1. During the Vedic Age of Indian civilization, it is believed that after the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization some of the kinship groups and patriarchal families migrated into India. As some within the Aryas tribe (light-skinned) entered into the Ganges Valley, they encountered a struggle with the Dasas tribe (dark-skinned) but managed to force the tribe into southern India. The struggle between the tribes led to the development of the Varna class system. Under this system, people were born into one of the four Varna's: Brahmin was the class of priests and scholars; Kshatriya was warriors; Vaishya was merchants; and Shundra was peasants and laborers. The fifth group was the Untouchables; they were outside the system because of the nature of their work. The work was considered polluted as it dealt with dead things and cremations.   Now, the Varna was divided into groups and subdivided into jati's: order of hierarchy. Under the hierarchy, were complex rules that governed the different occupations, duties, and rituals of each Jati as a well as regulations concerning interaction between people of different Jati. The system served to assign occupations to the Varna and Jati in which each individual belongs; and the system separated the members of the different Varna and Jati into a system of purity and impurity. Purity restrictions occurred in the areas of marriage, drink, food and touch.   The system of Varna and Jati  lasted because many of the practices and attitudes were indoctrinated into the Hindu people, rules for social behavior, and the philosophy of reincarnation. The belief was every individual has an immortal spirit that will be reborn in another body after death and that body will be determined by karma in this and the previous life. The people believed that rebellion against caste expectations would result in a lower rebirth in the next life.   The United States is a nation of diverse cultures. People are classified as rich, middle class, or poor. The rich are considered well educated and highly paid professionals; the middle class are semi-professional and educated working middle class; and the poor are the working under class with very little to no education. Income is the most prominent indicator of class status, and education to occupation and income.   2.Yes, both routes originated for the purpose of trading. Both routes have harsh desert conditions. Silk road passes through the Tarim Basin. Trans-Saharan passes the Saharan desert. Both had famous outpost. Silk road had the Samarkand outpost and Trans-Saharan had the Timbuktu post. .

1. 1. During the Vedic Age of Indian civilization, it is believed
that after the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization some of
the kinship groups and patriarchal families migrated into India.
As some within the Aryas tribe (light-skinned) entered into the
Ganges Valley, they encountered a struggle with the Dasas tribe
(dark-skinned) but managed to force the tribe into southern
India. The struggle between the tribes led to the development of
the Varna class system. Under this system, people were born
into one of the four Varna's: Brahmin was the class of priests
and scholars; Kshatriya was warriors; Vaishya was merchants;
and Shundra was peasants and laborers. The fifth group was the
Untouchables; they were outside the system because of the
nature of their work. The work was considered polluted as it
dealt with dead things and cremations. Now, the Varna was
divided into groups and subdivided into jati's: order of
hierarchy. Under the hierarchy, were complex rules that
governed the different occupations, duties, and rituals of each
Jati as a well as regulations concerning interaction between
people of different Jati. The system served to assign
occupations to the Varna and Jati in which each individual
belongs; and the system separated the members of the different
Varna and Jati into a system of purity and impurity. Purity
restrictions occurred in the areas of marriage, drink, food and
touch. The system of Varna and Jati lasted because many of
the practices and attitudes were indoctrinated into the Hindu
people, rules for social behavior, and the philosophy of
reincarnation. The belief was every individual has an immortal
spirit that will be reborn in another body after death and that
body will be determined by karma in this and the previous life.
The people believed that rebellion against caste expectations
would result in a lower rebirth in the next life. The United
States is a nation of diverse cultures. People are classified as
rich, middle class, or poor. The rich are considered well

2. educated and highly paid professionals; the middle class are
semi-professional and educated working middle class; and the
poor are the working under class with very little to no
education. Income is the most prominent indicator of class
status, and education to occupation and income. 2.Yes, both
routes originated for the purpose of trading. Both routes have
harsh desert conditions. Silk road passes through the Tarim
Basin. Trans-Saharan passes the Saharan desert. Both had
famous outpost. Silk road had the Samarkand outpost and Trans-
Saharan had the Timbuktu post.