1. The English in North America Victoria Herrera History 140 Online

3. Newfoundland was too cold and barren for year-round inhabitation

5. In England, the common people made up about 95% of the population

6. England was the wealthiest and most populous kingdom

7. Most English folk lived in country villages and tended livestock or cultivated grains

8. London became notorious for filth, poverty, plagues, fired, crime, and executions

11. Virginia Indians divided tasks almost exclusively along gender lines

13. The English considered the Indians lazy and benighted

15. The Virginia Company barley kept ahead of the continuing deaths at Jamestown

16. More and more colonists moved to Jamestown but disease and hunger kept killing them

17. Virginia’s nickname became “slaughterhouse”

19. Smith tried to bully the Indians into giving them corn

20. The English thought that only pain and terror could motivate the poor

22. Planters learned to raise tobacco in 1616

23. Tabaco's profits increased the value of indentured servants, which stimulated the flow of emigrants to Virginia

25. In 1676 Virginia erupted in rebellion

27. By 1668 Virginia had 62 Anglican churches

29. When tobacco sold low and English wages rose, servant emigration declined

30. Chesapeake emigrants were a subset of the many poor people moving around England in search of food and work

32. At mid-century freed servants more easily obtained farms because the 1646 victory over the Indians

34. The pay lavished on the elite came from taxes heaped upon the common planter

35. Rather than pay rent, many freedmen moved to the frontier, where they violently competed with the Indians

36. In 1675 war erupted between the settlers and the Susquehannock

39. Chesapeake planter increasingly turned to African slaves for their plantation labor

40. Anthony Johnson was the most successful and conspicuous black freedman

42. American ColoniesChapter 8New England THE GREAT MIGRATION Puritan emigrants followed French and English mariners, fishermen, and fur traders who had visited the New England coast In 1630 a large Puritan emigration, subsequently called the “Great Migration” began under the leadership of John Winthrop Later in the century, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire secured their own charters of government from the crown RELIGION AND PROFIT Many Puritans sought a distant refuge, where they could live apart from sinners Most English who had migrated across the Atlantic were already dead in Chesapeake or West Indian graves New England attracted an unusual set of emigrants New England lacked a profitable plantation crop

43. American ColoniesChapter 8New England LAND AND LABOR New England colonies granted land to men who banded together as a corporate group to found a town New England’s diversified farms were less prone to disrupt by the boom-and-bust price cycle The New English couldn’t afford servants or slaves so they depended on family labor FAMILY LIFE It took a family to cope with the diverse and constant demands of building and maintaining a farm in New England The New English thought of marriage as both romantic and economic Women played a leading role in oral circulation of news and opinion COMMERCE Termination of the Great Migration in 1640 produced an economic depression By developing the fishing trade the Puritans rescued the region’s economy Shipbuilding was a powerful engine of economic development and diversification