Atlantic Slave Trade - anti abolitionists
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Pro-slavery groups campaigned against abolition in several ways: 1) They argued that ending slavery would be economically harmful as it would cost Britain tax money and jobs in industries like sugar that relied on slave labor. 2) They claimed Britain needed the money from slavery to fund wars against France and that naval expertise from slave ships and shipbuilding strengthened Britain's military. 3) Anti-abolitionists asserted that slavery was justified by arguing Africans were inferior and that slaves were better off as Christians in bondage. 4) Groups supporting the continuation of slavery sent petitions to Parliament, published pamphlets promoting the same arguments, and sometimes bribed MPs to oppose ending the slave trade.
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Atlantic Slave Trade - the impact of slavery on britain
The document outlines seven main ways that Britain benefitted from its involvement in the slave trade:
1. Money and taxes - The slave trade generated wealth for many individuals and significant tax revenue for the government.
2. Access to goods - Slavery made goods produced by slave labor, like sugar and coffee, cheaper and more accessible in Britain.
3. More jobs - The slave trade created jobs in industries like shipbuilding and sailing, as well as jobs in the Caribbean and jobs supported by the profits of slavery.
Atlantic Slave Trade - british cities and people
Many British cities and merchants benefited greatly from the Atlantic slave trade. Bristol, London, Glasgow, Manchester, and Liverpool saw economic growth and development due to slavery. Slave ships left from ports in these cities, creating jobs in dockyards. Merchants grew wealthy trading slaves or goods made by slaves, investing profits into buildings and industries. The slave trade financed sectors like sugar refining in Bristol, banking and shipping in London, cloth mills in Manchester dependent on slave-grown cotton, and shipbuilding and warehouses in Liverpool, the main British port for slave ships. Individual merchants also amassed fortunes, like Thomas Leyland of Liverpool who fiercely opposed abolishing slavery.
Atlantic Slave Trade unit summary
This document outlines key aspects of the Atlantic slave trade between 1770 and 1807, including the impact of slavery on Africa and West Indian plantations, the organization and triangular nature of the trade, slave experiences, Britain's role in the Caribbean, and the abolitionist campaigns that ultimately led to the abolition of the slave trade. It discusses topics like slave factories, the Middle Passage, the influence of Britain in the Caribbean and on the British economy, living conditions for slaves on plantations, resistance and punishment of slaves, and the origins and methods of the abolitionist movement.
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Atlantic Slave Trade - why did slavery start
Slavery started because there was increasing demand for sugar but not enough workers to produce it. Africans were taken as slaves to grow sugar in the Americas as they were more resistant to European diseases than native tribes. This forced transportation of slaves from Africa to the Americas to support the sugar industry became known as the Triangular Trade due to the three stages of the journey: goods to Africa, slaves to Americas, produced goods from Americas to Europe.
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1) Early contact between Europeans and West Africans involved small trading stations along the coast where goods like gold, ivory, and spices were exchanged. Slavery began as Europeans sought labor for colonies in the Americas.
2) The triangular slave trade emerged, transporting over 60,000 Africans per year in cramped conditions on ships to be sold into slavery in the Americas. This generated huge profits but caused massive social disruption in Africa.
3) The slave trade had long lasting effects on African societies through population loss, wars, weakened communities, and cultural diffusion as Africans worked to preserve their identity under slavery. Abolition movements in Europe and America ended the Atlantic slave trade by the 1800s.
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1. Chartered companies like the Dutch West India Company established sugar plantations in colonies like Brazil, shipping slaves to work the plantations and making huge profits for stockholders.
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2. Access to goods - Slavery made goods produced by slave labor, like sugar and coffee, cheaper and more accessible in Britain.
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Many British cities and merchants benefited greatly from the Atlantic slave trade. Bristol, London, Glasgow, Manchester, and Liverpool saw economic growth and development due to slavery. Slave ships left from ports in these cities, creating jobs in dockyards. Merchants grew wealthy trading slaves or goods made by slaves, investing profits into buildings and industries. The slave trade financed sectors like sugar refining in Bristol, banking and shipping in London, cloth mills in Manchester dependent on slave-grown cotton, and shipbuilding and warehouses in Liverpool, the main British port for slave ships. Individual merchants also amassed fortunes, like Thomas Leyland of Liverpool who fiercely opposed abolishing slavery.
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This document outlines key aspects of the Atlantic slave trade between 1770 and 1807, including the impact of slavery on Africa and West Indian plantations, the organization and triangular nature of the trade, slave experiences, Britain's role in the Caribbean, and the abolitionist campaigns that ultimately led to the abolition of the slave trade. It discusses topics like slave factories, the Middle Passage, the influence of Britain in the Caribbean and on the British economy, living conditions for slaves on plantations, resistance and punishment of slaves, and the origins and methods of the abolitionist movement.
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Slavery started because there was increasing demand for sugar but not enough workers to produce it. Africans were taken as slaves to grow sugar in the Americas as they were more resistant to European diseases than native tribes. This forced transportation of slaves from Africa to the Americas to support the sugar industry became known as the Triangular Trade due to the three stages of the journey: goods to Africa, slaves to Americas, produced goods from Americas to Europe.
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1) Early contact between Europeans and West Africans involved small trading stations along the coast where goods like gold, ivory, and spices were exchanged. Slavery began as Europeans sought labor for colonies in the Americas.
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Imperialism in the 1800s resulted from nationalism driving European nations to build empires, the Industrial Revolution creating demand for raw materials and expanded markets, and feelings of racial and cultural superiority inspiring Europeans to impose their cultures on other lands. Key factors promoting imperialism included nationalism, the demand for resources from industrialization, and a sense of cultural superiority among Europeans. Imperialism allowed European nations to gain political and economic control over much of Africa and Asia in the late 1800s.
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1. Chartered companies like the Dutch West India Company established sugar plantations in colonies like Brazil, shipping slaves to work the plantations and making huge profits for stockholders.
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3) New France grew slowly due to its system of seigneurial land grants and the Company of One Hundred Associates' focus on the fur trade over settlement.
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As European demand for sugar and other crops from the Americas increased, they established vast plantations that required immense amounts of labor. They turned to Africa to meet this need, launching the transatlantic slave trade between the 15th-18th centuries where they forcibly transported over 12 million Africans to the Americas to work on these plantations under horrific conditions. The establishment of the plantations and slave trade had profound social and economic impacts throughout Africa, the Americas, and Europe for centuries.
Understanding the Transatlantic Slave Trade
The transatlantic slave trade had complex origins from both Europe and Africa's role in the demand and supply of slaves. Portugal first imported African slaves in the 15th century for labor needs. This grew into a triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Enslaved Africans endured horrific conditions during the Middle Passage voyage where overcrowding and disease were rampant. The slave trade was eventually abolished in the early 19th century due to growing abolition movements, slave rebellions like Haiti, and laws banning the slave trade. However, the legacy of the slave trade continues to impact societies through issues like racism and unequal development.
Atlantic slave trade
The document summarizes the history of slavery in Africa and the Atlantic slave trade. It describes how slavery existed in Africa prior to European contact, with slaves typically being war captives with no rights. The slave trade expanded dramatically with the arrival of Europeans due to demand for slaves in the Americas. Slaves were captured through raids and wars, transported in inhumane conditions where many died, and then sold at auctions and used as labor on plantations. Over 12 million Africans were ultimately transported through this system, devastating Africa's population and economy.
Cold War Flashpoints - Poland
The Soviet Union wanted control of Poland after World War 2 to prevent further invasions through Polish territory and to act as a buffer between Russia and Western Europe. They promised free elections but eventually forced Poland to become a communist country, angering the United States who wanted the Poles to have self-determination. Polish workers protested in 1956 seeking independence, which temporarily gave them more freedom before communism tightened its grip again.
Wemar Germany - the end of hyperinflation
The document discusses Germany's hyperinflation crisis in the early 1920s and the steps taken to end it. In 1923, Gustav Stresemann became Chancellor and ended resistance to the occupation of the Ruhr. That November, the Reichsbank mark was replaced with the stable Rentenmark currency, which removed 12 zeroes from prices and ended the crisis. In 1924, the permanent Reichsmark currency was introduced at the same value as the Rentenmark. While both currencies remained in use until 1948, the hyperinflation crisis undermined faith in democracy and encouraged the rise of extremist political parties in Germany.
Changing Cold War Relations - revolution in europe
Revolutions swept across Eastern Europe in 1989, ending communist rule. Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union reduced control over Eastern Europe and emboldened opposition groups. In Poland, the Solidarity movement's success in elections marked the end of communist rule. Inspired by Poland, Hungary and East Germany saw major reforms and protests against their communist governments. By the end of 1989, communist governments had fallen across Eastern Europe, and pro-Soviet governments no longer existed. The Soviet Union itself dissolved in 1991 amid economic problems and demands for change, bringing an official end to the Cold War.
Extent of support for German nationalism opponents
The ruling classes and monarchies in the German states opposed nationalism and unification because it threatened their power and influence. As the ruling elites who controlled the political and military institutions, they worried a united Germany would diminish their control over their individual territories. While some monarchs were open to reforms, like Frederick William IV of Prussia, they ultimately resisted changes that could undermine their authority.
Atlantic Slave Trade - abolitionists
The document discusses the campaign against the slave trade in Britain. It notes that the slave trade was opposed by many for moral, religious, and economic reasons. Various tactics were used to end the trade, including forming abolitionist groups, publishing literature, public meetings, boycotts, and legal challenges. Key figures who fought for the abolition of the slave trade included William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson, Olaudah Equiano, John Newton, Hannah More, and Granville Sharp.
Wemar Germany - challenges from the left
This page examines the different challenges that the Weimar Republic faced from left-wing groups between 1919 and 1923.
2. currency reform and the dawes plan
This page examines the reforms made to Germany's currency after the hyperinflation crisis, and also the Dawes and Young Plans regarding World War One reparations.
Nazi germany - power of the terror apparatus
The Nazis established totalitarian control over Germany through both coercion and popular support. They passed laws like the Reichstag Fire Decree and Enabling Act to consolidate power, banned opposing political parties, and used the SS and Gestapo secret police to crush dissent through intimidation, violence and mass arrests. However, the Nazis also cultivated support by improving the economy, appealing to German nationalism, and controlling information. While some Germans opposed the Nazis or passively resisted out of fear, many actively supported Nazi policies and actions. Historians disagree on whether popular consent or fear of state repression was the primary source of Nazi domination in Germany.
Weimar Germany - Stresemann - good european, good german or both
This page examines the debate about Gustav Stresemann: was his main aim to help Europe or Germany or both?
Collapse of the Weimar Republic - hitler's leadership of the nazis
Hitler joined the German Workers' Party in 1919 and helped transform it into the Nazi Party. He became the leader of the party in 1921 after nearly causing a split by threatening to resign. Hitler realized the importance of propaganda and imagery in winning support, designing the swastika logo and introducing the Nazi salute. He was a charismatic speaker who helped the Nazis gain popularity through their message and organized structure, ultimately becoming Chancellor in 1933.
Consolidation of Nazi Power - gleichschaltung of fronts and party organisations
When Hitler became Chancellor, he initiated a process called Gleichschaltung to take control of all aspects of German society by merging key organizations with the Nazi Party. Numerous organizations like the Hitler Youth and trade unions became compulsory groups that all Germans had to join. The Nazis also sought to control information through the Propaganda Ministry and influencing newspapers. They dissolved state governments and gave control to Reich Governors, consolidating their domination over Germany.
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THE HISTORY OF SLAVERY IN AMERICA: AN INTERACTIVE MULTI-MEDIA TUTORIAL RBG St...
THE HISTORY OF SLAVERY IN AMERICA: AN INTERACTIVE MULTI-MEDIA TUTORIAL RBG St...
CAPE HISTORY UNIT ONE Final dismantlement of slave systems, 1807 1886 nn
CAPE HISTORY UNIT ONE Final dismantlement of slave systems, 1807 1886 nn
Changing Cold War Relations - revolution in europe
Changing Cold War Relations - revolution in europe
Extent of support for German nationalism opponents
Extent of support for German nationalism opponents
Weimar Germany - Stresemann - good european, good german or both
Weimar Germany - Stresemann - good european, good german or both
Collapse of the Weimar Republic - hitler's leadership of the nazis
Collapse of the Weimar Republic - hitler's leadership of the nazis
Consolidation of Nazi Power - gleichschaltung of fronts and party organisations
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Similar to Atlantic Slave Trade - anti abolitionists
Atlantic Slave Trade - why was the slave trade abolished?
Parliamentary campaigns led by William Wilberforce, public opinion swayed by abolitionist writings and speeches from former slaves, and economic factors like cheaper sugar from India and slave rebellions contributed to Great Britain abolishing the slave trade in 1807, though slavery itself in British colonies continued until being outlawed in 1833.
Chapter 12 The Abolition of SlaveryThe United States abolished .docx
Chapter 12: The Abolition of Slavery
The United States abolished slavery through the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865, in the aftermath of a great Civil War. But the effort to abolish slavery did not begin nor end in North America. Emancipation in the United States was part of a worldwide antislavery movement that had begun in the late eighteenth century and continued through the end of the nineteenth.
The end of slavery, like the end of monarchies and aristocracies, was one of the ideals of the Enlightenment, which inspired new concepts of individual freedom and political equality. As Enlightenment ideas spread throughout the western world in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, introducing the idea of human rights and individual liberty to the concept of civilization, people on both sides of the Atlantic began to examine slavery anew and to ask whether it was compatible with these new ideas. Some Enlightenment thinkers, including some of the founders of the American Republic, believed that freedom was appropriate for white people, but not for people of color. But others came to believe that all human beings had an equal claim to liberty and their views became the basis for an escalating series of antislavery movements.
Opponents of slavery first targeted the slave trade--the vast commerce in human beings that had grown up in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and had come to involve large parts of Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and North and South America. In the aftermath of the revolutions in America, France, and Haiti in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the attack on the slave trade quickly gained momentum. Its central figure was the English reformer William Wilberforce, who spent years attacking Britain's connection with the slave trade. He argued against it on moral and religious grounds, and eventually, after the Haitian revolution, he argued as well that the continuation of slavery would create more slave revolts. In 1807, he persuaded Parliament to pass a law ending the slave trade within the entire British empire. The British example--when combined with heavy political, economic, and even military pressure from London--persuaded many other nations to make the slave trade illegal as well: the United States in 1808, France in 1814, Holland in 1817, Spain in 1845. Trading in slaves continued within countries and colonies where slavery remained legal (including in the United States), and some illegal slave trading continued throughout the Atlantic world. But the sale of slaves steadily declined after 1807. The last known shipment of slaves across the Atlantic--from Africa to Cuba--occurred in 1867.
Ending the slave trade was a great deal easier than ending slavery itself, in which many people had major investments and on which much agriculture, commerce, and industry depended. But pressure to abolish slavery grew steadily throughout the nineteenth century, with Wilberforce once more helping.
Answer d222
Slavery was abolished in 1833 for both humanitarian and economic reasons. White middle class campaigners like Granville Sharp and William Wilberforce argued that slavery violated Christian teachings and was cruel. They collected petitions signed by over a million people calling for abolition. Working class citizens also campaigned against slavery and signed petitions. Meanwhile, slaves rebelled and demanded freedom, with rebellions in places like Haiti leading to the end of slavery there. Plantation owners also faced economic problems as sugar from other countries became cheaper to produce than sugar from slave plantations in the West Indies. Together, these humanitarian, economic and slave resistance factors led Parliament to abolish the slave trade in 1807 and finally end slavery in 1833
Eric williams slides
Dr. Eric Williams' influential work Capitalism and Slavery argued that slavery was abolished due to economic factors rather than humanitarian ones. Specifically, Williams claimed that major British industries no longer profited from slavery and the slave trade and instead supported abolition to transition to a capitalist, free trade system without the preferential treatment of colonies. However, others have challenged Williams' decline thesis and argued that the slave trade continued to be economically important when abolition occurred. Abolition was likely due to a combination of economic, intellectual, cultural, and humanitarian factors, as well as changes in parliamentary politics and international context.
Colonies
The document discusses the British government's interest in colonizing the New World, including establishing colonies for land, power, raw materials, and tax revenue. It describes how the British created a colonial empire through joint-stock companies and granting land to colonists. Key colonies discussed are Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims in 1620. The relationship between Britain and its colonies gradually became strained due to taxes imposed after the French and Indian War, leading to protests and the American Revolution.
Speeches In The Revolutionary War
The document discusses speeches given during the Revolutionary War that were meant to encourage colonists to fight for independence from Britain. It describes how leaders like Thomas Paine, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Patrick Henry gave rousing speeches emphasizing the ideas of liberty and arguing that the colonists were being treated like slaves under British rule. Their speeches were intended to inspire and persuade others to take a stand against British tyranny. The document also mentions that these leaders were willing to sacrifice their careers and lives to fight for what they believed in.
Popular pressure or economic reality what was the reason for the abolition of...
Popular pressure or economic reality what was the reason for the abolition of...Emily Lees-Fitzgibbon
The document discusses the reasons for the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. It presents two opposing views: 1) popular pressure and moral arguments led by figures like William Wilberforce were responsible, and 2) economic factors, as argued by Eric Williams, were the main driver as slavery became unprofitable within a capitalist system. While Wilberforce and the abolition movement helped pass abolition acts, slavery continued economically. A shift to industrial capitalism made slavery incompatible, though Williams overstated declining profits. Both moral and economic reasons likely contributed to abolition.The America Revolution and its aftermath
The document summarizes the key events of the American Revolution. It describes how the 13 American colonies were established by England for trade and settlement. Tensions grew as England imposed taxes to repay war debts without colonial representation. This led colonists to protest with events like the Boston Tea Party. In response, England passed the Intolerable Acts, further angering colonists and leading to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. With help from France, the colonists were able to declare independence and defeat the British with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
Slavery and Emancipation in Belize and the Caribbean
The document outlines the history of slavery and emancipation in the Caribbean and Belize. It discusses the rise of slavery beginning in the 15th century and key events that led to its abolition such as the American and French Revolutions in the late 18th century. The emancipation movement gained significance due to religious and humanitarian factors. Slavery was formally abolished in the British Empire in 1833.
The stamp act and quartering act (1)
1) After the French and Indian War, Britain imposed taxes on the American colonies through acts like the Stamp Act and Quartering Act to raise money to pay off war debts.
2) The Stamp Act in particular outraged colonists by taxing all printed materials, and they protested with slogans like "no taxation without representation" since they lacked representation in British parliament.
3) Colonists responded to these taxes through boycotts organized by groups like the Sons of Liberty and sometimes violent protests, which ultimately led Britain to repeal the Stamp Act in 1766.
The stamp act and quartering act
1) After the French and Indian War, Britain imposed taxes on the American colonies through acts like the Stamp Act and Quartering Act to raise money to pay off war debts.
2) The Stamp Act in particular outraged colonists by taxing all printed materials, and they protested with slogans like "no taxation without representation" since they lacked representation in British parliament.
3) Colonists organized boycotts through groups like the Sons of Liberty and sometimes turned to violence against tax collectors. Parliament eventually repealed the Stamp Act in 1766 amid the colonial backlash.
Opening of the Colonies
From Columbus, Mercantilism, the Navigation Acts, Triangular Trade and the first British settlements, this is an overview of the first unit.
Running HeadThe American Revolution is also known as the Amer.docx
Running Head:
The American Revolution is also known as the American revolutionary war and the American war of independence. It took place between the years 1775 - 1783. There are several political, economic and cultural factors that led to the revolution as discussed below.
Among the political factors, first there the tightening of the control over the colonies by the British after the French and Indian wars. This was done through a number of government policies and legislations such as: the proclamation of 1763 that forbade colonists moving westwards past the Appalachian mountain; the Stamp act of 1765 which taxed all kinds of printed paper; and the Townshend Act which taxed tea, glass, paint among others.
The other political factor was the Boston massacre of 1770 which involved the killing of five colonists and wounding several others by the British soldiers. The guilty soldiers were punished by only burning their thumbs, a punishment viewed by the colonists as too light thus generating more anger and resentment by the colonists.
The Boston tea party of 1773 led by Paul Revere was also a significant political factor. It involved a group of colonists throwing over 90,000 pounds of tea into the water in protest of the tea Act that granted the British East India Company tea trade monopoly.
The hiring of the Hessians soldiers from Germany known for their brutality and cruelty by King George in 1775 further ignited the revolution as the colonists now felt they had to organize and defend themselves from the Hessians in addition to the British troops. Thomas Paine in 1776 in his book ‘Common Sense’ encouraged Americans to fight for their independence. The book claimed that all monarchies, England inclusive were bad and that Americans should be free to form their own government. All these revolutions were successful and the declaration of independence that declared the thirteen colonies as Free states.
The economic factors also led to disgruntlement especially among the colonists from the business community thus leading to the revolution. First, mercantilism where the colonies were seen as important sources of raw materials to Britain led to discontentment hence rebellion.Legislations such as the navigation act of 1651 and the molasses act of 1773 which banned imports and exports from foreign countries and forced colonists to purchase expensive products from the British caused uneasiness among the American colonists.
Coercive Acts such as the Quartering act that required towns to cater for the needs of the British troops with their money made the colonists feel the economic pinch. In addition, the British troops took odd jobs after work hours competing with unemployed colonists for jobs. Legislations such as the Tea crisis act that imposed huge taxes on the colonists goods while allowing the British preferred goods tax free made it hard for the colonists trader's goods to compete with the cheap tax free goods from the British hence frustrations.
C.
THE 19TH CENTURY.pptx
This document summarizes key social, political, and economic reforms and developments that occurred in Britain during the 19th century, including:
- Workers united to put forward the People's Charter in 1838 demanding voting rights for all adults.
- The railway system expanded to transport passengers, not just goods.
- The middle class grew significantly in size and diversity of occupations.
- Social and political reforms transformed Britain over the century, changing it almost beyond recognition.
Revolutionary war
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Revolution:
1. Tensions rose between the British and colonists after costly wars and new taxes like the Stamp Act and Tea Act with "no taxation without representation."
2. Acts of protest like the Boston Tea Party were met with British retaliation through coercive acts closing Boston harbor.
3. The First Continental Congress met to discuss problems but Britain did not change, so the Second Continental Congress formed the Continental Army and moved toward independence.
4. Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" pamphlet and Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence formally declared separation from Britain, starting the Revolutionary War.
American revolution powerpoint
It's about how the revolution happened and the causes after the revolution to the colonists and the British.
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Atlantic Slave Trade - anti abolitionists
- 3. LEARNING INTENTIONS • Describe arguments given in favour of the slave trade continuing • Describe ways that anti-abolitionists campaigned for slavery
- 4. Although some people in Britain opposed slavery, many other people wanted to see it continue. They believe it benefitted the country and so should not be abolished.
- 5. Many people in Britain supported the slave trade. This included merchants and politicians in cities which relied on money raised. It also included the King, British government and the Church of England.
- 6. Just like the abolition movement, those in favour of slavery had their own arguments. These arguments centred around money and also the power anti-abolitionists felt that slavery gave Britain.
- 7. Economic arguments Pro-slavery campaigners said that slavery had helped make a lot of tax money for Britain. Abolishing it would lose this. Rich individuals such as Thomas Leyland also opposed ending the trade.
- 8. Anti-abolitionist also argued that without slavery the sugar trade would collapse, meaning no sugar. They pointed that thousands of Britons had jobs which depended on slavery and they would be unemployed without it.
- 9. Military arguments Britain had a strong military because of the experience that sailors gained on slave ships, and also the expertise it gave in shipbuilding. Britain also needed slave money to fund the wars with France (from 1792).
- 10. Moral arguments Anti-abolitionists argued that Africans were inferior (not human), meaning slavery was justified in God’s eyes. They also claimed that slaves were happier living as Christians and were well treated.
- 11. Religious arguments The Church of England owned plantations in the Caribbean and so opposed the trade’s abolition. Some religious people argued that the Bible in fact allowed slavery to exist.
- 12. Those in favour of slavery campaigned in similar ways to the abolition movement. They set up campaign groups to oppose the end of slavery. Anti-abolitionists also sent petitions to parliament and gained support from MPs (sometimes through bribes).
- 13. Groups were set up in Africa and the Caribbean to argue for the continuation of slavery. They sent letters to newspapers and also suggested that British workers would be poorer and the country less safe without slavery. Pamphlets and leaflets were published using the same arguments.