1. The document describes the morphological changes that occur in cells undergoing reversible injury, irreversible injury, necrosis, and apoptosis as observed by light and electron microscopy.
2. Key differences are noted between necrosis, which involves the uncontrolled digestion of cells and release of cellular contents, versus apoptosis, which is a tightly regulated form of programmed cell death where cells break into fragments that are phagocytosed without inflammation.
3. Examples are provided of physiological apoptosis during development and tissue remodeling, as well as pathological apoptosis resulting from DNA damage, misfolded proteins, viral infections, and organ atrophy.
This document summarizes different types of cell death including apoptosis and necrosis. It describes the morphology and causes of apoptosis and discusses examples of apoptosis occurring in physiological and pathological situations. It also discusses various mechanisms of intracellular accumulations including lipids, proteins, glycogen, and pigments. Finally, it outlines the morphology and patterns of cell injury and necrosis.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is an acute lung disease in newborns caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency, which tends to occur in preterm infants younger than 32 weeks gestational age. The incidence increases with lower gestational age and higher rates are seen in infants of diabetic mothers. Treatment involves oxygen therapy, ventilation support, and replacement of pulmonary surfactant to reduce mortality and complications like pneumothorax. Prevention strategies include antenatal corticosteroid therapy and prophylactic surfactant treatment.
El documento describe diferentes tipos de necrosis celular, incluyendo necrosis por coagulación, necrosis caseosa, y necrosis colicuativa o licuefactiva. Explica las características morfológicas, causas y procesos de cada tipo de necrosis. También cubre temas como apoptosis, autolisis, heterolisis, y las causas de muerte celular como hipoxia, agentes físicos, químicos y biológicos.
1. The document describes the morphological changes that occur in cells undergoing reversible injury, irreversible injury, necrosis, and apoptosis as observed by light and electron microscopy.
2. Key differences are noted between necrosis, which involves the uncontrolled digestion of cells and release of cellular contents, versus apoptosis, which is a tightly regulated form of programmed cell death where cells break into fragments that are phagocytosed without inflammation.
3. Examples are provided of physiological apoptosis during development and tissue remodeling, as well as pathological apoptosis resulting from DNA damage, misfolded proteins, viral infections, and organ atrophy.
This document summarizes different types of cell death including apoptosis and necrosis. It describes the morphology and causes of apoptosis and discusses examples of apoptosis occurring in physiological and pathological situations. It also discusses various mechanisms of intracellular accumulations including lipids, proteins, glycogen, and pigments. Finally, it outlines the morphology and patterns of cell injury and necrosis.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is an acute lung disease in newborns caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency, which tends to occur in preterm infants younger than 32 weeks gestational age. The incidence increases with lower gestational age and higher rates are seen in infants of diabetic mothers. Treatment involves oxygen therapy, ventilation support, and replacement of pulmonary surfactant to reduce mortality and complications like pneumothorax. Prevention strategies include antenatal corticosteroid therapy and prophylactic surfactant treatment.
El documento describe diferentes tipos de necrosis celular, incluyendo necrosis por coagulación, necrosis caseosa, y necrosis colicuativa o licuefactiva. Explica las características morfológicas, causas y procesos de cada tipo de necrosis. También cubre temas como apoptosis, autolisis, heterolisis, y las causas de muerte celular como hipoxia, agentes físicos, químicos y biológicos.