set up garrisons and forts in the region
› In October 1753, Major George Washington delivers
orders to the French to leave
› These orders are rejected

6. › The British begin attacking back
› Battles ensue over the next few years
› In 1755, Lt. Colonel Robert Monckton takes Fort Beausejour (near
NS and Acadia)
› This cut Louisbourg off from land-based reinforcements
› It’s the beginning of the end for the French in NS

7. › Took place from 1755-1763
› After taking Fort Beausejour, the English do not trust the
Acadians
› Acadians speak French, but claim they are a separate
nation from France and have no alliance with the French
› The English try to get them to swear an oath of loyalty to
England

8. › Acadians want to remain neutral and do not wish
to swear an oath to anyone
› The English then begin the expulsion
› Acadians are forcibly removed from their homes
› Families are split up and relocated all across the
continent
› This is one of the biggest disgraces of our history

9. › 1756- War breaks out (Seven Years’ War)
› England and Prussia against France, Austria,
Russia, and others
› This is considered the first “global war”
› France concentrates most of its troops to
Europe leaving fewer troops in the Americas
› Prussia has a great army, so England is free to
send more troops to colonies

10. › This is the last great French fort East of Quebec. It could:
– Help re-supply Quebec forts
– Launch attacks upon the British on the St. Lawrence
– Nearest outpost to France
› It had to go if Britain wanted to win

11. › May 1758- British Naval forces leave Halifax for
the attack
› There are nearly 200 ships and 14,000 men
› By June 25th the entire French Navy at
Louisbourg is destroyed
› One month later (26-July) Louisbourg fell to
the British
› This ended French power in Atlantic Canada

12. › With Louisbourg gone the French power resided in
Quebec
› On Sept. 13, 1759 the British attack
› Brits are led by Major-General James Wolfe
› French led by Lt. General the Marquis de Montcalm

14. › There are cliffs to one side of the plains which were
unfortified
› Montcalm did not think anyone could climb them…but
Wolfe’s men did
› Surprised, Montcalm attacked quickly
› Each side had approx. 4500 men

15. › The English troops were regulars, but the
French were largely militia
› The fight was short, but both Wolfe and
Montcalm were mortally wounded
› Wolfe was shot in the chest and stomach
› As he was lying on the field he watched the
French retreating. He gave orders to his men
to give chase, then died
› Montcalm died the next morning of a
stomach wound

17. › By now the French and English have been fighting for
about 8 years
› Earlier in the year the French took St. John’s
› The British want it back to keep control of the fisheries
› Sept. 15 at dawn, the British launch a surprise attack on
Signal Hill

18. › The surprise worked and the French were defeated easily
› With this position fortified St. John’s was ceded by the
French 3 days later
› This was the final battle of the Seven Year’s War in the
Americas

19. › The Treaty of Paris was signed Feb. 10, 1763
› England gained all the French territory in
Canada and east of the Mississippi
› French settlements in Quebec were given rights
to remain as a distinct society
› This formed the basis for Quebec’s special
position today

20. New France

22. › What did the British think
about the First Nations after
the conquest?
› Who was Chief Pontiac?
› What did the First Nations
receive from the Royal
Proclamation?

25. › Britain
– Controls most of North America
– Controls 70,000 French citizens
– Deeply in debt
› 57 Billion Dollars modern money

26. 1. Deport
2. Assimilate
3. Leave Alone

27. › Remove from Canada
› Challenge –more people in
Canada than Acadia

28. 12,000
70,000

29. › Make one culture into another
– Bring in British laws
– Restrict French culture
– Hope French will convert
› Very Ethnocentric

30. › Allow French to continue
way of life
– Stay on land
– Keep culture and traditions

32. › Break into 3 Groups
› Come up with arguments for
assigned position:
› Deport
› Assimilate
› Leave Alone
› Argue for your position

33. › Remember:
– Britain wants the cheapest
solution
– Britain wants the safest
solution
› No rebellions
› No one supports France in war

34. › Form a Group of 3, made up of:
› 30 Sec Argument:
› 30 Sec Argument:
› 30 Sec Argument:
› Open debate

37. › Made the Royal Proclamation
– Introduce British law and
government
– Banned Catholics from government
– Encourage people from 13 Colonies
to come to Canada

38. › French refuse to become British
– keep culture
› British colonists refuse to live in
Quebec
› British fear French rebellion

42. › With your table groups,
using your notes and
pg. 163 discuss:
› Who got the better deal
out of the Royal
Proclamation: French or
First Nations?

43. › Read the three comments on
pg. 165
› Decide: Who was responsible
for making each comment?

44. › What was the Seven Years
War?
› What was the outcome of
the Seven Years War?
› How did the Seven Years
War affect Canada?

45. › Pros:
– No threats from colonists
– More land for British
› Cons:
– Lots of French colonists
– Need to use army - cost lots
to remove

46. › Pros:
– Cheap – no army needed
– Get more colonists
› Cons:
– French do not want to become
British
– Might rebel

47. › Pros:
– Happy - Less likely to rebel
– Cheap – no army
› Cons:
– May not be loyal
– May support France in war