1. I think that the top three management positions in a health plan are Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Hospital Administrator and Chief of Nurses. The reason they rank over the rest is because their positions are compelling and crucial in the healthcare. The CEO position is the person who is responsible of management, organizing operations, planning, budgeting, negotiating contracts, studying financial reports. They are the ones in charge of the entire organization and it is imperative that they ensure that everything runs professionally and effectively. Then the Hospital Administrator position is the person responsible of making sure they are working promptly and effectively to generate and manage the budget, quality assurance policies and the hiring of physicians. Their job is also to be responsible in making sure they are up to date with all government regulations and law compliance and by not doing so it can cost them their job and cause fines to their organization. Last is the Chief of Nursing position is the person who is responsible of the overseeing of the nursing staff, they see the department’s budget, they must report to high level staff-members like the CEO, they maintain a high standard of care, review patients’ data and medical records to professionally relate and interact with physicians, patients and family members. You can tell by reading the responsibilities of these positions you realize how essential they are to the health plan and how every responsibility is meticulous to each position. Even though I picked these 3 as the top management position I still feel that all positions hold an important part in the health plan.
2. Healthcare industry offers many different opportunities in its field, working in this industry you have many choices where to choose from like for instance become a secretary to being an analyst or end up being a doctor. There is room to explore different careers and work closely with a variety of professionals. In this growing market the top three careers that would be more in demand would be Nurses, Physicians and Physical Therapists. There is a vast list of opportunities in health care that if you work with effort you will. As we all know nurses are every where and at all times even if the doctor's are not present. They make home visits to check on patient's health and keeping track of their health. Going through nursing is not a piece of cake there is a lot to be learn physically, emotionally and mentally. Becoming a physician is becoming less popular since there are so many other choices out there people see that becoming a physician is a lot of hassle and instead become something else. This career choice will be need in the next few years. Physical Therapy is my third option, with all this baby boomer community the demand for doctor's specially therapist will increase for at least 20% in the next few years. This generation of elderly community is more aware of their health and will seek more tre.
Carolina PolancoENC1102 R 1115 – 1230Professor Marlene Cueto.docxannandleola
Carolina Polanco
ENC1102 R 11:15 – 12:30
Professor Marlene Cueto
10/11/18
Works Cited
Ikebuchi, Emi, et al. “Does Improvement of Cognitive Functioning by Cognitive Remediation Therapy Effect Work Outcomes in Severe Mental Illness? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 71, no. 5, May 2017, p. 301. EBSCOhost, db16.linccweb.org/ login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=122859323&site=eds-live.
Libraries Broward College, https://libguides.broward.edu/mental_illness.
"Mental Disorders." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2018. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3010999277/OVIC?u= incclin_bwcc &sid=OVIC&xid=ce374872.
Pryce, Josephine. “An Evaluation of ‘Work’ for People with a Severe Persistent Mental Illness.” Employee Responsibilities & Rights Journal, vol. 25, no. 4, Dec. 2013, pp. 239–255. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s10672-013-9229-7.
Read, Halley, et al. “Early Intervention in Mental Health for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review.” American Journal of Occupational Therapy, vol. 72, no. 5, Sept. 2018, p. 1. EBSCOhost, db16.linccweb.org/ login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=edo&AN=131492817&site=eds-live
Yeh, Marie A., et al. “The Stigma of Mental Illness: Using Segmentation for Social Change.” Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, vol. 36, no. 1, Spring 2017, pp. 97–116. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1509/jppm.13.125.
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n a t u r a l l a w a n d
e n l i g h t e n m e n t c l a s s i c s
The Meditations
of the Emperor
Marcus Aurelius
Antoninus
Translated by Francis Hutcheson and James Moor
Edited and with an Introduction by James Moore
and Michael Silverthorne
The Collected Works and Correspondence
of Francis Hutcheson
l i b e r t y f u n d
Indianapolis
This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established
to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.
The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for
our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word
“freedom” (amagi ), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written
about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash.
Introduction, annotations, index � 2008 by Liberty Fund, Inc.
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frontispiece: Detail of a portrait of Francis Hutcheson by Allan Ramsay
(ca. 1740–45), oil on canvas. Reproduced courtesy of the Hunterian Art
Gallery, University of Glasgow.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 121–180.
[Meditations. English]
The meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius An.
Is The Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual Punishment EssaysTamara Jackson
Cruel and Unusual Punishment: the Death Penalty - PHDessay.com. DOC Cruel and Unusual Punishment and the Death Penalty: A brief .... Cruel and Unusual Punishment: The Death Penalty by Jae Velez. 001 Introduction To Death Penalty Essay Capital Punishment Thatsnotus. Death Penalty Argument Essay - BBC - Ethics - Capital Punishment .... ️ Death punishment essay. Argumentative Essay Death Penalty. 2019-01-25. The Death Penalty Persuasive Analysis fundacionhenrydunant.org. Facing the Death Penalty: Essays on a Cruel and Unusual Punishment .... PPT - The Death Penalty: Cruel and Unusual Punishment? PowerPoint .... Is the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment? Ft. Marc Hyden. Top Introduction To Death Penalty Essay Thatsnotus. Cruel and unusual punishment essay. Research Paper on Death Penalty Capital Punishment Murder. 007 Persuasive Essay About Death Penalty Capital Punishment L Thatsnotus. Bestessayservices.com: Criminal Justice Essay: Death Penalty is Cruel. Is the death penalty cruel and unusual. Cruel And Unusual : Death .... Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual Punishment Essay Telegraph. 009 Essay Example Death Penalty Essays Against The Capital Punishment .... 005 Introduction To Death Penalty Essay Essays On Capital Punishment L .... Is the Death Penalty Cruel and Unusual Punishment? Essay Example .... Persuasive Essay: Death penalty cruel and unusual punishment essay. Guess Knowledge Trivia: How Is The Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual .... PDF Cruel Choice: The Ethics and Morality of the Death Penalty. Essay on Death Penalty Capital Punishment Juvenile Delinquency. Cruel and Unusual Punishment Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... The Death Penalty as Cruel and Unusual Punishment Essay Example .... The Death Penalty: Cruel and Unusual Punishment?. Essay On Death Penalty PDF Capital Punishment Deterrence Legal. Death Penalty: Effective Method of Punishment for Murder - PHDessay.com. The Death Penalty is Cruel and Unusual Punishment Essay. The Death Penalty: When is It Considered Cruel and Unusual Punishment .... Death Penalty - GCSE Law - Marked by Teachers.com Is The Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual Punishment Essays Is The Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual Punishment Essays
Persuasive Speech Essay. . School essay: Persuasive essay topisMelissa Otero
50 Free Persuasive Essay Examples (+BEST Topics) ᐅ TemplateLab. Good persuasive essay topics for middle school. Persuasive, as well as .... Sample Persuasive Speech Powerpoint : Defining a Persuasive Speech. Speech to Persuade. 10 Amazing Persuasive Speech Ideas For College 2023. Example Of Persuasive Speech / Paragraph paper. How to Write a Good .... Persuasive Speech Example | Template Business. 10 Great Topic Ideas For Persuasive Speeches 2024. Persuasive Speech Examples - download free documents for PDF, Word and .... Persuasive Speech Essay Examples – Telegraph. School essay: Persuasive essay topis. 100 Persuasive Speech Topics for Students.
Nutrition Essay. Aspects of Human Nutrition Essay Example Topics and Well Wr...Amie Campbell
The Importance of Nutrition Free Essay Example. Essay " introduction to nutrition is about the paleo diet - NUTRITION .... Nutrition, Structure and Function of Seven Parts of Digestive System .... Nutrition Essay. personal nutrition essay. Personal Nutrition Essay — Improving your diet. Food nutrition and health essays. Importance of Health and Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well .... Nutrition Essay | Essay on Nutrition for Students and Children in .... Exercise and Nutrition Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Personal Nutrition Essay : An International Publication for Nutrition .... Essay about diet and nutrition. Human Nutrition - Benefits of a Healthy Diet Essay Example | Topics and .... Nutrition Assignment Free Essay Example. Why nutrition is important. Nutrition Month Essay 2017. Personal Nutrition Essay - — Essay Writing About Nutrition 2019. Aspects of Human Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Human Nutrition Essay | PDF. foundations of nutrition essay | Dietary Fiber | Nutritio
Daniel Dennett - Teach Our Children Well
http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/daniel_c_dennett/2007/03/teach_our_children_well.html
Daniel C. Dennett, Co-Director, Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University. He is the
Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, and Co-Director of the Center for Cognitive
Studies, at Tufts University. His most recent book was "Breaking the Spell" (2006)
***
In my recent book, Breaking the Spell,, I argued for compulsory education about world
religions in all schools, public, private and home schoolers. This is what I said:
“Maybe people everywhere can be trusted, and hence allowed to make their own informed
choices. Informed choice! What an amazing and revolutionary idea! Maybe people should
be trusted to make choices, not to make the choices we would recommend to them,
necessarily, but the choices that have the best chance of satisfying their considered goals.
"But what do we teach them until they are informed enough and mature enough to decide
for themselves? We teach them about all the world’s religions, in a matter-of-fact,
historically and biologically informed way, the same way we teach them about geography
and history and arithmetic.
"Let’s get more education about religion into our schools, not less. We should teach our
children creeds and customs, prohibitions and rituals, the texts and music, and when we
cover the history of religion, we should include both the positive – the role of the churches
in the civil rights movement of the 1960's, the flourishing of science and the arts in early
Islam, and the role of the Black Muslims in bringing hope, honor and self-respect to the
otherwise shattered lives of many inmates in our prisons, for instance–and the negative –
the Inquisition, anti-Semitism over the ages, the role of the Catholic Church in spreading
AIDS in Africa through its opposition to condoms.
"No religion should be favored, and none ignored. And as we discover more and more
about the biological and psychological bases of religious practices and attitudes, these
discoveries should be added to the curriculum, the same way we update our education
about science, health, and current events. This should all be part of the mandated
curriculum for both public schools and for home-schooling.
"Here’s a proposal, then: As long as parents don’t teach their children anything that is
likely to close their minds -- through fear or hatred or by disabling them from inquiry (by
denying them an education, for instance, or keeping them entirely isolated from the world)
then they may teach their children whatever religious doctrines they like.
"It’s just an idea, and perhaps there are better ones to consider, but it should appeal to
freedom-lovers everywhere: the idea of insisting that the devout of all faiths should face
the challenge of making sure their creed is worthy enough, attractive and plausible and
meaningful enough, to withstand the temptations o ...
How to Write a 5 Paragraph Essay: Guide for Students. Five paragraph essay example. 5 Paragraph Essay: How To Write, Tips, Format, Examples & Guide .... Excellent 5 Paragraph Essay Example College ~ Thatsnotus. 5 Paragraph Essay Example On Quotes. QuotesGram. Five paragraph essays. Love and Hate for the 5-Paragraph Essay | The Educators Room. Writing 5 Paragraph Essay 8th Grade - How to Write a Good Five .... Sample Five Paragraph Essay | Paragraph | Essays. Magnificent How To Write 5 Paragraph Essay ~ Thatsnotus. the five paragraphs of an argument paper.
Carolina PolancoENC1102 R 1115 – 1230Professor Marlene Cueto.docxannandleola
Carolina Polanco
ENC1102 R 11:15 – 12:30
Professor Marlene Cueto
10/11/18
Works Cited
Ikebuchi, Emi, et al. “Does Improvement of Cognitive Functioning by Cognitive Remediation Therapy Effect Work Outcomes in Severe Mental Illness? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 71, no. 5, May 2017, p. 301. EBSCOhost, db16.linccweb.org/ login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=122859323&site=eds-live.
Libraries Broward College, https://libguides.broward.edu/mental_illness.
"Mental Disorders." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2018. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3010999277/OVIC?u= incclin_bwcc &sid=OVIC&xid=ce374872.
Pryce, Josephine. “An Evaluation of ‘Work’ for People with a Severe Persistent Mental Illness.” Employee Responsibilities & Rights Journal, vol. 25, no. 4, Dec. 2013, pp. 239–255. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s10672-013-9229-7.
Read, Halley, et al. “Early Intervention in Mental Health for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review.” American Journal of Occupational Therapy, vol. 72, no. 5, Sept. 2018, p. 1. EBSCOhost, db16.linccweb.org/ login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=edo&AN=131492817&site=eds-live
Yeh, Marie A., et al. “The Stigma of Mental Illness: Using Segmentation for Social Change.” Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, vol. 36, no. 1, Spring 2017, pp. 97–116. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1509/jppm.13.125.
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i i
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
n a t u r a l l a w a n d
e n l i g h t e n m e n t c l a s s i c s
The Meditations
of the Emperor
Marcus Aurelius
Antoninus
Translated by Francis Hutcheson and James Moor
Edited and with an Introduction by James Moore
and Michael Silverthorne
The Collected Works and Correspondence
of Francis Hutcheson
l i b e r t y f u n d
Indianapolis
This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established
to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.
The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for
our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word
“freedom” (amagi ), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written
about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash.
Introduction, annotations, index � 2008 by Liberty Fund, Inc.
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frontispiece: Detail of a portrait of Francis Hutcheson by Allan Ramsay
(ca. 1740–45), oil on canvas. Reproduced courtesy of the Hunterian Art
Gallery, University of Glasgow.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 121–180.
[Meditations. English]
The meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius An.
Is The Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual Punishment EssaysTamara Jackson
Cruel and Unusual Punishment: the Death Penalty - PHDessay.com. DOC Cruel and Unusual Punishment and the Death Penalty: A brief .... Cruel and Unusual Punishment: The Death Penalty by Jae Velez. 001 Introduction To Death Penalty Essay Capital Punishment Thatsnotus. Death Penalty Argument Essay - BBC - Ethics - Capital Punishment .... ️ Death punishment essay. Argumentative Essay Death Penalty. 2019-01-25. The Death Penalty Persuasive Analysis fundacionhenrydunant.org. Facing the Death Penalty: Essays on a Cruel and Unusual Punishment .... PPT - The Death Penalty: Cruel and Unusual Punishment? PowerPoint .... Is the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment? Ft. Marc Hyden. Top Introduction To Death Penalty Essay Thatsnotus. Cruel and unusual punishment essay. Research Paper on Death Penalty Capital Punishment Murder. 007 Persuasive Essay About Death Penalty Capital Punishment L Thatsnotus. Bestessayservices.com: Criminal Justice Essay: Death Penalty is Cruel. Is the death penalty cruel and unusual. Cruel And Unusual : Death .... Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual Punishment Essay Telegraph. 009 Essay Example Death Penalty Essays Against The Capital Punishment .... 005 Introduction To Death Penalty Essay Essays On Capital Punishment L .... Is the Death Penalty Cruel and Unusual Punishment? Essay Example .... Persuasive Essay: Death penalty cruel and unusual punishment essay. Guess Knowledge Trivia: How Is The Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual .... PDF Cruel Choice: The Ethics and Morality of the Death Penalty. Essay on Death Penalty Capital Punishment Juvenile Delinquency. Cruel and Unusual Punishment Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... The Death Penalty as Cruel and Unusual Punishment Essay Example .... The Death Penalty: Cruel and Unusual Punishment?. Essay On Death Penalty PDF Capital Punishment Deterrence Legal. Death Penalty: Effective Method of Punishment for Murder - PHDessay.com. The Death Penalty is Cruel and Unusual Punishment Essay. The Death Penalty: When is It Considered Cruel and Unusual Punishment .... Death Penalty - GCSE Law - Marked by Teachers.com Is The Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual Punishment Essays Is The Death Penalty Cruel And Unusual Punishment Essays
Persuasive Speech Essay. . School essay: Persuasive essay topisMelissa Otero
50 Free Persuasive Essay Examples (+BEST Topics) ᐅ TemplateLab. Good persuasive essay topics for middle school. Persuasive, as well as .... Sample Persuasive Speech Powerpoint : Defining a Persuasive Speech. Speech to Persuade. 10 Amazing Persuasive Speech Ideas For College 2023. Example Of Persuasive Speech / Paragraph paper. How to Write a Good .... Persuasive Speech Example | Template Business. 10 Great Topic Ideas For Persuasive Speeches 2024. Persuasive Speech Examples - download free documents for PDF, Word and .... Persuasive Speech Essay Examples – Telegraph. School essay: Persuasive essay topis. 100 Persuasive Speech Topics for Students.
Nutrition Essay. Aspects of Human Nutrition Essay Example Topics and Well Wr...Amie Campbell
The Importance of Nutrition Free Essay Example. Essay " introduction to nutrition is about the paleo diet - NUTRITION .... Nutrition, Structure and Function of Seven Parts of Digestive System .... Nutrition Essay. personal nutrition essay. Personal Nutrition Essay — Improving your diet. Food nutrition and health essays. Importance of Health and Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well .... Nutrition Essay | Essay on Nutrition for Students and Children in .... Exercise and Nutrition Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Personal Nutrition Essay : An International Publication for Nutrition .... Essay about diet and nutrition. Human Nutrition - Benefits of a Healthy Diet Essay Example | Topics and .... Nutrition Assignment Free Essay Example. Why nutrition is important. Nutrition Month Essay 2017. Personal Nutrition Essay - — Essay Writing About Nutrition 2019. Aspects of Human Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Human Nutrition Essay | PDF. foundations of nutrition essay | Dietary Fiber | Nutritio
Daniel Dennett - Teach Our Children Well
http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/daniel_c_dennett/2007/03/teach_our_children_well.html
Daniel C. Dennett, Co-Director, Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University. He is the
Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, and Co-Director of the Center for Cognitive
Studies, at Tufts University. His most recent book was "Breaking the Spell" (2006)
***
In my recent book, Breaking the Spell,, I argued for compulsory education about world
religions in all schools, public, private and home schoolers. This is what I said:
“Maybe people everywhere can be trusted, and hence allowed to make their own informed
choices. Informed choice! What an amazing and revolutionary idea! Maybe people should
be trusted to make choices, not to make the choices we would recommend to them,
necessarily, but the choices that have the best chance of satisfying their considered goals.
"But what do we teach them until they are informed enough and mature enough to decide
for themselves? We teach them about all the world’s religions, in a matter-of-fact,
historically and biologically informed way, the same way we teach them about geography
and history and arithmetic.
"Let’s get more education about religion into our schools, not less. We should teach our
children creeds and customs, prohibitions and rituals, the texts and music, and when we
cover the history of religion, we should include both the positive – the role of the churches
in the civil rights movement of the 1960's, the flourishing of science and the arts in early
Islam, and the role of the Black Muslims in bringing hope, honor and self-respect to the
otherwise shattered lives of many inmates in our prisons, for instance–and the negative –
the Inquisition, anti-Semitism over the ages, the role of the Catholic Church in spreading
AIDS in Africa through its opposition to condoms.
"No religion should be favored, and none ignored. And as we discover more and more
about the biological and psychological bases of religious practices and attitudes, these
discoveries should be added to the curriculum, the same way we update our education
about science, health, and current events. This should all be part of the mandated
curriculum for both public schools and for home-schooling.
"Here’s a proposal, then: As long as parents don’t teach their children anything that is
likely to close their minds -- through fear or hatred or by disabling them from inquiry (by
denying them an education, for instance, or keeping them entirely isolated from the world)
then they may teach their children whatever religious doctrines they like.
"It’s just an idea, and perhaps there are better ones to consider, but it should appeal to
freedom-lovers everywhere: the idea of insisting that the devout of all faiths should face
the challenge of making sure their creed is worthy enough, attractive and plausible and
meaningful enough, to withstand the temptations o ...
How to Write a 5 Paragraph Essay: Guide for Students. Five paragraph essay example. 5 Paragraph Essay: How To Write, Tips, Format, Examples & Guide .... Excellent 5 Paragraph Essay Example College ~ Thatsnotus. 5 Paragraph Essay Example On Quotes. QuotesGram. Five paragraph essays. Love and Hate for the 5-Paragraph Essay | The Educators Room. Writing 5 Paragraph Essay 8th Grade - How to Write a Good Five .... Sample Five Paragraph Essay | Paragraph | Essays. Magnificent How To Write 5 Paragraph Essay ~ Thatsnotus. the five paragraphs of an argument paper.
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Write A Reflection Essay. Your Ultimate Guide on Reflective Essay Writing by ...Ashley Rosas
50 Best Reflective Essay Examples (+Topic Samples) ᐅ TemplateLab. How to Write a Reflective Essay: Format, Tips and Examples | EssayPro .... Example Of Reflection Paper College - 50 Best Reflective Essay Examples .... A complete guide to writing a reflective essay | Oxbridge Essays - Self .... Example Self Reflection Essay - How to Write a Reflection Paper.
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40 Hot Scarlet Letter Essay Topics for Top Students. The Scarlet Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... The Scarlet Letter Essay Writing Guide - StudyFAQ.com. The Scarlet Letter Essay Prompts Chapters 3&4 by Chelsea Guell | TpT. The Scarlet Letter Essay Topics | Grademiners.com. The Scarlet Letter EssaySP2013.docx | Psychoanalysis | Id. Fantastic The Scarlet Letter Essay ~ Thatsnotus. The scarlet letter research paper topics. The Scarlet Letter Essays .... The Scarlet Letter Essay Topics. The Scarlet Letter Study Guide (500 Words) - PHDessay.com. The Scarlet Letter Essay Prompts Chapters 19-24 by Chelsea Guell. Wondrous Scarlet Letter Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus.
Sources of my IdentityIntroduction My personal identity deal.docxrafbolet0
Sources of my Identity
Introduction
My personal identity deals with the philosophical questions that arise about humans by the virtue of being individuals or people. However, this argument contrasts with any questions that entail the virtues of human beings as conscious beings or material objects. Many people will seek to understand their identity by asking the questions of what am I? When did I come to being? What will happen when I die? It is such questions that probe possible other questions that seek to have several answers regarding the indemnity of an individual. The sources of identity will mostly differ differently from one person to another, as they are influenced by a wide range of external factors throughout one’s period of growth(Payne 17).
Human beings have an unchanging need for uniqueness, and quite often, the search for this happens through the use of meaning and symbolism with the help of products and brands such as surroundings, time, and exposure to other variables. The mentioned meanings and symbolisms are at times not necessary as the brands of products, and wares may be inherent making one person to be completely different from the other in terms of behavior, thinking, or reasoning. This augment concedes with that of McCrae and Costa, which suggests that one’s cultural meanings take part in making up for one’s identity, which is the personality (Payne 17). Culture anticipates for use of symbols for identity working outwardly to construct the social world and inwardly to construct self-identity. In this way, personal identity plays a vital role when it comes to dictating one’s inner and outer circumstances. Every human is different from the others as anticipated his or her personality. This can be justified by the way people communicate socially.
The study of the psychology of personal identity has existed as organized entity since 1940s. There have been two major theories of human personality; one was dispositional or trait theory and the other one is person-situational theory. The trait theory did account for the centralist approach and internal constructs with governed behavior in a given or a particular situation derived mainly from internal characteristics of personality. In the west that is the western world, a layman’s understanding of personality is related tothe trait approach, and this laid its basis or roots from the 19th-century liberalism
The trait theory posted broad stable factors, traits, or behavioral dispositions as its fundamental units. Its primary goal was to characterize individuals in terms of a comprehensive nevertheless, preferably and finite small set of stable dispositions that have always remained invariant across situations and that were distinctive for a person determining a wide range of important behavior. In the recent years, the trait theory has been personified in the big five-model of human personality. This model reduced the large numbers of adjectives that described personal ident.
My Essays. Proper Essay Format : Navigation menuAshley Champs
College Essay Examples - 9+ in PDF | Examples. College Essay Format: Simple Steps to Be Followed. Write My Essay For Me | Reliable Essay Writing Service
Essay on Drought Drought Essay for Students and Children in English .... Essay on Drought for Students and Children PDF Download. Science Essay g7 - Drought Drought Human Impact On The Environment. Drought Essay in English for Students 500 Words Essay. Essay on drought in English//Paragraph on Drought article on drought .... Essay On Drought Speech About Drought 2024 My Study Times. Drought essay - geographicallyspeaking. Essay on Drought - YouTube. Essay On Drought - Drought is a global problem - we need a global solution. Essay on Drought for Students in English 500 Words Essay. The Problem of California Drought Essay Example Topics and Well .... Essay On Drought For Students amp; Children In Simple English Essay Avenue. Essay, Paragraph on quot;Droughtquot; English Essay for Class 8, 9, 10 and
Essay About Obesity. How to Overcome Obesity Essay Example GraduateWayBobbi Antonacci
Childhood Obesity Essay | Essay on Childhood Obesity for Students and .... Causes and Effect of Obesity Essay.docx | Obesity | Cardiovascular Diseases. The Causes of Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Obesity in childhood - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Obesity Essay | Causes Of Obesity Essay | Childhood Obesity Essay » ️. Obesity essay - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. Obesity Essay | Essay on Obesity for Students and Children in English .... The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Health - Free Essay Example .... Is Obesity a Problem? - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. ⇉How to Overcome Obesity Essay Example | GraduateWay. Childhood Obesity Speech - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Childhood Obesity Essay.pdf - Childhood Obesity Essay Obesity in .... essay examples: Obesity In America Essay. Obesity in america essay. Obesity essay. essay examples: childhood obesity essay. Essay on obesity | NRSG258 - Acute Care Nursing 1 - ACU | Thinkswap. ⛔ Childhood obesity essay sample. Childhood Obesity: Causes and Effects .... What Is Childhood Obesity Essay | Sitedoct.org. Critical Essay: Cause of obesity essay. Obesity Epidemic Essay | Body Mass Index | Obesity. Obesity Essay Help; obesity essay writing. Obesity health problems essay. Essay on Childhood Obesity (Essay Sample). An essay about childhood obesity. Definition essay: Causes and effects of obesity essay. Proofread my essay: Argumentative essay on obesity. Essay websites: Causes of obesity essay. essay examples: Child Obesity Essay. Childhood Obesity Research Paper Introduction Apa - Essay for you.
1. Lists crimes and crime involvement on the Mendez brothers.2.I.docxambersalomon88660
1. Lists crimes and crime involvement on the Mendez brothers.
2.Info on the investigation of the crime
3. Info on the crime scene
4. Evidence on the crime
5.Interviews of the Mendez brothers
Make sure to reference information
Also provide pictures
Not a essay not title page needed just the info, references and photos
.
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of th.docxambersalomon88660
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of the listed content areas, and draws on evidence from the given Web site.
2. Discusses specific changes that can be made in the workplace are discussed, while giving clear and relevant examples for why changes are necessary. Evaluates how personal skill set can be used to effect change in workplace.
3. Provides a thoughtful reflection on areas for growth. Pinpoints at least one specific goal for leadership growth, and outlines a well-organized and realistic implementation plan to meet the goal.
4. Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
5. There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.
6. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
7. All format elements are correct.
8. In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.
.
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Sources of my IdentityIntroduction My personal identity deal.docxrafbolet0
Sources of my Identity
Introduction
My personal identity deals with the philosophical questions that arise about humans by the virtue of being individuals or people. However, this argument contrasts with any questions that entail the virtues of human beings as conscious beings or material objects. Many people will seek to understand their identity by asking the questions of what am I? When did I come to being? What will happen when I die? It is such questions that probe possible other questions that seek to have several answers regarding the indemnity of an individual. The sources of identity will mostly differ differently from one person to another, as they are influenced by a wide range of external factors throughout one’s period of growth(Payne 17).
Human beings have an unchanging need for uniqueness, and quite often, the search for this happens through the use of meaning and symbolism with the help of products and brands such as surroundings, time, and exposure to other variables. The mentioned meanings and symbolisms are at times not necessary as the brands of products, and wares may be inherent making one person to be completely different from the other in terms of behavior, thinking, or reasoning. This augment concedes with that of McCrae and Costa, which suggests that one’s cultural meanings take part in making up for one’s identity, which is the personality (Payne 17). Culture anticipates for use of symbols for identity working outwardly to construct the social world and inwardly to construct self-identity. In this way, personal identity plays a vital role when it comes to dictating one’s inner and outer circumstances. Every human is different from the others as anticipated his or her personality. This can be justified by the way people communicate socially.
The study of the psychology of personal identity has existed as organized entity since 1940s. There have been two major theories of human personality; one was dispositional or trait theory and the other one is person-situational theory. The trait theory did account for the centralist approach and internal constructs with governed behavior in a given or a particular situation derived mainly from internal characteristics of personality. In the west that is the western world, a layman’s understanding of personality is related tothe trait approach, and this laid its basis or roots from the 19th-century liberalism
The trait theory posted broad stable factors, traits, or behavioral dispositions as its fundamental units. Its primary goal was to characterize individuals in terms of a comprehensive nevertheless, preferably and finite small set of stable dispositions that have always remained invariant across situations and that were distinctive for a person determining a wide range of important behavior. In the recent years, the trait theory has been personified in the big five-model of human personality. This model reduced the large numbers of adjectives that described personal ident.
My Essays. Proper Essay Format : Navigation menuAshley Champs
College Essay Examples - 9+ in PDF | Examples. College Essay Format: Simple Steps to Be Followed. Write My Essay For Me | Reliable Essay Writing Service
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Essay About Obesity. How to Overcome Obesity Essay Example GraduateWayBobbi Antonacci
Childhood Obesity Essay | Essay on Childhood Obesity for Students and .... Causes and Effect of Obesity Essay.docx | Obesity | Cardiovascular Diseases. The Causes of Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Obesity in childhood - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Obesity Essay | Causes Of Obesity Essay | Childhood Obesity Essay » ️. Obesity essay - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. Obesity Essay | Essay on Obesity for Students and Children in English .... The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Health - Free Essay Example .... Is Obesity a Problem? - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. ⇉How to Overcome Obesity Essay Example | GraduateWay. Childhood Obesity Speech - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Childhood Obesity Essay.pdf - Childhood Obesity Essay Obesity in .... essay examples: Obesity In America Essay. Obesity in america essay. Obesity essay. essay examples: childhood obesity essay. Essay on obesity | NRSG258 - Acute Care Nursing 1 - ACU | Thinkswap. ⛔ Childhood obesity essay sample. Childhood Obesity: Causes and Effects .... What Is Childhood Obesity Essay | Sitedoct.org. Critical Essay: Cause of obesity essay. Obesity Epidemic Essay | Body Mass Index | Obesity. Obesity Essay Help; obesity essay writing. Obesity health problems essay. Essay on Childhood Obesity (Essay Sample). An essay about childhood obesity. Definition essay: Causes and effects of obesity essay. Proofread my essay: Argumentative essay on obesity. Essay websites: Causes of obesity essay. essay examples: Child Obesity Essay. Childhood Obesity Research Paper Introduction Apa - Essay for you.
1. Lists crimes and crime involvement on the Mendez brothers.2.I.docxambersalomon88660
1. Lists crimes and crime involvement on the Mendez brothers.
2.Info on the investigation of the crime
3. Info on the crime scene
4. Evidence on the crime
5.Interviews of the Mendez brothers
Make sure to reference information
Also provide pictures
Not a essay not title page needed just the info, references and photos
.
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of th.docxambersalomon88660
1. Lists and analyzes strengths and weaknesses based on each of the listed content areas, and draws on evidence from the given Web site.
2. Discusses specific changes that can be made in the workplace are discussed, while giving clear and relevant examples for why changes are necessary. Evaluates how personal skill set can be used to effect change in workplace.
3. Provides a thoughtful reflection on areas for growth. Pinpoints at least one specific goal for leadership growth, and outlines a well-organized and realistic implementation plan to meet the goal.
4. Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
5. There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.
6. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
7. All format elements are correct.
8. In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.
.
1. List eight basic initiatives that companies can use to gain c.docxambersalomon88660
1. List eight basic initiatives that companies can use to gain competitive advantage.
2. What factors make one computer more powerful than another?
3. What are the advantages of open source software over proprietary software?
4. _______ means data about data.
.
1. Koffman Corporation is trying to raise capital. What method wou.docxambersalomon88660
1. Koffman Corporation is trying to raise capital. What method would be the least risky to raise capital if it has a less-than-favorable credit rating?
· Bond issuance, since additional debt can provide the company with more leverage.
· Bond issuance, since nobody wants to buy shares of a company with a less-than-perfect credit rating.
· Stock issuance, since stocks are more valuable as finance instruments.
· Stock issuance, since a credit rating won’t negatively affect Koffman’s ability to sell stock.
2. Bookmark question for later
Hal and Miranda have a general partnership business for landscaping projects. Hal makes a contract with a customer for a project one day while Miranda is absent and leaves on vacation the next day. Miranda does not feel she has the time to perform the contract for the customer. Which of the following is true?
· Indeterminable without more information.
· Miranda is obligated to perform the contract.
· Miranda may relinquish her obligation to perform the contract since Hal signed it without her knowledge.
· Only Hal is obligated to perform the contract.
3. Bookmark question for later
Kara wants to build a business. She has plenty of capital and potential investors and partners. She wants to avoid the burden of sole liability for her business and wants to be able to close the business when she is no longer interested in it. Which of the following would lead Kara to choose a sole proprietorship organization for her business?
· Avoidance of sole liability
· Ability to close the business easily
· Plenty of capital
· Many potential investors/partners
4. Bookmark question for later
Lily wants to build a business. She has very little capital. She does, however, have a partner with which she could run a business. Lily wants to be able to avoid being held personally liable for any problems the business has. Which of the following would lead Lily to choose a sole proprietorship organization for her business?
· None of the above
· Avoidance of personal liability
· Little capital
· Possession of a partner
5. Bookmark question for later
Abigail is a manager at her company. The company just launched an initiative to improve its corporate citizenship practices. Abilgail is responsible for all but which of the following areas?
· Vigilance of the board of directors
· Disclosure and transparency
· Integrity and ethical behavior
· Safeguarding shareholders' interests
6. Bookmark question for later
Match each event with the order in which it occurs in the formation of a corporation.
First
Fourth
Third
Second
Drag and drop the choices from below.
Incorporators select a name for the corporation
Novations are executed
Business selects a state of incorporation
Articles of incorporation are filed
Reset Answers
7. Bookmark question for later
Mario and Johnny want to start a business. They have very little capital. They are new partners and largely unfamiliar with each other’s management practices. They are happy, however, to .
1. List all the entities that interact with the TIMS system. Start b.docxambersalomon88660
1. List all the entities that interact with the TIMS system. Start by reviewing the data library,
previous e-mail messages, DFDs, and other documentation.
2. Draw an ERD that shows cardinality relationships among the entities. Send the diagram
to Jesse.
3. For each entity, Jesse wants to see table designs in 3NF. Use standard notation format to
show the primary key and the other fields in each table.
4. Jesse wants to use sample data to populate fields for at least three records in each table.
Better get started on this right away.
.
1. Know the terminology flash cards.2. Know the hist.docxambersalomon88660
1. Know the terminology flash cards.
2. Know the historical cryptographic systems.
3. Know the popular symmetric, asymmetric, and hashing algorithms.
4. What is the definition of Cryptography?
5. Who is known as the father of Western cryptography?
6. What makes up the CIA Triad?
7. How does the Caesar Cypher work?
8. What is the Scytale cipher?
9. What’s the difference between asymmetric and symmetric algorithms?
10. What was the application of cryptography created by the Egyptians?
11. What is the Vigenere Cypher?
12. What is DES (Data Encryption Standard)?
13. What is the Rijndael Algorithm?
14. What is the relationship between AES an DES in the US?
15. What are Symmetric algorithms are typically known for their ability to maintain?
16. How many and what type of keys involved with Symmetric Algorithms?
17. What’s the advantages of stream ciphers over block ciphers?
18. What ciphers typically use XOR operations?
19. What is an algorithm?
20. What is a certificate authority?
21. What is ciphertext?
22. What are collisions?
23. What is cryptanalysis?
24. What is meant by Decrypt?
25. What is a digital signature?
26. What is meant by Encrypt?
27. What is a Hash Function?
28. What is known as Key clustering?
29. What is a key space?
30. What is non-repudiation?
31. What is plaintext?
32. What is SSL/TLS?
33. What is the work factor?
34. What does the Kerckhoff Principle states?
35. Does it help to know the amount of data that you are encrypting ahead of time using block ciphers?
36. What are one-time pads?
37. What is digital watermarking?
38. What are transposition ciphers?
39. What are Vigenere Ciphers?
40. What is meant by codes?
41. What are polyalphabetic ciphers?
42. What is the process known as steganography?
43. What are running key ciphers?
44. Electronic Code Book works well with block cyphers.
45. Cipher Block Chaining is similar to Electronic Code Book but it uses an IV to add security.
46. Caesar cipher and Vigenere cipher are symmetric algorithms.
47. Block ciphers are not more closely emulate one-time pads.
48. Asymmetric algorithms are sometimes used for digital signature applications.
49. What is Enigma encryption machine?
50. A strength of symmetric algorithms is that they have multiple modes.
51. A strength of asymmetric algorithms when compared to symmetric algorithms is key management. (sharing keys with others while maintaining secrecy)
52. What are the weaknesses of symmetric algorithms?
All the following statement about International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) are True, except:
· Question 2
0 out of 10 points
_______________ take whatever plaintext is put into them and break it into pieces calls block
· Question 3
0 out of 10 points
Triple DES (3DES) triple-encrypts each block with either two independent keys
· Question 4
0 out of 10 points
No matter where encryption is implemented, the process is
· Question 5
0 out of 10 points
PKI provides __________.
1. Journal Entry The attached (BUROS Center for Testing).docxambersalomon88660
1. Journal Entry:
The attached (BUROS Center for Testing) website link presents and explained the
seven assessment competencies needed by teachers in detail:
http://buros.org/standards-teacher-competence-educational-assessment-
students (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. .
Read the information provided on this site and in your Journal self-reflect on the
following question: What is my current level of understanding and skill in these
competencies? In your self-reflection be sure to address EACH of the seven
competencies.
NOTE: It is a self-reflection, so you can NOT use any sources other than the
attached website.
DUE: in 24 hours
How nondirective therapy directs: The power of empathy in the context
of unconditional positive regard
Marvin Frankela*, Howard Rachlinb and Marika Yip-Bannicqc
aSarah Lawrence College, New York, USA; bStony Brook University, New York, USA; cNew
York University, New York, USA
(Received 26 November 2011; final version received 16 May 2012)
This paper explains how acceptance and empathy are vehicles for psychothe-
rapeutic change by showing how these factors function in nondirective client-
centered therapy. The paper argues that because the nondirective client-centered
therapist’s unconditional positive regard may conflict with the client’s conditional
self-regard, the therapy cultivates a novel restructuring of the client’s narrative.
By revealing how positive therapeutic change can result from the interplay of
unconditional positive regard and empathy, the article explains the effectiveness
of classical client-centered therapy in particular and accounts at least in part for
the effectiveness of other therapies that stress the healing properties of the
psychotherapeutic relationship.
Keywords: empathy; unconditional positive regard; Gestalt figure/ground
relationships
Wie nicht-direktive Therapie dirigiert
Dieser Artikel erklärt, wie Akzeptanz und Empathie das Agens therapeutischer
Veränderung sind, indem er zeigt, wie diese Faktoren in der nicht-direktiven
klient-zentrierten Therapie funktionieren. Gerade weil das bedingungslose
positive Beachten des nicht-direktiven klientzentrierten Therapeuten im Konflikt
liegen kann mit der Sicht des Klienten auf sich selbst, die voller Bedingungen
steckt, gerade deshalb kultiviert die Therapie eine neuartige Restrukturierung des
Klienten-Narrativs. Positive therapeutische Veränderung resultiert aus dem
Zusammenspiel zwischen bedingungsloser positiver Beachtung und Empathie.
Die Effektivität der klassischen Klientzentrierten Therapie ist zumindest teilweise
die Ursache, wenn es um die Wirksamkeit anderer Therapien geht, die die
heilende Dimension der psychotherapeutischen Beziehung betonen.
Cómo dirige la terapia no directiva
Este escrito explica cómo la aceptación y la empatı́a son vehı́culos de cambio
psicoterapéutico, mostrando cómo funcionan estos factores en la terapia no
directiva centrada en el cliente. El.
1. Introduction and thesisThrough extensive research I hope to f.docxambersalomon88660
1. Introduction and thesis
Through extensive research I hope to find the answer a specific question. How does culture affect the household? In this paper I will research various parenting styles, and how culture affects the parenting style and personalities. Through my research I am hoping to attain and comprehend how culture affects not only the household, but also how we view society.
2. Main Body
Various parenting Styles.
Parenting norms
Parenting Priorities
How does culture affect parenting?
Classifications of parenting styles
Cultural Influences on Parenting Styles
How does culture affect our personalities?
What makes us different
How we view certain topics
3. Closing
4. References
.
1. Is it important the hospital to have a licensure to ensure that.docxambersalomon88660
1. Is it important the hospital to have a licensure to ensure that the licensees the minimal degree of competency necessary to ensure that public health,. safety, and the welfare are protected. Typically, they are granted at the state level, if the individual works in multiple jurisdictions, then they must licensed in each jurisdiction. Which the government authorize for grants permission to an individual practitioner or health care organizations to operate or to engage in an occupation or profession. Lincensure regulations are generally established to ensure that an organization or individuals is usually granted after some form of examination or proof of education and may be renewed periodically through payment of a fee and or proof of continuing education or professional competence. Organizational licensure is granted following an on site inspection to determine if minimum health and safety standards have been met. Maintenance of licensure is an on going requirement for the health care organization to operate and care for patients. Requirements needed to deliver when comes to health care to maintaining the licensure. Maintain the quality as new technology, financial resources, improve quality such to reduce waiting time, and implementing process to reduce the rate post operative infections.Ensure public safety the hospital is responsible the patients will not be harmed, responsibility to comply with laws and regulations related to public safety, and reduce staff injury within the organizations. When a hospital don't have a licensure some of them when dont follow rules such malpractice insurers, when don't comply with Joint Commission could seem poor management.
2. The general public does not have adequate information to judge provider qualifications or competence; thus, professional licensure laws are enacted to assure the public that practitioners have met the qualifications and minimum competencies required for practice. Licensure by a governmental agency signifies that the individual has met the minimal degree of competency and proficiency needed to ensure the safety and well-being of the consumer, clients or population being served. Licensure is necessary when the regulated activities are complex and require specialized knowledge and skill and independent decision making. The licensure process determines if the applicant has the necessary skills to safely perform a specified scope of practice by predetermining the criteria needed and evaluating licensure applicants to determine if they meet the criteria. Typically, licensure requirements include some combination of education, training and examination to demonstrate competency. Licensure requirements also involve continuing education, training, and, for some, periodic re-examination. If a hospital did not have this licensure there would be chaos. Readmission rates would be high, there would be no set standards of practice, no protocols or rules to follow and there would be confusion wit.
1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, energy harvesting fro.docxambersalomon88660
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, energy harvesting from ambient vibration [I and human motion [2] has received both considerable industrial and academic interest due to advances in micro-electronic technology leading to an increased computation efficiency and reduced power consumption of wireless sensors and portable electronic devices. In addition to environmental benefits associated with limiting the disposal of traditional batteries, energy harvesting technologies [3] provide a great promising of autonomous and self-powered electronic devices for safety monitoring, structure-embedded diagnosis and medical implants. The narrowband issues of linear resonant piezoelectric energy harvesters have motivated several research groups to develop the nonlinear monostable [4], bistable [5] and tristable [6] approaches to enhance frequency bandwidth and output power. The theoretical analysis and experimental verification of those nonlinear energy harvesters have been extensively investigated under harmonic and stochastic excitations [7-9]. For the realistic excitation, Green [2] numerically analyzed the efficiency of nonlinear energy harvesting from human motion and Cao [10] applied the time-varying potential bistable energy harvester to human motion to demonstrate its better performance than the linear one. However, tristable energy harvesting performance has not yet been evaluated under realistic excitations induced by human motions. Therefore, the paper employs tristable magnetic coupled piezoelectric cantilever to harvest energy from human walking and running. Based on the characteristics of human motion, theoretical model of nonlinear tristable energy harvester with time-varying potential energy function is established. And experiment results show that the tristable energy harvester exhibits better performance than the linear one when applied to harvesting energy from human walking and running.
2. ELEC TROMECHANICAL MODEL
The magnetic coupled piezoelectric energy harvester with external magnets is illustrated in Fig.1 (a). The configuration consists of a stainless steel substrate, two symmetric PZT-51 piezoelectric layers at the root, tip magnet attachments and two external magnets.
Tristable energy harvester can be obtained by adjusting the parameters h, d and a.When harvester is applied to harvesting energy from human motion , the lower limb swing motion will drive the cantilever to swing a certain angle (shown in Fig.1 (b) which results in a time-varying potential energy function due of the beam. On these conditions, the electromechanical model of the nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesters with time-varying potential energy function can be given by the following equation:
Where m is the equivalent mass and c is the equivalent damping. 0 is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient, Cp is the equivalent capacitance of the piezoelectric materials, R is the load resistance, v(t) is the voltage across the electrical load, x.
1. INTRODUCTIONThe rapid of economic growth in China, is a fou.docxambersalomon88660
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid of economic growth in China, is a foundation of urban expansion, associated with the rise in migrants in urban areas. According to data from Statistics Bureau in China, the urban proportion of the total populations reached 45.7% in 2008 compared to 17.9% in 1978, and is expected to reach 50% by 2020. The presence of a large number of rural labor force in the city, tend to look for adequate and affordable housing, which generate a peculiar outcome in most Chinese cities, urban villages. Urban villages, or Chengzhongcun in Chinese, they mean that the villages in the middle of the city, interact as urban expansion surrounded them (Chung, 2009).
According to land management law in China, the ownership of urban land is state, and the ownership of rural land is collective-owned the village. Besides, land belonging to the rural collectives can only used to solely agricultural and not allowed to sell in the land market. The earliest urban village emerged in China is due to the 1978 Economic Reforms. In order to fulfill the investment and development, the government tends to expropriated farmland in rural villages for urban use because of the limit of capital and time-consuming. Therefore, the settlement villages are been survived while their surrounding environment dramatically development, graduate leading to the formation of urban villages (Hao, et al, 2011).
On the other hand, rural migrants have been flooding into cities because of the demand of cheap labour force in urban areas and the states started to relax restrictions on rural-urban migration after Reforms, which generate great pressure on demand of housing. Generally, China's rental market can be segmented into three kinds: government provided credit houses; commercial residential building in the three level market; and renting houses in “villages” (Hang and Iseman, 2009). However, the social housing for low-income households provided by government are excluded them because of the “Hukou” system, which is the household registration system to different urban and rural population. During the city transformation in China, the government ignored the two weakest groups: villagers who do not have lands and workers from village. It is undeniable that urban villages provide a positive environment for slowing down the unemployment problems of the villagers and the housing problems of the latter (Hao, 2012).
Meanwhile, due to the weak government jurisdiction in urban villages, landlords find out this is a new way to substantially maximize income by providing low-rent accommodation to rural migrants. In the process of farmland requisition, the state does not provide the landlords any employment opportunities after they losing their basis of livelihood, which causes them to have no competitive power in the labour market in the city. The huge profits from house renting business enable them to gain considerable revenue and make a new livelihood. In addiction, some of urban vi.
1. Introduction to the Topica. What is outsourcingi. Ty.docxambersalomon88660
1. Introduction to the Topic
a. What is outsourcing?
i. Types of outsourcing.
ii. Will companies ever stop outsourcing?
b. Economic impacts of outsourcing.
i. Myths about outsourcing and job impact.
ii. What are the risks of outsourcing?
2. Background/Literature Review on Topic
a. Why do companies outsource
The economic argument for outsourcing
.
1. Introduction 1. Technology and communication 1. Technology .docxambersalomon88660
1. Introduction
1. Technology and communication
1. Technology is changing everything that people used to do in the past
1. Communication can be done to people who are at far distance and technology has changed the lifestyle of the people (Drago, 2015).
1. People are rarely using face to face communication as most of them prefer using social networking sites.
1. Face to face communication enable one to express emotions either through facial expression or tone of the voice.
1. Thesis statement: To discuss reasons as to why face to face communication is better as compared to virtual communication.
1. Body section
1. Benefits of face to face communication
1. When people communicate face to face, it creates a motivation as there is exchange of the words as people are together.
1. It also enables one to see sense on what the other person is thinking about (Carlson, 2017).
1. Face to face communication is crucial in strengthening the bond whether for partnership, friendship and relationship in the workplace.
1. Face to face communication enable an individual to express emotions through either tone of the voice or using facial expression.
1. Disadvantages of virtual communication
1. Technical problems because virtual communication depends on the internet, software and machine and sometimes they have malfunction.
1. Some of the Apps which are used in virtual communication need skills for them to be operated.
1. Virtual communication cannot effectively solve problems which can be addressed by face to face communication (Marlow, Lacerenza & Salas, 2017).
1. Conclusion
1. Face to face communication enables people to express their emotions and motivates people.
1. It also strengthens bond between relationship and partnership.
1. Virtual communication depend on the use of garget and sometimes they fail.
.
1. In your definition of a well-run company, how important a.docxambersalomon88660
1. In your definition of a "well-run" company, how important are the following?
a.) Provides excellent customer service
Very important
b.) Has efficient and flexible operations
Very important
c.) Offers high financial return to shareholders
Somewhat important
d.) Attracts and retains exceptional people
Very important
e.) Creates products or services that benefit society
Very important
f.) Adheres to a strong mission
Very important
g.) Invests in employee training and professional development
Very important
h.) Operates according to its values and a strong code of ethics
Very important
i.) Is a stable employer
Very important
j.) Provides competitive compensation
Very important
k.) Adheres to progressive environmental policies
Very important
l.) Produces high-quality products and services
Very important
2. Would you add something to the above list that you think is “very important”? If so, what?
cares about the relationship between employees and management
3. Which of the following issues pose the greatest challenges for today’s CEOs and senior executives?
Breakdown in trust between employees and management, Economic downturn, Lack of public trust in business
4. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
a.) Business people are more likely to care about the social responsibilities of companies when the economy is strong.
Strongly agree
b.) When a multi-national company is entering a new market in a less-developed country, it? has a responsibility to go above and
beyond business success and contribute to the development of the local community.
Somewhat agree
c.) When it comes to the environment, all a company has to do is to comply with the law.
Strongly agree
d.) Companies should maintain their employees’ job security even if they incur a short-term drop in profit as a result.
Strongly agree
e.) Most companies accurately report their earnings and profits.
Somewhat agree
f.) Corporate reputation is important to me in making my decision about the organization where I want to work.
Strongly agree
g.) Managers place too much emphasis on short-term performance measures when making business decisions.
Strongly agree
h.) I anticipate that my own values will sometimes conflict with what I am asked to do in business.
Somewhat disagree
5. If you answered the prior statement “4h” with “somewhat agree” or “strongly agree,” please specify which kinds of values
conflicts you expect to face:
Some possible issues to consider:
n/a
6. Assume you are engaged in each of the following business activities/practices. How likely do you think it is that values conflicts
would arise?
a.) Managing personnel in manufacturing facilities/ plants
Very likely
b.) Outsourcing production operations
Somewhat likely
c.) Investing in less-developed countries
Very likely
d.) Downsizing
Very likely
e.) Financial reporting
Somewhat likely
f.) Natural resource exploration
Somewhat likely
g..
1. In Chapter four titled Academy Training you learned about academi.docxambersalomon88660
1. In Chapter four titled Academy Training you learned about academies and the different approaches they take in training police recruits. In Washington D.C., the Metropolitan Police Department teaches its recruits about Behavioral Science. Question: How important is this lesson, especially in todays environment which pits community versus the police? Be specific when answering the question and give examples. at least be 8 sentences.
2. based on the reading authored by critical race scholar Alana Lentin, please explain the problem with replacing race with multiculturalism in debates on human differences/minority groups. And how, do you think, does multiculturalism tie in with racism in the United States?For those of you who want to further improve their understanding of the term multiculturalism beyond this week’s assigned reading, I suggest you skim through the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on multiculturalism. must be at least 8 sentences. ( articles will be provided)
3. Frank Serpico was a plain clothes NYPD officer who decided not to take part in the embedded corruption that was embedded in the NYPD.When bosses wouldn't listen, he and another cop, Sgt. David Durk, found their way to the New York Times.For Friday write 400 words on who Serpico is/was, mention the history of corruption and the impact. What is the current impact (if any).And, as this a class on the Media and Police, make reference to the significance the NY Times played (as well as the impact of the best selling book and blockbuster film). Police bosses know about such corruption for years (as did elected officials). How did the media - in this case the NY Times force a change in decades long practices?Cite information. Not your own opinion.
.
1. In 200 words, describe how Hamlet promotes andor subverts th.docxambersalomon88660
1. In 200 words, describe how Hamlet promotes and/or subverts the power of satirical imitation to reflect and/or reform authority.
2. In 300 words, compare and contrast how three albums that we have discussed in class promote and/or subvert the power of recording artists to satirically reform both the music industry and popular culture. (The Who Sell Out by The Who, Milo Goes To College by the Descendants, The Beatles(“White Album”) by the Beatles, Little Dark Age by MGMT)
Part I: Health Care Finance
Overview
CHAPTER 2: FOUR THINGS THE HEALTH
CARE MANAGER NEEDS TO KNOW
ABOUT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Four Segments that Make a Financial
Management System Work
• Original Records — Provide evidence that
some event has occurred.
• The Information System — Gathers this
evidence.
• The Accounting System — Records the
evidence.
• The Reporting System — Produces reports of
the effects.
Four Segments That Make a Financial
System Work
• The healthcare manager needs to know that
these separate elements exist and that they
work together for an end result.
Structure of the Information System
• Identify the inputs
• Identify the outputs
• Examine the Figure 2-1 diagram in the chapter
Function of Flow Sheets
• Flow sheets illustrate the flow of activities that
capture information.
Flow Sheets are Useful Because
• They picture who is responsible for what piece
of information as it enters the system
• Examine the two examples of patient
information flows in the chapter
Figure 2-2: Flowsheets
Figure 2-3: Flowsheets
The Chart of Accounts
• Outlines the elements of your company in an
organized manner.
• Maps out account titles with a method of
numeric coding.
• Is designed to compile financial data in an
uniform manner that can be decoded by the
user.
The Chart of Accounts
• Every organization has differences in its Chart
of Accounts that expresses the unique
differences in its own organizational structure.
• Examine the three examples of different Chart
of Accounts formats in Exhibits 2-1, 2-2 and 2-
3.
Exhibit 2–1 Chart of Accounts, Format I
Exhibit 2–2 Chart of Accounts, Format II
Exhibit 2–3 Chart of Accounts, Format III
Basic System Elements: Books and
Records
• Capture transactions
• Figures 2-4 and 2-5 illustrate this concept.
Books and Records: The Sequence Is…
• Initial transaction to subsidiary journal to
general ledger;
• Review, adjust, balance through the trial
balance;
• Create reports (financial statements)
The Annual Management Cycle
• Affects the type and status of information the
manager uses
The Annual Management Cycle
• The type and status of information used by the
manager includes:
• Daily and Weekly Reports — Generally contain
raw data
• Quarterly Reports and Statistics — Generally
have been verified, adjusted and balanced. Called
“interim” reports; often used as milestones by
managers.
• Annual Year End Reports — Generally.
1. Image 1 courtesy of httpswww.virginiahospitalcenter.com.docxambersalomon88660
1.
Image 1 courtesy of: https://www.virginiahospitalcenter.com/
2.
Image 2 courtesy of: Police magazine October 2013 Issue
3.
Image 3 courtesy of: Forbes magazine April 9, 2012 Issue
4.
Image 4 courtesy of: National Geographic magazine June/July 2015 Issue
In a 2 page APA formatted paper with an additional reference page (template here), analyze the strategic use of sensory visuals:
1. Analyze the use of color; address how it attracts the eye of the targeted audience. How might the targeted audience interpret the color and emotionally respond?
2. Analyze the use of lines; address how it directs the eyes of the viewers. Which types of lines are used? How might the targeted audience interpret the line usage and emotionally respond?
3. Analyze the use of contrast and balance; address how it attracts the eye of the targeted audience. How might the targeted audience emotionally respond to the visual balance and contrast? What if the contrast and balance elements were not there or were different? How would that change the viewer response?
Support the items above by including relevant quotes and paraphrases from academic/scholarly sources.
Be sure to clearly address how these four visual sensory elements attract the eyes of a specific target audience more readily than other audiences. For a thorough analysis, always consider the effect on viewers if these four visuals were used differently or not used at all.
.
1. If I were to create an SEL program, I would focus on self-awar.docxambersalomon88660
1. If I were to create an SEL program, I would focus on: self-awareness, relationship skills and decision-making. I would focus on these skills and values because they are integral in developing emotional intelligence. Self-awareness could be instilled through different activities where a person takes different tests and conducts activities to learn more about their own emotions. By understanding and managing their emotions, they can be more aware to how they act. Additionally, relationship skills can be built through participating in different group activities in which they must work together to solve a problem. These group activities will also integrate decision-making, where participants will learn how to respectfully voice opinions and listen to those of others. At the end of the program, there will be a final group activity which integrates the three core skills, and one must display self-awareness, relationship skills and decision-making to complete the activity.
2. This program would be helpful in teaching factors of emotional intelligence, but it would not teach every important aspect. The first strength of this program would be that it teaches self-awareness before relationship skills, because knowing how to manage and process self-emotions is extremely important when working in a team. Additionally, a strength would be that it is an activity-based program, which will keep kids entertained and learning at the same time. The limitation of this program is that it cannot teach everything about social emotional learning such as social awareness or stress management, however it will be a good start in SEL.
1. The three skills that I would focus on if I were to create an SEL program would be Self-Management, Social Awareness, Responsible Decision Making. These skills are the most essential because self-management is pretty much controlled self-awareness, social awareness is critical to being successful with the other skills, and responsible decision making is critical to any sort of personal and relationship success. I plan on instilling these skills by integrating different forms of activities and exams to ensure that these skills are achieved for their intended purposes. For social awareness I would place people into groups who all have different activities and emotions going on and then quiz them in the end. Self-management can be instilled by keeping tallies of individual outbursts when one gets upset and even putting them in upsetting situations and seeing how the handle them. Additionally, responsible decision making can be more activity and an exam where different situations happen and individuals are rated on how they react to them.
2. The strengths of my program are that they are extremely interactive and also give numerical results. With the combination of interactive activities with other people, real life testing scenarios, and exams it is easy to see the results of individuals to see where they are both st.
1. Identify and discuss the factors that contribute to heritage cons.docxambersalomon88660
1. Identify and discuss the factors that contribute to heritage consistency in your culture (African American) or religion: (ex. religion, beliefs and practices, values and norms)2. Describe traditional aspects of healthcare within your culture or religion3. Address the demographics of your culture or religion in the United States4. Describe barriers to obtaining healthcare that affect your culture or religion.5. Describe how your culture’s or religion’s beliefs and norms might impact communication with a healthcare provider
Paper should
be in your own words
, typed in 12 point font, double spaced, 1 inch margins, between two to three pages in length.
Do not
copy and paste from the internet as this is plagiarism and you will receive a zero for the assignment. You may use one or two quotes from sources as long as the source is given credit. Cite your sources for the paper.
I am an African American Female.
.
1. How does the most recent 2008-09 recession differ from most other.docxambersalomon88660
1. How does the most recent 2008-09 recession differ from most other economic recessions since the Great Depression?
2. What is a bank? How does a bank differ from most other financial-service providers?
3. Which businesses are banking’s closest and toughest competitors? What services do they offer that compete directly with banks’ services?
4. Why are banks special?
5. What is a financial intermediary? What are its key characteristics? Is a bank a type of financial intermediary?
6. What are the reasons for regulating the functions of banks?
7. What is the dual banking system?
8. What is the principal role of the Comptroller of the Currency?
9. What is the principal job performed by the FDIC?
10. What key roles does the Federal Reserve System perform in the banking and financial system?
11. What is the Glass-Steagall Act, and why was it important in banking history? 12. What are the main ideas of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991?
.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. I think that the top three management positions in a health pla.docx
1. 1. I think that the top three management positions in a health
plan are Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Hospital Administrator
and Chief of Nurses. The reason they rank over the rest is
because their positions are compelling and crucial in the
healthcare. The CEO position is the person who is responsible
of management, organizing operations, planning, budgeting,
negotiating contracts, studying financial reports. They are the
ones in charge of the entire organization and it is imperative
that they ensure that everything runs professionally and
effectively. Then the Hospital Administrator position is the
person responsible of making sure they are working promptly
and effectively to generate and manage the budget, quality
assurance policies and the hiring of physicians. Their job is also
to be responsible in making sure they are up to date with all
government regulations and law compliance and by not doing so
it can cost them their job and cause fines to their organization.
Last is the Chief of Nursing position is the person who is
responsible of the overseeing of the nursing staff, they see the
department’s budget, they must report to high level staff-
members like the CEO, they maintain a high standard of care,
review patients’ data and medical records to professionally
relate and interact with physicians, patients and family
members. You can tell by reading the responsibilities of these
positions you realize how essential they are to the health plan
and how every responsibility is meticulous to each position.
Even though I picked these 3 as the top management position I
still feel that all positions hold an important part in the health
plan.
2. Healthcare industry offers many different opportunities in its
field, working in this industry you have many choices where to
choose from like for instance become a secretary to being an
analyst or end up being a doctor. There is room to explore
different careers and work closely with a variety of
2. professionals. In this growing market the top three careers that
would be more in demand would be Nurses, Physicians and
Physical Therapists. There is a vast list of opportunities in
health care that if you work with effort you will. As we all
know nurses are every where and at all times even if the
doctor's are not present. They make home visits to check on
patient's health and keeping track of their health. Going through
nursing is not a piece of cake there is a lot to be learn
physically, emotionally and mentally. Becoming a physician is
becoming less popular since there are so many other choices out
there people see that becoming a physician is a lot of hassle and
instead become something else. This career choice will be need
in the next few years. Physical Therapy is my third option, with
all this baby boomer community the demand for doctor's
specially therapist will increase for at least 20% in the next few
years. This generation of elderly community is more aware of
their health and will seek more treatments than any other
generation before. There is a vast list of opportunities in health
care that if you work with effort you will be successful with no
problem.
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n a t u r a l l a w a n d
e n l i g h t e n m e n t c l a s s i c s
The Meditations
4. of the Emperor
Marcus Aurelius
Antoninus
Translated by Francis Hutcheson and James Moor
Edited and with an Introduction by James Moore
and Michael Silverthorne
The Collected Works and Correspondence
of Francis Hutcheson
l i b e r t y f u n d
Indianapolis
This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation
established
to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and
responsible individuals.
The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the
design motif for
our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the
word
“freedom” (amagi ), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay
document written
about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash.
Introduction, annotations, index � 2008 by Liberty Fund, Inc.
All rights reserved
5. Printed in the United States of America
c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frontispiece: Detail of a portrait of Francis Hutcheson by Allan
Ramsay
(ca. 1740–45), oil on canvas. Reproduced courtesy of the
Hunterian Art
Gallery, University of Glasgow.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 121–180.
[Meditations. English]
The meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus/
translated by Francis Hutcheson and James Moor;
edited and with an introduction by James Moore and Michael
Silverthorne.
p. cm.—(Natural law and enlightenment classics)
(The collected works and correspondence of Francis Hutcheson)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978-0-86597-510-1 (hardcover: alk. paper) isbn 978-0-
86597-511-8 (pbk.: alk. paper)
1. Ethics—Early works to 1800. 2. Conduct of life—Early
works to 1800.
I. Moore, James, 1934– II. Silverthorne, Michael. III. Title.
b580.h88m3713 2008
6. 188—dc22 2007037857
liberty fund, inc.
8335 Allison Pointe Trail, Suite 300
Indianapolis, Indiana 46250-1684
25
t h e
m e d i t a t i o n s
o f t h e e m p e r o r
m a r c u s a u r e l i u s
a n t o n i n u s
u b o o k i u
1. From1 my grandfather * Verus I learned to relish the beauty
of manners,
and to restrain all anger. From the fame and character my †
father obtain’d,
modesty, and a manly deportment. ‡ Of my mother; I learned to
be reli-
gious, and liberal; < 47> and to guard, not only against evil
actions, but
even against any evil intention’s entering my thoughts; to
content myself
with a spare diet, far different from the softness and luxury so
common
among the wealthy. Of my great- § grandfather; ** not to
frequent public
schools and auditories; but to have good and able teachers at
home; and
7. for things of this nature, to account no expence too great.
2. He who had the charge of my education, taught me not to be
fondly
attached to any of the contending parties †† in the chariot-races,
or in the
combats of the gladiators.2 He taught me also to endure labour;
not to need
* Annius Verus, who had been thrice Consul, and was made a
Senator under
Vespasian.
† Annius Verus, who died when Antoninus was a child.
‡ Domitia Calvilla Lucilla, daughter of Calvisius Tullus, who
had been twice Consul.
§ Probably by the mother, viz. Catilius Severus.
** ’Tis not certain whether the negative particle should be here
or not.3
†† The keenness of these contentions among the Romans in that
age, is abundantly
known.
26 m e d i t a t i o n s
many things; to serve myself, without troubling others; not to
intermeddle
with the affairs of others, and not easily to admit of accusations
against them.
3. Of Diognetus;4 not to busy myself about vain things, not to
credit
the great professions of such as pretend to work wonders, or of
8. sorcerers,
about their < 48> charms, and their expelling Demons; and the
like. Not
to keep * Quails, nor to be keen of such things; to allow others
all freedom
in conversation; and to apply myself heartily to philosophy.
Him also I
must thank, for my hearing first Bacchius, then Tandasis, and
Marcianus;5
that I wrote dialogues in my youth, and took a liking to the
philosopher’s
little couch and skins, and such other things, which by the
Grecian disci-
pline belong to that profession.
4. To Rusticus6 I owe my first apprehensions, that my temper
needed
redress and cure, and that I did not fall into the ambition of the
common
Sophists, either in writing upon the sciences, or exhorting men
to philos-
ophy by public harangues; as also, that I never affected to be
admired by
ostentation of great patience in an ascetic life, or of activity and
application;
and that I gave over the study of rhetoric, poetry, and the
elegance of lan-
guage; that I did not affect any airs of grandeur, by walking at
home in my
senatorial robe, or by any such things. I observed also the
simplicity of style
in his letters, parti-< 49 >cularly in that, which he wrote to my
mother from
Sinuessa. I learned also from him an easiness and proneness to
be reconciled
9. and well pleased again with those who had offended me, as soon
as any of
them inclined to be reconciled; to read with diligence; not to
rest satisfied
with a light and superficial knowledge; nor quickly to assent to
great talkers:
Him also I must thank, that I met with the discourses of
Epictetus7 which
he gave me.
5. From Apollonius8 I learned true liberty, and invariable
stedfastness;
and to regard nothing else, not even in the smallest degree, but
right and
reason; and always to remain the same man, whether in the
sharpest pains,
or after the loss of a child, or in long diseases. To him I owe my
seeing in
a living example, that it was possible for the same man to be
both vehement
and remiss, as occasion requir’d. I learn’d of him, not to fret
when my
reasonings were not apprehended. In him I saw an instance of a
man, who
esteem’d his excellent skill and ability in teaching others the
principles of
* For fighting, or incantations.
b o o k i 27
philosophy, the least of all his endowments. Of him also I
learned how to
receive from friends, what are thought <50 > favours, so as
10. neither to be on
that account subjected to them, nor yet seem insensible and
ungrateful.
6. From Sextus9 a pattern of a benign temper, and of a family,
governed
with true paternal affection and a stedfast purpose of living
according to
nature; to be grave and venerable, without affectation; to
observe saga-
ciously the several dispositions and inclinations of my friends;
not to be
offended with the ignorant, or with those who follow the vulgar
opinions
without examination: His conversation was an example, how a
man may
accomodate himself to all men and companies; for tho’ his
company was
sweeter, and more pleasing than any sort of flattery, yet he was
at the same
time highly respected and reverenced. No man was ever more
happy than
he in comprehending, finding out, and arranging in exact order,
the great
maxims necessary for the conduct of life. He taught me by his
example, to
suppress even the least appearance of anger, or any other
passion; but still,
not withstanding this perfect tranquillity, to possess the
tenderest and most
affectionate heart; and to be apt to approve and applaud others,
and yet
with-< 51 >out noise: to desire much literature, without
ostentation.
7. From Alexander the critic,10 to avoid censuring others, or
11. flouting at
them for a barbarism, solecism, or any false pronounciation; but
dextrously
to pronounce the words as they ought, in my answering,
approving, or
arguing the matter, without taking direct notice of the mistake;
or by some
other such courteous insinuation.
8. From Fronto;11 to be sensible, how much envy, deceit, and
hypocrisy,
surrounds princes; and that generally those we account nobly
born, have
somehow less natural affection.
9. Of Alexander the platonist;12 not often, nor without great
necessity,
to say, or write to any man in a letter, that I am not at leisure,
nor thus
under pretext of urgent affairs, to decline or defer the duties,
which, ac-
cording to our various ties, we owe to those among whom we
live.
10. Of Catulus;13 not to contemn any friend’s expostulation,
tho’ injust;
but to strive to reduce him to his former disposition: freely and
heartily to
speak well of all my masters, upon any oc-< 52 >casion, as it is
reported of
* Domitius, and Athenodotus; and to love my children with true
affection.
* There are no other memorials of these two persons.14
12. 28 m e d i t a t i o n s
11. From my brother * Severus, to love my kinsmen, and to love
truth
and justice. To him I owe my acquaintance with † Thraseas,
Helvidius,
Cato, Dion, and Brutus. He gave me also the first conception of
a republic,
founded upon equitable laws, and administred with equality of
right; and
of a monarchic government, which chiefly regards the liberty of
the sub-
jects. Of him I learned likewise, to maintain a constant,
disengaged, and
uninterrupted study and esteem of philosophy; to be bountiful
and liberal
in the largest measure; always to hope the best; and to be
unsuspicious about
the affections of my friends. I observed in him a candid
openness in de-
claring what he disliked in the conduct of others; and that his
friends might
easily see, without the trouble of conjectures, what he liked or <
53 > dis-
liked; so open and plain was his behaviour.
12. From Claudius Maximus;15 in all things to have power over
myself,
and in nothing to be hurried away by any passion: to be chearful
and cou-
ragious in all sudden accidents, as in sicknesses to have an easy
command
of my own temper; to maintain a kind, sweet, and yet grave
deportment;
to execute my designs vigorously without freting. Whatever he
13. said, all men
believed, he spake, as he thought; and that whatever he did, it
was with a
good intent. He taught me, not to be easily astonished or
confounded with
any thing, never to seem in a hurry, nor yet to be dilatory, or
perplexed,
without presence of mind, or dejected, fretful, angry, or
suspicious; and to
be ready to do good to others, to forgive, and to speak truth;
and in all this,
to appear rather like one who had always been straight and
right, than ever
rectified or redressed; nor was there any, who thought himself
undervalued
by him, or who could find in his heart to think himself a better
man than
him: Nor did he ever affect the praise of being witty. <54 >
13. ‡ From my father I learned meekness, and constancy,
without wa-
vering in those things, which after a due examination and
deliberation were
determined; to be little solicitous about the common honours;
patience of
labour, and assiduity, and readiness to hear any man, who
offered any thing
tending to the common good; an inflexible justice toward all
men; a just
* This either the philosopher Claudius Severus, whom he calls
his brother from his
strong love to him, or some cousin whose memory is not
otherways preserved to us.16
† These were eminent characters, in the two preceeding ages.17
14. ‡ Antoninus Pius, his father by adoption.
b o o k i 29
apprehension when rigour and extremity, or when remissness
and mod-
eration were in season; abstinence from all impure lusts: and a
sense of
humanity toward others. Thus he left his friends at liberty, to
sup with him
or not, to go abroad with him or not, as they inclined; and they
still found
him the same, after their affairs had hindered them to attend
him. I learned
of him accuracy and patience of inquiry in all deliberations and
counsel.
He never quitted the search, satisfied with the first appearances.
I observed
his zeal to retain his friends, without cloying them, or shewing
any foolish
fondness; his contentment in every condition; his chearfulness;
his fore-
thought about very distant events; < 55 > his exact care even
about small
matters, without noise. How he restrained all acclamations and
flattery:
How vigilantly he observed all things necessary to the
government, and
managed accurately the public revenue, and bore patiently the
censures of
others about these things: How he was neither a superstitious
worshipper
of the Gods, nor an ambitious pleaser of men, nor studious of
15. popularity;
but sober in all things, stedfast, well-skilled in what was
honourable, never
affecting novelties. As to these things which are subservient to
ease and
conveniency, of which his fortune supplied him with great
affluence; he
used them without pride, and yet with all freedom; enjoyed
them without
affectation when they were present; and when absent, he found
no want of
them. He was not celebrated, either as a learned acute man, or
one of a
sharp wit, or as a great declaimer; but a wise, experienced,
complete man;
one who could not bear to be flattered; able to govern both
himself and
others; I further observed the great honour he paid to all true
philosophers,
without upbraiding those who were not so; his sociableness, his
gracious
and delightful conversation, < 56> without cloying. His regular
moderate
care of his body, neither like one desirous of long life, or over
studious of
neatness, and elegancy; and yet not as one who despised it:
Thus, through
his own care, he seldom needed any internal medicines, or
outward appli-
cations: But especially how ingenuously he would yield without
envy, to
any who had obtained any peculiar faculty, as either eloquence,
or the
knowledge of the laws, or of ancient customs, or the like; and
how he
concurred with them strenuously, that every one of them might
16. be regarded
and esteemed, for that in which he excelled; and altho’ he
observed carefully
the ancient customs of his fore-fathers, yet it was without
ostentation.
30 m e d i t a t i o n s
Again, how he was not fickle and capricious, but loved to
continue both in
the same places and businesses; and how after his violent fits of
the head-
ach, he returned fresh and vigorous to his wonted affairs. Again,
that he
neither had many secrets, nor often; and such only as concerned
public
matters: His discretion and moderation, in exhibiting of shows
for the en-
tertainment of the people, in public buildings, largesses, and the
like. In
all these things he acted <57 > like one who regarded only what
was right
and becoming in the things themselves, and not the applauses
which might
follow. He never bathed at unseasonable hours; had no vanity in
building;
was never solicitous, either about his meat, or about the nice
workmanship
or colour of his cloaths, or about the beauty of his servants. His
apparel
was plain and homely, such as that he chose to wear at Lorium,
cloath made
at Lunuvium;18 and at Tusculum, he wore a short cloak,
sometimes making
17. apologies for the plainness of his dress. His conversation was
far from any
inhumanity; or incivility, or impetuosity; never doing any thing
with such
keenness that one could say * he was sweating about it; but on
the contrary,
in all things, he acted distinctly, as at leisure, without
confusion, regularly,
resolutely, and gracefully. A man might have applied that to
him which is
recorded of Socrates, that he knew both how to abstain from or
enjoy those
things, in want whereof most men shew themselves weak; and in
the fru-
ition, intemperate: He remained firm and constant in both
events, < 58 >
with a just self-government, and shewed a perfect and
invincible soul; such
as appeared in him during the sickness of Maximus.
14. To the Gods I owe my having good grand-fathers, and
parents, a good
sister, good masters, good domesticks, affectionate kinsmen,
and friends,
and almost all things good: and that I never thro’ haste and
rashness of-
fended any of them; tho’ I had such a temper as might have led
me to it,
had occasion offer’d; but by the goodness of the Gods, no such
concurrence
of circumstances happen’d as could discover my weakness: that
I was not
long brought up with my father’s concubine; that I retained my
modesty,
and refrained from all venereal enjoyments, even longer than
was necessary;
18. that I lived under the government of such a prince and father,
who took
away from me all pride and vain-glory, and convinced me, that
it was not
* This was a proverbial expression.
b o o k i 31
impossible for a prince to live in a court, without guards,
extraordinary
apparel, torches, statues, or such pieces of state and
magnificence; but that
he may reduce himself almost to the state of a private man, and
yet not
become more < 59> mean or remiss in those publick affairs,
wherein power
and authority are requisite. That I have had such a brother, * as
by his
disposition might stir me up to take care of myself; and yet by
his respect
and love delighted me; that my children wanted not good natural
dispo-
sitions, nor were distorted or deformed in body; that I was no
great pro-
ficient in the studies of rhetoric and poetry, and in other
faculties, which
might have engrossed my mind, had I found myself successful
in them;
that I prevented the expectations of those, by whom I was
brought up, in
promoting them to the places and dignities, they seem’d most to
desire;
that I did not put them off, in the common way, with hopes and
19. excuses
that since they were but young I would do it hereafter. I owe to
the Gods
that ever I knew Apollonius, Rusticus and Maximus; that I have
had oc-
casion often and effectually to meditate with myself and inquire
< 60> what
is truly the life according to nature; so that, as for the Gods, and
such sug-
gestions, helps and inspirations, as might be expected from
them, I might
have already attained to that life which is according to nature;
and it was
my own fault that I did not sooner, by not observing the inward
motions
and suggestions, yea, and almost plain and apparent instructions
of the
Gods; that my body, in such a life, hath been able to hold out so
long; that
I never had to do with † Benedicta and Theodotus, yea, and
afterwards,
when I fell into some foolish passions, that I was soon cured;
that, having
been often displeased with Rusticus, I never did any thing to
him, for which
afterwards I had occasion to repent: that since it was my
mother’s fate to
die young, she lived with me all her latter years: that as often as
I inclined
to succour any who were either poor, or fallen into some
distress, I was never
answered by the managers of my revenues that there was not
ready mo-
<61 >ney enough to do it; and that I myself never had occasion
for the like
20. * Probably Verus, whose vicious passions might rouse this
excellent man’s attention
to himself, or perhaps Antoninus did not know his vices for a
great part of his life, and
’tis certain Verus had a great esteem for Antoninus, and was a
man of ability.
† These two persons are unknown, ’tis possible they have been
remarkably dangerous
to the youth at court.
32 m e d i t a t i o n s
succour from any other; that I have such a wife, so obedient, so
loving, so
ingenuous; that I had choice of fit and able men, to whom I
might commit
the education of my children; that by dreams I have received
divine aids,
as, for other things, so, in particular, how I might stay my
spitting of blood,
and cure my vertigo, which happen’d successfully to me at
Cajeta; and, that,
when I first applied myself to philosophy, I did not fall into the
hands of
some sophist, nor spent my time in reading many volumes, nor
embarrassed
myself in the solution of sophisms, nor dwelt upon the study of
the me-
teors. All these things could not have thus concurred, without
the assistance
of the Gods and * fortune.
These things in the country of the Quadi near Granua.19 <62>
21. * See, B. II. art. 3.
33
u b o o k i i u
1. Say thus to thyself every morning: to day I may have to do
with some
intermeddler in other mens affairs, with an ungrateful man; an
insolent, or
a crafty, or an envious, or an unsociable selfish man. These bad
qualities
have befallen them through their ignorance of what things are
truly good
or evil. But I have fully comprehended the nature of good, as *
only what
is beautiful and honourable; and of evil, that it is always
deformed and
shameful; and the nature of those persons too † who mistake
their aim; that
they are my kinsmen, by partaking, not of the same blood or
seed, but of
the same ‡ intelligent divine part; and that I cannot be < 63 >
hurt by any
of them, since none of them can involve me in any thing
dishonourable
or deformed. I cannot be angry at my kinsmen, or hate them. We
were
formed by nature for mutual assistance, as the two feet, the
hands, the eye-
lids, the upper and lower rows of teeth. Opposition to each other
is contrary
to nature: All anger and aversion is an opposition.
22. 2. Whatsoever I am, is either this § poor flesh, or the animal
spirit, or
the governing part. Quit your books: Be no longer distracted
with different
views. You have it in your own power. As one who is shortly to
die, despise
* This, according to the high style of the Stoics, that virtuous
affections and actions
are the sole good, and the contrary the sole evil.1
† This is the meek sentiment of Socrates, that as all error is
involuntary, so no man
is willingly unjust or wicked in his actions: Since all desire
truth and goodness.
‡ The Stoics spoke of the rational soul, as a part of the divinity,
taken from that
infinite intelligent aetherial nature, which pervades and
surrounds all things.2
§ The apostle Paul alludes to this notion in praying that we may
be sanctified in soul,
spirit, and body: many ancients conceived in men two principles
distinct from the body,
one the animal soul or life, like that in beasts, the other the
rational, like the divinities
or angels. In the former which they supposed to be air, they
placed all the sensations and
passions. See B. III. art. 16.
34 m e d i t a t i o n s
23. this fleshly part, this putrifying blood, and bones, and the net-
work texture
of nerves, veins, arteries. Consider the nature of mere animal
spirit or life,
air, and that always changing, breathed forth and drawn in
again. The third
part is that which go-< 64 >verns. Think thus: you are now old;
suffer not
that noble part to be enslaved, or moved about by * unsociable
passions,
without its own approbation. Repine no more at what now
befalls you ac-
cording to fate, nor dread what may befall you hereafter.
3. Whatever the Gods ordain, is full of wise providence. What
we ascribe
to fortune, happens not without a presiding nature, nor without
a con-
nexion and intertexture with the things ordered by providence.
Thence all
things flow. Consider, too, the necessity of these events; and
their utility
to that whole universe of which you are a part. In every regular
structure,
that must always be good to a part, which the nature of the
whole requires,
and which tends to preserve it. Now, the universe is preserved,
as, by the †
changes of the < 65> Elements, so, by the changes of the
complex forms.
Let these thoughts suffise; let them be your maxims, laying
aside that thirst
after multitudes of books; that you may die without repining,
meek, and
well satisfied, and sincerely grateful to the Gods.
24. 4. Remember how long you have put off these things; and how
often
you have neglected to use the opportunities offered you by the
Gods. It is
high time to understand what sort of whole you are a part of;
and who that
President in the universe is, from whom you flowed, as a small
stream from
a great fountain. There is a certain time appointed for you,
which, if you
don’t employ in making all calm and serene within you, it will
pass away,
and you along with it; and never more return.
5. Let this be your stedfast purpose to act continually, in all
affairs, as
becomes a Roman, and a man, with true unaffected dignity,
kindness of
heart, freedom, and justice; and disentangle your soul from
other solici-
tudes. You shall thus disentangle yourself, if you perform each
action as if
* A metaphor from puppets, mov’d by others. Such are men
when led by their passions
against what their higher faculties incline to and recommend.3
† The Stoics supposed that aether condensed, produced air, air
condensed became
water, and water thus too became earth: That earth was rarified
into water; water into
air, and air into aether, and these changes were always going on
in the universe.4
25. b o o k i i 35
it were your last: without temerity, or any passionate aversion
to what reason
approves; with-< 66 >out hypocrisy or selfishness, or freting at
what prov-
idence appoints. You see how few these maxims are, to which,
whoever
adheres, may live a prosperous and divine life. If a man observe
these things,
the Gods require no more of him.
6. Go on, go on, o my soul! to affront and dishonour thy self !
yet a little
while, and the time to honour thyself shall be gone. Each man’s
life is flying
away, and thine is almost gone, before thou hast paid * just
honour to thy-
self; having hitherto made thy happiness dependent on the
minds and opin-
ions of others.
7. Let nothing which befalls thee from without distract thee; and
take
leisure < 67> to thy self, to learn something truly good. Wander
no more
to and fro; and guard also against this other wandering. For
there are some
too who trifle away their activity, by wearying themselves in
life, without
having a settled scope or mark, to which they may direct all
their desires
and all their projects.
8. Seldom are any found unhappy for not observing the motions
26. and
intentions in the souls of others. But such as observe not well
the motions
of their own souls, or their affections, must necessarily be
unhappy.
9. Remember these things always: what the nature of the
universe is:
what thine own nature: and how related to the universe: What
sort of part
thou art, and of what sort of whole: and that no man can hinder
thee to
act and speak what is agreeable to that whole, of which thou art
a part.
10. Theophrastus,5 as becomes a philosopher, says justly, that
in com-
paring crimes together, † (for in a popular style they may be
compared)
* ’Tis one of the most ancient maxims or precepts, “Reverence
or stand in awe of
thyself ” which is the most remote from any encouraging of
pride or vanity. It means,
that men, conscious of the dignity of their nature, and of that
temper of soul, and course
of action which they must approve, should continually
endeavour to behave suitably to
their dignity, in preserving that temper, and practising such
actions, with a sincere simple
view to answer the end for which God created them, with such
dignity and such en-
dowments; and be ashamed to act unsuitably to them. Now, to
be influenced by views
of glory from men, is what Antoninus here reckons among the
dishonours or affronts
27. done to ourselves. See, art. 16 of this book. And B. III. art. 6.
and others.6
† It was one of the paradoxes of the Stoics, that all crimes were
equal, and so no
occasion for comparisons.
36 m e d i t a t i o n s
these are greater, which men are incited to, by <68 > lust, or
desire of plea-
sure, than those which flow from anger. For the angry man
seems to be
turned from right reason, by a sort of pain and contraction
seizing him
unawares. But he who sins from lust, conquer’d by pleasure,
seems more
dissolute, weak, and effeminate in his vices. He says justly, and
as becomes
the dignity of a philosopher, that the crime committed for
pleasure, de-
serves an higher censure, than that committed from the impulse
of pain.
One in the latter case seems like a person who is forced into
anger by injuries
first received; but one in the former, like him who first injures
another, at
the instigation of some lust of pleasure.
11. Undertake each action as one aware he may next moment
depart out
of life. To depart from men, if there be really Gods, can have
nothing ter-
rible in it. The Gods will involve you in no evil. If there are no
28. Gods, or,
if they have no regard to human affairs, why should I desire to
live in a
world without Gods, and without providence? But Gods there
are, un-
doubtedly, and they regard human affairs; and have put it
wholly in our
power, that < 69> we should not fall into what is * truly evil.
Were there
any real evil in other things, they would have also put it in the
power of
man to have avoided them altogether. But how can that which
makes not
one a worse man, be said to make a man’s life worse? And it
could neither
be from any ignorance, or want of power, to prevent or rectify
them, when
it knew them, that the nature presiding in the whole has
overlooked such
things. We cannot ascribe such gross misconduct to it, either
from want of
power, or want of skill, as that good and evil should happen
confusedly
and promiscuously, both to good and bad men. Now, death and
life, glory
and reproach, pain and pleasure, riches and poverty, all these
happen pro-
miscuously to the good and bad. But as they are neither
honourable nor
shameful, they are therefore neither good nor evil.
12. ’Tis the office of our rational power, to apprehend how
swiftly all
things vanish. How the corporeal forms, are swallowed up in the
material
World, and the memory of them in the tide of ages. Such are all
29. sensible
things, especially < 70> those which ensnare us by pleasure, or
terrify us by
* That is, moral evil, or, vice.
b o o k i i 37
pain, or are celebrated with such vanity. How mean, how
despicable, how
sordid, how perishable, how dead are they! What sort of
creatures are they,
whose voices bestow renown? What is it to die? Would one
consider it alone,
and by close thought strip it of those horrible masks with which
it is dressed,
would he not see it to be a work of nature, and nothing else? He
must be
a child, who dreads what is natural. Nay, it is not only a work
of nature,
but useful to nature. Our rational power should apprehend, too,
how a man
is related to God, and by what part; and in what state this part
shall be,
when it returns to him again.
13. Nothing is more miserable, says one, than he who ranges
over all
things, and dives even into things below the earth, and strives
by conjectures
to discover what is in the souls of others around him, and yet is
not sensible
of this, that ’tis sufficient for a man to dwell and converse with
that * di-
30. vinity which is within him, and pay it the genuine worship.
<71> It is then
worshipped and honoured, when it is kept pure from every
passion, and
folly, and from repining at any thing done by Gods or men.
Whatever is
done by the Gods, is venerable for its excellence. What flows
from men,
we should entertain with love, since they are our kinsmen; or,
sometimes,
with pity, as proceeding from their ignorance of good and evil.
They are
not less pityably maimed by this defect, this blindness, than by
that which
hinders them to distinguish between black and white.
14. † If thou shouldst live three thousand years, or as many
myriads, yet
remember this, that no man loses any other life than that he now
lives; and
that he now lives no other life than what he is parting with,
every instant.
The longest life, and the shortest, come to one effect: since the
present time
is equal to all, what is lost or parted with is equal to all. And
for the same
reason, what is parted with, is only a moment. No man at death
parts with,
or, is deprived of, what is either past or future. For how can one
take from
a man what < 72> he hath not? We should also remember these
things, first,
That all things which have happened in the continued
revolutions from
* Thus the Stoics call the rational soul, the seat of knowledge
31. and virtue: deeming it
a part of the divinity, ever pervaded, attracted, and inspired by
it to all moral good, when
the lower passions are restrained.
† The first sentiment in this paragraph, is too subtile and frigid.
38 m e d i t a t i o n s
eternity, are of the same kind with what we behold: And ’tis of
little con-
sequence, whether a man beholds the same things for an
hundred years, or
an infinite duration. Again that the longest and the shortest
lives have an
equal loss at Death. The present moment is all which either is
deprived of,
since that is all he has. A man cannot part with what he has not.
15. All depends upon opinion; as the sayings of Monimus7
make evident.
The usefulness of his sayings appear, if one attend to his
pleasantries, as far
as truth confirms them.
16. The soul affronts itself, when it becomes, as far as it can, an
abscess
or wen in the universe. Freting at what happens, is making itself
an abscess
from that nature, which contains all other parts. Again, when it
has aversion
to any man, and opposes him with intention to hurt him, as
wrathful men
do. And thirdly, it affronts itself, when conquered by pleasure
32. or pain.
Fourthly, when it does or says any thing hypocritically,
feignedly, or falsly.
Fifthly, when it does not < 73> direct to some proper end all its
desires and
actions, but exerts them inconsiderately, without understanding.
Whereas,
even the smallest things should be refered to the end. Now, the
end of
rational beings should be this, to follow the * reason and law of
their most
antient and venerable city or country.
17. The duration of human life is a point; its substance
perpetually flow-
ing; the senses obscure; and the compound body tending to
putrefaction:
The soul is restless, fortune uncertain, and fame injudicious. To
sum up all,
the body, and all things related to it, are like a river; what
belongs to the
animal life, is a dream, and smoak; life a warfare, and a journey
in a strange
land; surviving fame is but oblivion. What is it then, which can
conduct
us honourably out of life, and accompany us in our future
progress? phi-
losophy alone. And this consists in preserving the divinity
within us free
from all affronts and injuries, superior to pleasure and pain,
doing nothing
either inconsiderately, or insincerely and hypo-< 74 >critically;
independent
on what others may do or not do: embracing chearfully whatever
befalls or
is appointed, as coming from him, from whom itself was
33. derived; and,
* By this country or state is understood the universe governed
by God. The end
therefore is acting the part God has appointed to us by the
constitution of our nature.
b o o k i i 39
above all, expecting death with calm satisfaction, as conceiving
it to be only
a dissolution of these elements, of which every animal is
compounded. And
if no harm befalls the elements when each is * changed into the
other, why
should one suspect any harm in the changes and † dissolution of
them all?
It is natural, and nothing natural can be evil. This at
Carnuntum.8 <75 >
* Earth to water, water to air, air to fire, and so backwards.
† Perhaps he intends the universal destruction of this world. See
X. 7.
40
u b o o k i i i u
1. One ought to consider, not only that, each day, a part of his
life is spent,
and the remainder grown less, but that it is very uncertain, tho’
he should
34. live longer, whether his understanding shall continue equally
sufficient for
his business, and for those theories which make one skilled in
things divine
and human. For if one begin to dote in these things, he may,
perhaps,
continue to breathe, to receive nourishment, to have vain
imaginations, and
exert the low appetites; but the true power of governing himself,
of per-
forming completely the duties of life, of considering distinctly
all appear-
ances which strike the imagination, and of judging well this
very point,
whether he should depart from life or not, and all other powers
which re-
quire a well exercised vigorous understanding, must be intirely
extinguished
in him. We should, therefore, make haste, not only because
death is every
day so much nearer, but because the power of considering well
and under-
<76>standing things, often leaves us before death.
2. This also should be observed, that such things as ensue upon
what is
well constituted by nature, have also something graceful and
attractive.
Thus, some parts of a well baked loaf will crack and become
rugged. What
is thus cleft beyond the design of the baker, looks well, and
invites the
appetite. So when figs are at the ripest, they begin to crack.
Thus in full
ripe olives, their approach to putrefaction gives the proper
beauty to the
35. fruit. Thus, the laden’d ear of corn hanging down, the stern
brow of the
lyon, and the foam flowing from the mouth of the wild boar, and
many
other things, considered apart, have nothing comely; yet
because of their
connexion with things natural, they adorn them, and delight the
spectator.
Thus, to one who has a deep affection of soul, and penetration
into the
constitution of the whole, scarce any thing connected with
nature will fail
to recommend itself agreeably to him. Thus, the real vast jaws
of savage
b o o k i i i 41
beasts will please him, no less than the imitations of them by
painters or
statuaries. With like pleasure will his chaste eyes behold < 77>
the maturity
and grace of old age in man or woman, and the inviting charms
of youth.
Many such things will he experience, not credible to all, but
only to those
who have the genuine affection of soul toward nature and its
works.1
3. Hippocrates2 after conquering many diseases, yielded to a
disease at
last. The Chaldeans foretold the fatal hours of multitudes, and
fate after-
wards carried themselves away.3 Alexander, Pompey, and Caius
Caesar,4
36. who so often razed whole cities, and cut off in battle so many
myriads of
horse and foot, at last departed from this life themselves.
Heraclitus,5 who
wrote so much about the conflagration of the universe, died
swollen with
water, and bedaubed with ox-dung. Vermin destroyed
Democritus,6 [the
inventor of the atomical philosophy:] and another sort of vermin
destroyed
Socrates.7 To what purpose all this? You have gone aboard,
made your voy-
age, arrived to your port, go ashore. If into another life and
world, the Gods
are also there: if into a state of insensibility; at least you shall
be no longer
disturbed by sensual pleasure or pain, or be in slavery to this
mean cor-
<78 >poreal vessel. Is not the soul, which is often enslaved to
it, much more
excellent than the body? The soul is intelligence and deity. The
body, earth,
and putrifying blood.
4. Spend not the remainder of your life in conjectures about
others,
except where it is subservient to some public interest:
conjecturing what
such a one is doing, and with what view, what he is saying,
what he is think-
ing, what he is projecting, and such like; this attention to the
affairs of
others, makes one wander from his own business, the guarding
of his own
soul. We ought, therefore, to exclude from the series of our
37. thoughts, what-
ever is superfluous or vain; and much more every thing
intermeddling and
ill-natured; and enure ourselves to think on such things, as, if
we were of
a sudden examined, what are we now musing upon, we could
freely answer,
such or such matters: so that all within might appear simple and
good-
natured, such as becomes a social being, who despises pleasure,
and all sen-
sual enjoyment, and is free from emulation, envy, suspicion, or
any other
passion that we would blush to own we were now indulging in
our minds.
A man < 79> thus disposed wants nothing to entitle him to the
highest
dignity, of a priest and fellow-worker with the Gods, who
rightly employs
42 m e d i t a t i o n s
the divinity within him; which can make the man undefiled by
pleasure,
invincible by pain, inaccessable to reproach, or any injuries
from others: A
victorious champion in the noblest contention, that against the
passions:
deeply tinctured with justice; embracing with all his heart
whatever befalls,
or is appointed by providence. Seldom solicitous, and that not
without
some generous public view, what another says, does, or intends:
Solely in-
38. tent on his own conduct, and thinking continually on what is
appointed
to him by the governor of the universe. Making his own conduct
beautiful
and honourable; and persuaded that what providence orders is
good. For,
each one’s lot is brought upon him by providence, and is
advantageous to
him. Remember, that, whatever is rational, is a-kin to thee, and
that it suits
human nature to take care of every thing human. Nor ought we
to desire
glory from all, but only from those who live agreeably to
nature. For others;
still remember, how they live at home, how abroad, how in the
< 80 > dark,
how in the light, and with what a wretched mass they are
blended. Thus,
one won’t value the praise of such men, for they cannot please
or applaud
themselves.
5. Do nothing with reluctance, or forgetting the * kind social
bond, or
without full inquiry, or hurried into it by any passion. Seek not
to set off
your thoughts with studied elegance. Be neither a great talker,
nor under-
taker of many things. And let the God within thee find he rules
a man of
courage, an aged man, a good citizen, a Roman, who regulates
his life, as
waiting for the signal to retreat out of it, without reluctance at
his disso-
lution; who needs not for a bond of obedience, either the tie of
an oath,
39. or the observation of others. Join also a chearful countenance,
an inde-
pendence on the services of others, a mind which needs not
retirement from
the world, to obtain tranquillity; but can maintain it without the
assistance
of others. One should rather ap-< 81 >pear to have been always
straight and
right, and not as amended or rectified.
6. If you can find any thing in human life better than justice,
truth,
temperance, fortitude; or, to sum up all, than to have your mind
perfectly
* The Stoics always maintained, that by the very constitution of
our nature, all men
are recommended to the affectionate good-will of all: which
would always appear, were
it not for the interfering of falsely imagined interests.8
b o o k i i i 43
satisfied with what actions you are engaged in by right reason,
and what
providence orders independently of your choice: if you find any
thing
better, I say, turn to it with all your soul, and enjoy the noble
discovery.
But if nothing appears more excellent than the divinity seated
within
you, when it hath subjected to its self all its passions, examined
all ap-
pearances which may excite them, and, as Socrates expresses it,
40. has torn
itself off from the attachments to sense; has subjected it self to
the Gods,
and has an affectionate care of mankind: If you find all things
mean and
despicable in comparison with this, give place to nothing else:
for, if you
once give way, and lean towards any thing else, you will not be
able,
without distraction of mind, to preserve the preference of
esteem and
honour to your own proper and true good. For it is against the
law of
justice, that any thing of a different kind withstand the proper
good of
the rational and < 82 > social nature; such as the views of
popular applause,
power, riches, or sensual enjoyments. All these things, if we
allow them
even for a little to appear suitable to our nature, immediately
become our
masters and hurry us away. But do you I say, with liberty, and
simplicity
of heart, chuse what is most excellent, and hold to it resolutely.
What is
most excellent is most advantageous. If so to the rational
nature, retain
it; but if only to the animal, renounce it. And preserve the
judging power
unbyassed by external appearances, that it may make a just and
impartial
inquiry.
7. Never value that as advantageous, which may force you to
break your
faith; to quit your modesty, or sense of honour; to hate, suspect,
41. or im-
precate evil on any one; to dissemble; or to desire any of these
things which
need walls or curtains to conceal them. He who to all things
prefers the
soul, the divinity within him, and the sacred mysteries of its
virtues, makes
no tragical exclamations, complaints, or groans. He needs
neither solitude
nor a croud; and, what is greatest of all, he lives without either
desires or
fears of death. And whether the soul shall use this surrounding
<83> body,
for a longer or shorter space, gives him no solicitude. Were he
to depart this
moment, he is as ready for it, as for any other work, which can
be gracefully,
and with honour, accomplished; guarding in the whole of life
against this
alone, that his soul should ever decline, or be averse to any
thing which
becomes the rational and social nature.
44 m e d i t a t i o n s
8. In the well-disciplined and purified mind you will find
nothing putrid,
impure, or unsound. Fate can never surprise his life unfinished,
as one says
of a tragedian who goes off before he ends his part: You will
find nothing
servile or ostentatious, or subjected to others by any partial
bond; nor yet
broken off from them, by any hatred; nothing which needs
42. correction or
concealment.
9. Cultivate with all care that power which forms opinions: All
depends
on this, that no opinion thy soul entertains, be inconsistent with
the nature
and constitution of the rational animals. Our natural
constitution and fur-
niture is intended to secure us from false and rash assent, to
engage us in
kindness to all men, and in obedience to the Gods. < 84>
10. Quit, therefore, other things, and retain these few.
Remember also
that each man lives only the present moment: The rest of time is
either
spent and gone, or is quite unknown. It is a very little time
which each man
lives, and in a small corner of the earth; and the longest
surviving fame is
but short, and this conveyed through a succession of poor
mortals, each
presently a-dying; men who neither knew themselves, nor the
persons long
since dead.
11. To the former subjoin this further rule: To make an accurate
definition
or description of every thing which strikes the imagination, so
as to view
what sort of thing it is in its own nature, and in all its parts
considered
distinctly; and give it, with thy self, its proper name, and to all
the parts in
its composition, into which also it must be resolved. Nothing is
43. more ef-
fectual for giving magnanimity, than a methodical true
examination of
every thing which may happen in life, and while you consider
them, to
revolve at the same time, in what sort of regular universe they
happen, for
what use they are fit, of what importance they are to the whole,
of what to
man, the citizen of that higher city, of < 85> which the other
cities and states
are but as families. To examine what that is which affects the
mind, of what
compounded, how long it can endure, and what virtue it is fit to
exercise;
such as meekness, fortitude, truth, fidelity, simplicity,
contentment, or the
rest? We should therefore say of each event, this comes from
God; this
happens according to that destined contexture and connexion of
events, or
by conjunction with them in fortune; this comes from one of my
own tribe,
my kinsman, my friend, ignorant, perhaps, of what is agreeable
to nature:
b o o k i i i 45
but I am not ignorant of what is so; and, therefore, I must
behave toward
him with good-will and justice, according to the natural and
social law. As
to things * indifferent, I pursue them according to their real
estimation or
44. value.
12. If, in consequence of right reasoning upon natural principles
you
discharge your present duty with diligence, resolution, and
benignity, with-
out any < 86> bye views, and keep unviolated and pure the
divinity within
you as if just now about to restore it to the Gods who gave it: If
you adhere
to this without further desires or aversions, completely satisfied
in discharg-
ing your present offices according to nature, and in the heroic
sincerity of
all your professions, you will live happily. Now your doing this
none can
hinder.
13. As † physicians have always their machines and instruments
at hand
for sudden occasions, so have you always at hand the grand
maxims req-
uisite for understanding things divine and human, and for doing
every
thing, even the most minute, as aware of the connexion between
these two.
For, neither will you rightly discharge any duty to men, nor any
duty to
God, if, at the same time, you regard not the connexion between
things
human and divine.
14. Quit your wandering: for you are neither like to read over
again your
own commentaries and meditations, or the actions of the ancient
Greeks
45. and Romans, or the collections you have made < 87> out of the
writings
of others, which you have been storing up for your old age.
Make haste,
then, to your proper end: cast away vain hopes and speedily
succour your-
self if you have that care of yourself; you may at present.
15. Men don’t understand how many things are signified by
these words,
‡ to steal, to sow, to purchase, to be in tranquillity, to discern
what’s to be
* Thus the Stoics call all the goods or evils of fortune, relating
to our bodies or estates:
Which they allowed to have some value, or estimation, or
importance, but would not
call them absolutely good or evil.9
† The same person was physician, chirurgeon, and apothecary
among the antient
Greeks and Romans.
‡ The Stoics made frequent use of these words metaphorically
in their moral rea-
sonings about the virtues and vices of their conduct, and the
natural events in the uni-
verse. See, B. IV. 36. for one Instance.
46 m e d i t a t i o n s
done. The bodily eye sees not these things: another sort of sight
must dis-
cern them.
46. 16. The body, the * animal soul, the intellectual. To the body
belong the
senses: to the animal soul, the appetites and passions: to the
intellectual,
the maxims of life. To have sensible impressions exciting
imaginations, is
common to us with the cattle. To be moved, like puppets, by
appetites and
passions, is common to us with the wild beasts, with the most
effeminate
wretches, Phalaris,10 and Nero, with atheists, and with traitors
to their
country.11 If these things, then, are common to the lowest and
most odious
<88 > characters, this must remain as peculiar to the good man;
to have the
intellectual part governing and directing him in all the occurring
offices of
life; to love and embrace all which happens to him by order of
providence;
to preserve the divinity placed in his breast, pure, undisturbed
by a croud
of imaginations, and ever calm and well-pleased, and to follow
with a grace-
ful reverence the dictates of it as of a God; never speaking
against truth,
or acting against justice. And, tho’ no man believe he thus
lived, with sim-
plicity, modesty, and tranquillity; he neither takes this amiss
from any one;
nor quits the road which leads to the true end of life; at which
he ought to
arrive pure, calm, ready to part with life, and accommodated to
his lot with-
out reluctance. <89 >
47. * See above, B. II. art. 2.
____Book I, p. 25Book II, p. 33Book III, p. 40