classification of crops based on use and taxonomy

1. 1
Grethel Buyaco- Cabigat
PRC License no. 0025995
Faculty, CAHS

2. Importance of Classification
1. It helps us remember different plants
2. It helps in the discovery of new species
3. It helps in identification of related crops for various
purposes such as food, fiber and feed

3. 1. BOTANICAL SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION
systematic or taxonomy is an organized system for descriptive
classification of plants based from the morphological or external
appearance.
 Plant Taxonomy- is the science of naming organisms
and placing them in a hierarchical structure
 Carollus Lineaus- “father of taxonomy”
 Nomenclature- system of assigning names to plants
 IBPN- made rules and standard of giving scientific
names in accordance to ICBN

4. Kingdom
Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
The most inclusive
Least inclusive
taxon
Binomial
nomenclature Scientific name
• Universal name
• Latin language

5. Kingdom
Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
How to remember the order!
KING
DAVID
CAME
OVER
FOR
GOOD
SPAGETTI
KING
DAVID
CRIES
OUT
FOR
GOODNESS
SAKE

6. Latin Language in scientific name:
• alba (white)
• rubra (red)
• variegata (variegated)
• vulgaris (common)
• esculentus (edible)
• sativus (cultivated)
Malabar spinach
Basella alba Basella rubra
Bauhinia variegata Phaseolus vulgaris
Colocasia esculenta
Cucumis sativus

7. Kingdom
Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
SOYBEANS RICE
Scientific name: Glycine max Oryza sativa
Plantae
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
(dicot)
Rosales
Fabaceae
Glycine
Max
Plantae
Magnoliophyta
Liliopsida
(monocot)
Rosales
Poaceae
Oryza
sativa

8. KINGDOM
ANIMALIA PLANTAE PROTIST
FUNGI MONERA

9. PLANT DIVISION
THALLOPHYTA
BRYOPHYTA
PTERIDOPHYTA
SPERMATOPHYTA

10. Plant Kingdom
Subdivided into 4 Division:
1. Thallophyta- Ex. Algae
10

11. Plant Kingdom
Subdivided into 4 Division:
2. Bryophyta- “moss plants”
11

12. Plant Kingdom
Subdivided into 4 Division:
3. Pteridophyte- Ex. Ferns, club mosses, horsetails,
scouring rushes
12

13. Plant Kingdom
Subdivided into 4 Division:
4. Spermatophyta- The have roots, stems, leaves and
highly developed conducting system.
13

14. CLASS PLANTAE
Vascular plants that possess “exposed”
seeds
Examples are Cycas, Pinus, Ephedra,
etc.
Vascular plants that possess special
characteristics such as flowers and
fruits
Examples are mango, rose, tomato,
onion, wheat, maize, etc.

15. Kingdom PLANTAE
Subgroups of kingdom plantae
1. Thallophyta
2. Bryophyta
3. Pteridophyta
4. Gymnosperms
5. ANGIOSPERMS
Vascular plants that possess special characteristics
such as flowers and fruits
Examples are mango, rose, tomato, onion, wheat, maize, etc.

16. Botanical Taxonomic Classification of
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Kingdom………Plantae
Division…….....Spermatophyta,Thallophyta,
Bryophyta, Pteridophyta
Subdivision…... Angiosperm, Gymnosperm
Class…………. Monocotyledoneae, Dicotyledoneae
Order…………. Graminales
Family………… Gramineae
Genus………… Zea
Species………. mays
Subspecies….. Saccharata
Variety……….. Golden Bantam
16

17. B. Functional System
1. Agronomic crops
2. Horticultural crops
17

18. However: Advances in technology (e.g.
mechanization) and the discovery of more uses of
crops have made the above distinction obsolete.
 The “boundary” between agronomic crops and
horticultural crops has becomes less clear.
 Thus, a crop plant may be an agronomic crop
under one situation, and a horticultural crop
under another situation.
18

19. Summary of comparison between agronomic and
horticultural crop
Criteria Agronomic crops Horticultural crops
Consumption Usually processed
and are eaten in the
mature stage
Usually eaten in fresh
formed and can be
eaten at any stage
depending on purpose
Aesthetic value lower higher
Nutritive value carbohydrates,
protein and lipids
plus vitamins and
minerals
Provide important
vitamin and minerals,
some carbohydrates,
proteins and lipids

20. Summary of comparison between agronomic and
horticultural crop
Criteria Agronomic crops Horticultural crops
Criteria Agronomic crops Horticultural crops
Life cycle Semi-annual, annual,
few perennials
Semi-annual, annual,
biennial and perennial
Compatibility to
farming system
less Highly compatible
Moisture content
of harvested
product
low high

21. Functional System
AGRONOMIC CROPS HORTICULTURAL CROPS
1. Cereal or grain crops
2. Grain legumes
3. Fiber crops
4. Root and tuber crops
5. Forage legumes and
grasses
6. Industrial crops
1. Fruits
2. Vegetables
3. Flowers
4. Plantation crops

22. AGRONOMIC
CROPS
Cereal or Grain Crops Grain legumes or pulses
• Staples
• source of carbohydrates
• Leguminoseae
• Rich in proteins
• Possess rhizobium bacteria, a
nitrogen fixing bacteria
• Mungbean, peanuts, soybeans,
other pulses

23. AGRONOMIC
CROPS
Fiber crops
kenaf
ramie
jute
cotton

24. AGRONOMIC
CROPS
Root and tuber crops
• tuber, specialized storage stem of
certain seed plants. Tubers are usually
short and thickened and typically grow
below the soil. Largely composed of
starch-storing parenchyma tissue
• Roots crop (such as turnips) grown for its
enlarged roots
potato
cassava
yam
sugarbeets

25. AGRONOMIC
CROPS
Forage legumes and grasses for
animal fodder
Fodder refers to
food, especially
dried hay or feed,
for cattle and other
livestock
Centrosema Ipil-ipil
Townsville stylo
Siratro

26. AGRONOMIC
CROPS
Forage legumes and forage grasses
for animal fodder
Fodder
refers to
food,
especially
dried hay or
feed, for
cattle and
other
livestock
Napier grass
Guinea grass
Paragrass
Pangola grass
Alabang X

27. AGRONOMIC CROPS
Industrial Crops
Crops that are used
as raw materials of
other primary and
secondary products.
abaca
corn coffee
coconut sugarcane
cacao
tobacco
Castor bean sunflower
wheat
jatropha

28. AGRONOMIC
CROPS
Industrial Crops
Abaca products
Corn products
Jatropha products
Coffee products
Cacao products
Sunflower products
Wheat products

29. SPECIAL PURPOSE CLASSIFICATION
OF AGRONOMIC CROPS
Soiling crop
Cut green
and fed
immediatel
y to
livestock
without
further
curing or
processing
Centrosema Ipil-ipil
Townsville stylo Siratro
Napier
grass
Guinea
grass
Paragrass
Pangola
grass
Alabang X
Centrose
ma

30. SPECIAL PURPOSE CLASSIFICATION
OF AGRONOMIC CROPS
Green manure
Crop grown and
plowed under while still
green to decompose
and turn into organic
matter thereby
improving soil quality.

31. SPECIAL PURPOSE CLASSIFICATION
OF AGRONOMIC CROPS
Cover crop
Grown as soil covering
against erosion
Serves as green manure crop or
fertilizer when turned under as it
decompose
Calopogonium Kudzu Centrosema

32. SPECIAL PURPOSE CLASSIFICATION
OF AGRONOMIC CROPS
Catch crop/ emergency crop
A quick-growing crop
planted when main
crops failed
Also grown between
successive plantings
of a main crop
Radish
Petchay
Lettuce
Beans

33. General Classification of Crops
1. Based on growth duration
 Annuals- life completed in one growing season.
*Winter annuals- utilized parts of two growing season
in completing its life cycle. Winter annuals are
planted in the fall, vernalized during the fall and
winter after which they produce seed and die the
following summer.
 Biennials- plants completed their life in two growing
season.
 Perennials- plants that have the ability to repeat their life
cycle indefinitely by circumbenting the death stage;
may be herbaceous as in species with underground
rhizomes; or may be also be woody, as in shrubs, lianas
(grape) and trees (orange).
33

34. 2. Based on Stem Type
Herb- non-woody stem, existing primarily in
vegetative form, eg. Corn, tomato.
Shrubs- with self supporting stem, is one with
several more or less upright stems
Tree- has a single central and woody stem and
usually taller than shrub at its peak height.
Vines- a succulent plant without self-supporting
stem like Beans, bitter vine
*Liana- a woody plant without self-supporting
stem
Example: Grapes
34

35. 3. Based on stem Growth Form
Erect- stand upright without physical support,
growing at about 90-degree angle to the ground,
(mungbean).
Decumbent- growth starts off prostrate and the
ends become upright. Few peanut var.
Creeping or repent- growing along the ground
and producing roots at intervals along surface
(strawberry).
Climbing- plants with modified vegetative parts
(stem or leaves) that enable them to climb and
wrap around the a nearby physical support, so
they do not have to creep on the ground, yam
(Dioscorea sp.) 35

36. 4. Based on Adaptation
4.1 Temperature adaptation
 Cool season or temperate crops. Plant that prefer a
temperature of between 15-18ºC for growth and
development. Ex. Wheat.
 Warm season or tropical plants. Require warm
temperature of between 18- 27ºC during the growing
season. Ex. Rice and corn.
4.2 Response to light
 Sciophytes- prefer shady conditions. Ex: some orchids.
 Heliophytes- plant that grow and survive best in direct
sunlight. Ex. Peanut, rice and corn.
36

37. 5. Based on Habitat
 Terrestrial – Plants that are living or growing on land
rather than in water or on the air. Ex. Corn,
mango.
 Aquatic- Plants that live or grow in water. Ex. Lilies.
 Halophytes- Plants capable of growing in salty soils.
 Found in salt marshes and mangrove swamps.
 Halophytes has their salt –secreting glands in their
leaves.
 Ex. Mangrove trees.
 Epiphytes- plants that grow on live trees or dead
trunks but do not depend on them for water and
nutrients. Ex. Orchids.
 Xerophytes- a plant adapted for life and growth with a
limited water supply
 Saprophyte- grow in places rich in decaying organic
matters 37

38. 5. Based on Origins
 Indigenous crops- crops originated and distributed in
land
 Exotic crops- originated and distributed from other
countries
6. Based on Family
38
English Name Scientific Name Family Name
1 Job’s Tears Coix lacryma jobi Poaceae
2 Bread Wheat Triticum aristatum L. Gramineae
3 Castor Bean Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae
4 Centrosema Centrosema pubescens L. Leguminoseae
5 Chick Pea Cicer arietinum L. Leguminoseae
6 Corn Zea mays L. Poaceae
7 Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. Malvaceae
8 Cowpea Vigna sinensis L.
Vigna unguiculata L.
Leguminoseae

39. End of Lecture
QUIZ

40. 40
1. Shade-loving plants
2. Can thrive on less water
supply
3. Sun-loving plants
4. Salt- loving plants
5. Lives on dead organic
matters
A. Sciophyte
B. Epiphyte
C. Halophyte
D. Heliophyte
E. Xerophyte
F. Saprophyte
DAT ID 09/03/2019

41. 41
1. Ipil-ipil planted with black pepper
2. Main crop is rice and sweet
potato is planted to trap some rats
3. Rice is the main crop but may
have been destroyed by typhoon
therefore pechay or mustard is
planted immediately
4. Grasses that are grown, cut and
directly fed to animals
5. Grasses grown, cut, fermented,
and preserved before being fed
to animals
A. Trap crop
B. Catch crop
C. Silage
D. Soilage
E. Companion
crop
DAT IC 09/03/2019