The document discusses the goals of supporting threatened and viable wildlife species on the Siuslaw National Forest. It aims to balance restoring historic levels of early, young, mature, and old growth forest habitats while supporting species like the Northern Spotted Owl, Marbled Murrelet, and Oregon Silverspot butterfly. It provides examples of existing forest conditions and potential thinning prescriptions to improve habitat diversity and restore more early seral growth, while retaining features like large trees and dead wood critical for species like the Northern Spotted Owl.
P.PT on life in the temperate region of geography .detail information of prairies and velds. climate, location, vegetation, wildlife people of prairies and velds
The document introduces an eco-friendly resort located in a deciduous forest in Japan. The resort, operated by Green Journeys, Inc., allows guests to experience the temperate forest through activities like hiking, canoeing, camping, and wildlife viewing. It describes the four seasons, ranging from cold winters to warm summers, as well as the variety of plant and animal life in the forest, including trees, shrubs, insects, birds, and mammals. The resort takes steps to reduce its environmental impact through practices like asking guests to reuse towels and installing energy-efficient windows and low-flow fixtures.
This document describes different climate regions in the temperate zone, including:
1) Warm temperate west marginal regions along western coasts with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters such as parts of Europe, North Africa, and Australia. Agriculture, fishing, and fruit farming are important economic activities.
2) Cool temperate oceanic regions along western coasts with mild, rainy climates like Western Europe that have dense populations and are highly industrialized and economically advanced.
3) Cold temperate grasslands in continental interiors with warm summers and very cold winters such as the prairies of North America that are important agricultural regions.
There are two main types of forests found in Swat, Pakistan: sub-alpine forests and Himalayan moist temperate forests. Sub-alpine forests are located between 3,350 to 4,000 meters in elevation and experience short summers and long, cold winters with over 1 meter of annual snowfall. They contain trees like fir, pine, and juniper up to 8-9 meters tall. Himalayan moist temperate forests occur from 1,700 to 3,350 meters and receive heavy rainfall in summer and snow in winter. Trees can reach heights of 25-50 meters and contain species like pine, deodar, oak, and rhododendron. Both forest types are important
The document describes the three major types of forests: tropical forests located near the equator with plants like orchids and animals like jaguars; temperate forests which receive more rainfall and include coniferous, broadleaved, and mixed forests with plants like oak and animals like foxes; and boreal or taiga forests located in northern regions with long cold winters and coniferous trees like pine and animals such as moose and wolves.
The document discusses the temperate grasslands of North America (called the Prairies) and South Africa (called the Velds). It describes the climate, vegetation, animals, and human activities found in each region. The Prairies have a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. Tall grass dominates and the bison was an important animal. People engage in cattle ranching and farming. The Velds have a milder climate due to ocean influence and receive summer rainfall. Grasses, acacia trees and animals like lions are found there. People raise cattle and sheep, and mining is important.
The Sahara desert is the world's largest hot desert, located in North Africa. It covers an area of 8.54 million square kilometers and touches 11 countries. The climate is very hot and dry, with high daytime temperatures sometimes reaching 50 degrees Celsius. Vegetation is sparse but includes cacti, date palms, and acacia trees, while animals include camels, hyenas, foxes, and various snakes and lizards. Tribal peoples such as the Bedouins and Tauregs live in the Sahara desert and rely on livestock like goats, sheep and camels for milk, meat, and materials for clothing, shelter, and tools.
P.PT on life in the temperate region of geography .detail information of prairies and velds. climate, location, vegetation, wildlife people of prairies and velds
The document introduces an eco-friendly resort located in a deciduous forest in Japan. The resort, operated by Green Journeys, Inc., allows guests to experience the temperate forest through activities like hiking, canoeing, camping, and wildlife viewing. It describes the four seasons, ranging from cold winters to warm summers, as well as the variety of plant and animal life in the forest, including trees, shrubs, insects, birds, and mammals. The resort takes steps to reduce its environmental impact through practices like asking guests to reuse towels and installing energy-efficient windows and low-flow fixtures.
This document describes different climate regions in the temperate zone, including:
1) Warm temperate west marginal regions along western coasts with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters such as parts of Europe, North Africa, and Australia. Agriculture, fishing, and fruit farming are important economic activities.
2) Cool temperate oceanic regions along western coasts with mild, rainy climates like Western Europe that have dense populations and are highly industrialized and economically advanced.
3) Cold temperate grasslands in continental interiors with warm summers and very cold winters such as the prairies of North America that are important agricultural regions.
There are two main types of forests found in Swat, Pakistan: sub-alpine forests and Himalayan moist temperate forests. Sub-alpine forests are located between 3,350 to 4,000 meters in elevation and experience short summers and long, cold winters with over 1 meter of annual snowfall. They contain trees like fir, pine, and juniper up to 8-9 meters tall. Himalayan moist temperate forests occur from 1,700 to 3,350 meters and receive heavy rainfall in summer and snow in winter. Trees can reach heights of 25-50 meters and contain species like pine, deodar, oak, and rhododendron. Both forest types are important
The document describes the three major types of forests: tropical forests located near the equator with plants like orchids and animals like jaguars; temperate forests which receive more rainfall and include coniferous, broadleaved, and mixed forests with plants like oak and animals like foxes; and boreal or taiga forests located in northern regions with long cold winters and coniferous trees like pine and animals such as moose and wolves.
The document discusses the temperate grasslands of North America (called the Prairies) and South Africa (called the Velds). It describes the climate, vegetation, animals, and human activities found in each region. The Prairies have a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. Tall grass dominates and the bison was an important animal. People engage in cattle ranching and farming. The Velds have a milder climate due to ocean influence and receive summer rainfall. Grasses, acacia trees and animals like lions are found there. People raise cattle and sheep, and mining is important.
The Sahara desert is the world's largest hot desert, located in North Africa. It covers an area of 8.54 million square kilometers and touches 11 countries. The climate is very hot and dry, with high daytime temperatures sometimes reaching 50 degrees Celsius. Vegetation is sparse but includes cacti, date palms, and acacia trees, while animals include camels, hyenas, foxes, and various snakes and lizards. Tribal peoples such as the Bedouins and Tauregs live in the Sahara desert and rely on livestock like goats, sheep and camels for milk, meat, and materials for clothing, shelter, and tools.
The document discusses the prairies biome. It notes that grasslands exist due to seasonal drought, fire, and grazing. The prairies have cold winters and hot summers with sparse rainfall. Grasses like little bluestem and big bluestem dominate the prairie landscape. Many animal species are associated with the prairies, including bison, prairie dogs, coyotes, golden eagles, and burrowing owls. The prairies provide a history of past ecosystems and cultures through the remains of grassland fossils.
There are 8 major biomes on Earth: tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, deserts, chaparral, grasslands, temperate deciduous forests, temperate boreal forests, and tundra. Biomes are defined by similar climate conditions and types of plants and animals. Climate, especially temperature and rainfall, are the primary factors determining the location and characteristics of different biomes. Latitude and elevation also impact climate and therefore affect biome distribution globally.
CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF THE AMERICAN GRASSLAND PRAIRIESTPV TIME PASS VIDEOS
THIS PPT TELLS US ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF THE GRASSLANDS OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENT, PRAIRIES. THIS ALLOWS US TO DISCOVER THE BEAUTY OF THE GRASSLANDS.
The document provides information about the Thar Desert located in northwestern India and Pakistan, and the Sahara Desert located in Northern Africa. The Thar Desert is the 9th largest subtropical desert in the world, covering an area between the Aravalli Hills and Indus River. It features massive shifting sand dunes and sparse vegetation. The region supports a variety of wildlife including 141 bird species and reptiles. Agriculture is the main occupation but crops often fail due to drought. The Sahara is the largest subtropical desert, covering around 9 million square kilometers across Northern Africa. It has an extremely hot and arid climate with little rainfall. The desert flora and fauna have adapted to these harsh conditions, including species
This document discusses the Mediterranean scrubland biome. It notes that this biome, which surrounds much of the Mediterranean Sea, is known by several names like Mediterranean biome, woodland biome, or shrub/chaparral biome. It has a climate of mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The biome is characterized by evergreen shrubs with small, leathery leaves that are often aromatic and flammable, helping the plants cope with the dry summers. Common plant and animal species found in this biome include olive trees, carob trees, cypress, juniper, rosemary, thyme, kingfishers, robins, griffon vultures, peregrine falcons
The boreal forest, also known as the taiga, is the largest biome in the world. It spans northern regions including Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. The taiga has long, cold winters and short, mild summers with moderate rainfall mainly in summer. Plants and animals in the taiga are adapted to the harsh climate, with trees having needles and flexible branches to withstand heavy snow. Common animal species include moose, deer, lynx, and snowshoe hare. The taiga provides important resources but is threatened by logging, pollution, and climate change.
The document outlines the major terrestrial and marine biomes of the world, including tropical rainforests, temperate deciduous forests, boreal forests, tundra, deserts, temperate grasslands, savannahs, chaparral, urban areas, open oceans, estuaries, coral reefs, barrier islands, shallow oceans, mangrove forests, rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. It provides an assignment asking students to create a "Biome in a Box" project due October 7th describing one biome in more detail through a map, terrain, key plants and animals found there and their adaptations, and how humans have impacted the biome's ecosystem and climate.
Temperate rainforests are located along coastal regions between 38-61 degrees north latitude in Canada, Chile, parts of Europe, New Zealand, and southern Australia. They receive over 200cm of rainfall annually and average temperatures of 5-25 degrees Celsius. Temperate rainforests occur in narrow coastal strips backed by mountains, where ocean winds drop large amounts of moisture on the mountainsides, allowing trees to grow very large and the forest floor to be covered with mosses, ferns, and fungi. Most animals live sheltered on the forest floor or in tree bark and decomposing plants.
This document provides an overview of tropical grasslands around the world. It discusses their locations near the equator in regions like Africa, Australia, South America, and India. It describes the typical climate of tropical grasslands, which are hot year-round with distinct wet and dry seasons and annual rainfall between 20-50 inches. It also lists some of the common plant and animal species found in these ecosystems, including grasses, trees, buffalo, zebra, lions and more. Finally, it provides brief details about the Masai people and their traditional way of life in the grasslands of Kenya and Tanzania.
Natural vegetation refers to plant and tree cover that exists before human modification for activities like farming, mining, logging, and development. It provides food and building materials for humans and animals. Different types of natural vegetation include forests, shrubs, grasslands, tundra and Mediterranean vegetation defined by climate and suitable plant life. Wildlife also depends on natural vegetation for survival.
The Sahara desert is the largest subtropical desert in the world, spanning 9.4 million square kilometers of North Africa. The Thar desert, located in India and Pakistan, is the 9th largest subtropical desert globally. Both deserts are characterized by extreme heat and aridity, with sand dunes and gravel plains shaped by wind. Vegetation in the Sahara and Thar has adapted to the harsh conditions through mechanisms like deep roots and water storage. Animal life in the Thar is diverse given the varied habitat, with many species like the blackbuck surviving through local protection and smaller size.
The Thar Desert spans parts of India and Pakistan, covering an area of over 2,000,000 square kilometers. It is the world's 9th largest subtropical desert. The desert experiences low and irregular rainfall between 100-500 mm annually, and is prone to wind erosion. Several measures have been taken to control desertification, such as erecting barriers to stabilize sand dunes and bringing fresh water to the region via the Indira Gandhi Canal. Despite harsh conditions, the Thar Desert supports a diverse array of plant and animal species and is home to over 23 million people, making it the most densely populated desert in the world. The dominant occupation in the region involves agriculture and animal husbandry.
This document provides an overview of temperate grasslands, including their location, climate, soil characteristics, and major types. The major temperate grasslands discussed are steppes, prairies, pampas, and veldt. Key details about the climate, dominant plants, and characteristic animal species of each grassland type are described. The document also discusses threats to temperate grasslands from overgrazing, invasive species, and urbanization, as well as conservation strategies.
The document describes several different climate regions around the world, including their key characteristics. The hot, wet equatorial region is described as having great temperature uniformity, the heaviest rainfall on the planet, and the densest forests containing the greatest biodiversity. The monsoon region is said to have three distinct seasons and be greatly impacted by the periodic reversal of wind systems. Savanna regions are described as having the tallest grasses, being prone to fires, and containing the greatest variety of large herbivores and carnivores.
The normal summer temperature is 38° Celsius and the normal winter temperature is -2° Celsius. Deserts receive very little rainfall and most water evaporates quickly. The Sahara desert is the largest and hottest desert in the world. Deserts have a variety of plants like cacti, yuccas and trees that have adapted to the dry conditions. Animals living in deserts include horned lizards, kangaroo rats, roadrunners and meerkats that have developed ways to survive the heat and lack of water.
Desert tourism resources of india sadique alialisdq550
The document summarizes desert tourism in India. It discusses the different types of deserts in India, including the Thar Desert in Rajasthan and Gujarat, the Jodhpur Desert, and the Kutch Desert. It outlines some of the key attractions and activities in major desert destinations like Jaisalmer. These include visiting cultural sites like Jaisalmer Fort, enjoying camel safaris and sand dune camping. The document also notes that deserts support unique biodiversity and that festivals celebrate the culture and traditions of desert communities. In conclusion, it states that desert tourism is an emerging concept in India and popular festivals attract domestic and foreign tourists to experience activities like camel riding and camping
Structural Characteristics of an Old-Growth Coast Redwood6D45520z848622K444
This document summarizes research on the structural characteristics of an old-growth coastal redwood forest stand in Mendocino County, California. Tree densities are relatively low compared to managed stands, with sizes ranging from less than 5cm to over 254cm in diameter. Dominant species include tanoak, Douglas-fir, and redwood. Snag densities are provided. The stand has a mix of size classes but recruitment is limited. Tanoaks dominate smaller sizes while redwoods are in all sizes, with the largest Douglas-firs between 101-152cm diameter. Snag densities are low. The stand structure provides a reference for comparing other old-growth redwood forests.
This document provides details about the Rainbow Valley Agricultural Cooperative's 216-acre property in Denton County, Texas, which they manage for open space and wildlife. The property contains a mix of habitats including tall grass prairie and riparian woodland. Current and planned management activities focus on habitat restoration and protection of native plants and animals, including conducting controlled burns, removing invasive species, and monitoring wildlife. Lists of observed amphibian, mammal, and bird species demonstrate the biodiversity supported by the property.
The document discusses the prairies biome. It notes that grasslands exist due to seasonal drought, fire, and grazing. The prairies have cold winters and hot summers with sparse rainfall. Grasses like little bluestem and big bluestem dominate the prairie landscape. Many animal species are associated with the prairies, including bison, prairie dogs, coyotes, golden eagles, and burrowing owls. The prairies provide a history of past ecosystems and cultures through the remains of grassland fossils.
There are 8 major biomes on Earth: tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, deserts, chaparral, grasslands, temperate deciduous forests, temperate boreal forests, and tundra. Biomes are defined by similar climate conditions and types of plants and animals. Climate, especially temperature and rainfall, are the primary factors determining the location and characteristics of different biomes. Latitude and elevation also impact climate and therefore affect biome distribution globally.
CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF THE AMERICAN GRASSLAND PRAIRIESTPV TIME PASS VIDEOS
THIS PPT TELLS US ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF THE GRASSLANDS OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENT, PRAIRIES. THIS ALLOWS US TO DISCOVER THE BEAUTY OF THE GRASSLANDS.
The document provides information about the Thar Desert located in northwestern India and Pakistan, and the Sahara Desert located in Northern Africa. The Thar Desert is the 9th largest subtropical desert in the world, covering an area between the Aravalli Hills and Indus River. It features massive shifting sand dunes and sparse vegetation. The region supports a variety of wildlife including 141 bird species and reptiles. Agriculture is the main occupation but crops often fail due to drought. The Sahara is the largest subtropical desert, covering around 9 million square kilometers across Northern Africa. It has an extremely hot and arid climate with little rainfall. The desert flora and fauna have adapted to these harsh conditions, including species
This document discusses the Mediterranean scrubland biome. It notes that this biome, which surrounds much of the Mediterranean Sea, is known by several names like Mediterranean biome, woodland biome, or shrub/chaparral biome. It has a climate of mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The biome is characterized by evergreen shrubs with small, leathery leaves that are often aromatic and flammable, helping the plants cope with the dry summers. Common plant and animal species found in this biome include olive trees, carob trees, cypress, juniper, rosemary, thyme, kingfishers, robins, griffon vultures, peregrine falcons
The boreal forest, also known as the taiga, is the largest biome in the world. It spans northern regions including Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. The taiga has long, cold winters and short, mild summers with moderate rainfall mainly in summer. Plants and animals in the taiga are adapted to the harsh climate, with trees having needles and flexible branches to withstand heavy snow. Common animal species include moose, deer, lynx, and snowshoe hare. The taiga provides important resources but is threatened by logging, pollution, and climate change.
The document outlines the major terrestrial and marine biomes of the world, including tropical rainforests, temperate deciduous forests, boreal forests, tundra, deserts, temperate grasslands, savannahs, chaparral, urban areas, open oceans, estuaries, coral reefs, barrier islands, shallow oceans, mangrove forests, rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. It provides an assignment asking students to create a "Biome in a Box" project due October 7th describing one biome in more detail through a map, terrain, key plants and animals found there and their adaptations, and how humans have impacted the biome's ecosystem and climate.
Temperate rainforests are located along coastal regions between 38-61 degrees north latitude in Canada, Chile, parts of Europe, New Zealand, and southern Australia. They receive over 200cm of rainfall annually and average temperatures of 5-25 degrees Celsius. Temperate rainforests occur in narrow coastal strips backed by mountains, where ocean winds drop large amounts of moisture on the mountainsides, allowing trees to grow very large and the forest floor to be covered with mosses, ferns, and fungi. Most animals live sheltered on the forest floor or in tree bark and decomposing plants.
This document provides an overview of tropical grasslands around the world. It discusses their locations near the equator in regions like Africa, Australia, South America, and India. It describes the typical climate of tropical grasslands, which are hot year-round with distinct wet and dry seasons and annual rainfall between 20-50 inches. It also lists some of the common plant and animal species found in these ecosystems, including grasses, trees, buffalo, zebra, lions and more. Finally, it provides brief details about the Masai people and their traditional way of life in the grasslands of Kenya and Tanzania.
Natural vegetation refers to plant and tree cover that exists before human modification for activities like farming, mining, logging, and development. It provides food and building materials for humans and animals. Different types of natural vegetation include forests, shrubs, grasslands, tundra and Mediterranean vegetation defined by climate and suitable plant life. Wildlife also depends on natural vegetation for survival.
The Sahara desert is the largest subtropical desert in the world, spanning 9.4 million square kilometers of North Africa. The Thar desert, located in India and Pakistan, is the 9th largest subtropical desert globally. Both deserts are characterized by extreme heat and aridity, with sand dunes and gravel plains shaped by wind. Vegetation in the Sahara and Thar has adapted to the harsh conditions through mechanisms like deep roots and water storage. Animal life in the Thar is diverse given the varied habitat, with many species like the blackbuck surviving through local protection and smaller size.
The Thar Desert spans parts of India and Pakistan, covering an area of over 2,000,000 square kilometers. It is the world's 9th largest subtropical desert. The desert experiences low and irregular rainfall between 100-500 mm annually, and is prone to wind erosion. Several measures have been taken to control desertification, such as erecting barriers to stabilize sand dunes and bringing fresh water to the region via the Indira Gandhi Canal. Despite harsh conditions, the Thar Desert supports a diverse array of plant and animal species and is home to over 23 million people, making it the most densely populated desert in the world. The dominant occupation in the region involves agriculture and animal husbandry.
This document provides an overview of temperate grasslands, including their location, climate, soil characteristics, and major types. The major temperate grasslands discussed are steppes, prairies, pampas, and veldt. Key details about the climate, dominant plants, and characteristic animal species of each grassland type are described. The document also discusses threats to temperate grasslands from overgrazing, invasive species, and urbanization, as well as conservation strategies.
The document describes several different climate regions around the world, including their key characteristics. The hot, wet equatorial region is described as having great temperature uniformity, the heaviest rainfall on the planet, and the densest forests containing the greatest biodiversity. The monsoon region is said to have three distinct seasons and be greatly impacted by the periodic reversal of wind systems. Savanna regions are described as having the tallest grasses, being prone to fires, and containing the greatest variety of large herbivores and carnivores.
The normal summer temperature is 38° Celsius and the normal winter temperature is -2° Celsius. Deserts receive very little rainfall and most water evaporates quickly. The Sahara desert is the largest and hottest desert in the world. Deserts have a variety of plants like cacti, yuccas and trees that have adapted to the dry conditions. Animals living in deserts include horned lizards, kangaroo rats, roadrunners and meerkats that have developed ways to survive the heat and lack of water.
Desert tourism resources of india sadique alialisdq550
The document summarizes desert tourism in India. It discusses the different types of deserts in India, including the Thar Desert in Rajasthan and Gujarat, the Jodhpur Desert, and the Kutch Desert. It outlines some of the key attractions and activities in major desert destinations like Jaisalmer. These include visiting cultural sites like Jaisalmer Fort, enjoying camel safaris and sand dune camping. The document also notes that deserts support unique biodiversity and that festivals celebrate the culture and traditions of desert communities. In conclusion, it states that desert tourism is an emerging concept in India and popular festivals attract domestic and foreign tourists to experience activities like camel riding and camping
Similar to 09 practitioners-approach-to-early-seral-habitats-on-lands-managed-primarily-for-older-forest-or-there-is-more-to-healthy-forests-than-conifer-trees-miller
Structural Characteristics of an Old-Growth Coast Redwood6D45520z848622K444
This document summarizes research on the structural characteristics of an old-growth coastal redwood forest stand in Mendocino County, California. Tree densities are relatively low compared to managed stands, with sizes ranging from less than 5cm to over 254cm in diameter. Dominant species include tanoak, Douglas-fir, and redwood. Snag densities are provided. The stand has a mix of size classes but recruitment is limited. Tanoaks dominate smaller sizes while redwoods are in all sizes, with the largest Douglas-firs between 101-152cm diameter. Snag densities are low. The stand structure provides a reference for comparing other old-growth redwood forests.
This document provides details about the Rainbow Valley Agricultural Cooperative's 216-acre property in Denton County, Texas, which they manage for open space and wildlife. The property contains a mix of habitats including tall grass prairie and riparian woodland. Current and planned management activities focus on habitat restoration and protection of native plants and animals, including conducting controlled burns, removing invasive species, and monitoring wildlife. Lists of observed amphibian, mammal, and bird species demonstrate the biodiversity supported by the property.
The document provides information about different types of forests found in India. It discusses tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, tropical thorn forests and scrubs, montane forests, and mangrove forests. For each forest type, it describes the climate and rainfall conditions they are found in, the dominant plant and tree species, and some examples of animal life.
The Relationship Between the Understory Shrub Component of Coastal Redwoods6D45520z848622K444
The document discusses the relationship between understory shrub cover in coastal forests and carnivore conservation. Historically, coastal forests had dense shrub layers but logging has reduced shrub complexity. Three carnivore species were studied: American martens prefer dense shrub cover above 80% and their range has declined 95%; fishers and gray foxes use lower shrub cover below 60% and have expanded their ranges into coastal forests. Maintaining shrub cover is important for carnivore diversity in coastal forests, especially for the conservation of American martens.
Threats of loss of fish breeding grounds due to loss of mangrovesDhiman GAIN
Mangroves in Asia are threatened by loss of habitat, which negatively impacts fish breeding grounds. Over 25% of mangroves in Asia were lost from 1980-2005, mainly in Indonesia, Pakistan, Vietnam, Malaysia, and India. Mangroves are important ecosystems that protect coastlines from erosion, serve as fish breeding grounds, and support local livelihoods. Their loss contributes to environmental degradation and economic and social problems for coastal communities. Responsibility for addressing the issue lies with local communities, governments, and authorities who must develop and apply policies to restore mangroves and manage them sustainably through community involvement and protected area designation.
This document discusses rangeland management. It defines rangelands as areas of native vegetation suitable for grazing. It describes different types of rangelands around the world including grasslands, steppes, prairies, savannas, and tundra. Rangelands provide benefits like livestock forage, wildlife habitat, recreation and more. The document outlines management techniques for rangelands such as invasive species control using herbicides, replanting overgrazed areas, rotational grazing, and fencing off protected areas. It also discusses pioneers in the field like Arthur Sampson and different grazing methods.
The document discusses different types of forests found around the world, including tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn forests, mangrove forests, and coniferous forests. It provides details on the climate, vegetation, and geographic distribution of each forest type. It also discusses the importance of forests in providing habitat for biodiversity and notes some threats to forests from human activities.
Theory To Practice Can We Manage Riparian Areas For More Than Big TreesEcoshare
The document discusses managing riparian areas and vegetation in the Siuslaw National Forest in Oregon. It notes the importance of restoring road runoff/sediment control, riparian vegetation, and in-stream habitat. However, the National Marine Fisheries Service currently prohibits thinning trees within 100 feet of coho salmon streams due to short-term impact risks. The Forest Service proposes limited thinning farther than 100 feet to accelerate development of large trees, while maintaining streamside shade, but this remains an ongoing disagreement without resolution.
Blair Frantz - SFS Field Guide - Australia FINALBlair Frantz
The document summarizes the work of Trees for the Evelyn and Atherton Tablelands (TREAT), a community-based tree planting group in Queensland, Australia. TREAT was founded in 1982 to encourage planting of native rainforest trees and has since planted over 500,000 trees. Their work focuses on restoring degraded lands and creating wildlife corridors. The document also describes Peterson Creek, where TREAT has worked since 1998 to establish a corridor connecting two isolated forest patches by planting over 89,000 trees along the creek.
The document discusses several endangered species of both animals and plants and some of the key threats they face, such as habitat loss, poaching, climate change, and overhunting. It provides examples of 10 endangered animal species, including tigers, polar bears, Pacific walruses, Magellanic penguins, leatherback turtles, bluefin tuna, mountain gorillas, monarch butterflies, Javan rhinoceros, and giant pandas. It also lists 10 endangered tree species and describes threats such as logging, fires, grazing, and human settlement that are reducing their populations. In closing, it suggests some actions that could be taken to help protect endangered species, such as enacting hunting laws, providing safe
Wildlife provides many benefits to forests such as seed dispersal and nutrient recycling. In turn, forests provide wildlife with food, water, cover and habitat. Good forest stewardship incorporates wildlife needs into management plans by considering all components of the forest ecosystem. Plans should provide a diversity of habitat types including forest floor, mid-canopy and tree tops to support different species. Practices like retaining deadwood, cavities, mast-producing plants and protecting wetlands and streams benefit wildlife. Management should account for species' specific needs and how the land can contribute to regional habitat connectivity and diversity.
REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS CALIFORNIA, UN Evironment Program6D45520z848622K444
Redwood National and State Parks in northern California protect over 56,000 hectares of coastal temperate rainforest dominated by massive coast redwood trees. The park contains the largest remaining groves of these ancient trees, some over 2,000 years old and over 110 meters tall. Over 400 bird species and populations of mammals such as black bear, Roosevelt elk, and gray whale inhabit the diverse ecosystems within the park, which includes prairies, forests, streams, and coastal habitats. The park was established through the early 20th century to protect the remaining redwood groves and now includes four state parks managed cooperatively with the National Park Service.
The document discusses biodiversity hotspots around the world. It defines biodiversity hotspots as regions with exceptional concentrations of endemic plant and animal species that have experienced significant habitat loss. 35 hotspots have been identified that contain over 50% of the world's endemic plant species and 42% of terrestrial vertebrates, despite representing only 2.3% of the Earth's land. Some key hotspots mentioned include the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Sundaland, Mediterranean Basin, Horn of Africa, Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands, Forests of Australia, Caucasus, and Mesoamerica. Each hotspot contains a high number of endemic species and has experienced extensive habitat
The document discusses endangered species and some of the most endangered animals and plants. It provides details on 10 highly endangered animals, including the Siberian tiger, polar bear, Pacific walrus, and explains threats such as habitat loss, climate change, and poaching. It also lists 10 endangered plants species, such as the Bois Dentelle tree and Dragon Tree, and how logging and drought are reducing their populations. Possible solutions mentioned include enacting hunting laws, protecting habitats, reducing climate change, and recovering protected areas for threatened species.
The document discusses various types of tropical forests and issues related to deforestation. It defines tropical forests and describes different types including rain forests, mangrove forests, dry forests, savannas, cloud forests. It highlights the importance of tropical forests in terms of biodiversity and resources provided. The document then discusses the threats posed by deforestation and lists key factors driving deforestation such as clearing land for agriculture, demand for firewood, and logging for timber.
Temperate forests and tropical rain forestsAlen Shaji
The word forest is derived from Latin ‘Foris’ meaning outside, the reference being to village boundary fence, and must have included all uncultivated and uninhabitated land.
Today a forest is any land managed for the diverse purposes of forestry whether covered with trees, shrubs, climbers, etc.
The forest biomes include a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities.
Optimum conditions of temperature and ground moisture responsible for the growth of trees contribute greatly to the establishment of forest communities.
In addition, 50 mm rainfall is a pre-requisite for the trees.
The nature of soil, wind and air currents determines the distribution (abundance or sparseness) of forest vegetation.
The temperate forest biomes are characterized by a moderate climate and broad-leaved deciduous trees, which shed their
leaves in fall, are bare over winter and grow new foliage in the spring.
The Volga River is the largest river in Europe, flowing over 3,685 km from its source in northwest Russia before emptying into the Caspian Sea. Major cities like Volgograd and Nizhny Novgorod are located along its banks, and it contains diverse flora and fauna across its four sections. However, dams have altered the river's natural flow regime and water quality has declined due to factors like overfishing and pollution.
Forests cover 30% of the Earth's surface and provide important ecological and economic resources. They are classified as renewable or non-renewable. Tropical rainforests are located in central and South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia and contain the greatest biodiversity. Temperate and boreal forests are found in Europe, Asia, and North America. India has 20% forest cover, hosting tropical moist deciduous and tropical dry deciduous forests. Forests are threatened by deforestation but are managed through afforestation, joint forest management, and social forestry programs to balance use with conservation.
Forests are one of the most important natural resources, covering approximately 1/3 of the earth's total land area. Forests provide many essential functions like regulating climate and temperature, producing oxygen, conserving soil, and providing habitat for wildlife. However, forests are threatened by deforestation driven by factors like population growth, agricultural expansion, timber extraction, and dam construction. Deforestation has severe environmental and social consequences such as increased carbon emissions, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and displacement of indigenous communities. Conservation efforts like afforestation aim to restore forests and prevent further destruction of these vital ecosystems.
The document discusses various forest biomes around the world. It describes the key characteristics of tropical rainforests, temperate forests, and boreal forests. Tropical rainforests are located near the equator and have high biodiversity, temperature variation of less than 5 degrees throughout the year, and annual rainfall of 200-225 cm. Temperate forests have moderate climates and broad-leaved deciduous trees, and are located in parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Boreal forests occur in northern latitudes and have long cold winters and short warm summers, with coniferous trees as the dominant vegetation.
Similar to 09 practitioners-approach-to-early-seral-habitats-on-lands-managed-primarily-for-older-forest-or-there-is-more-to-healthy-forests-than-conifer-trees-miller (20)
The document discusses the development of an ecology core dataset for the Pacific Northwest region to support effective forest management. It describes how data was originally collected inconsistently across six autonomous areas but has since been standardized and compiled into a core dataset based on key attributes. Over 40,000 field plots were migrated to the standard format and made publicly available online. The dataset has been used for various applications like wildlife habitat mapping, fire monitoring, and developing vegetation layers. Future work includes completing potential vegetation mapping and compiling structural and soils datasets. Lessons learned emphasize the importance of data rescue, focusing on core attributes, maintaining location information, and continuing to add to the dataset over time.
This document discusses a brewery's request for a conditional use permit to expand its operations. It provides an overview of the brewery's growth over the past three years, including over 50% year-over-year growth and increased can sales and filling. It also discusses the brewery's need for additional parking under a new ordinance and its plans to add parking lots. The document addresses some concerns that have been raised and notes the economic benefits the brewery brings to the community as an employer.
1. The document discusses the Ecology Core Dataset which was created to provide basic terrestrial ecology data from 400m2 plots across 19 National Forests in the Pacific Northwest to support effective ecosystem management.
2. Over 40,000 plots were collected across the region but compiling the data into a consistent format presented challenges due to diverging standards between areas and missing data fields.
3. A data management expert was hired and the plot data was migrated to a core standardized dataset based on national data attributes and metadata. This compiled dataset was then made available online and used in various regional and national mapping and monitoring efforts.
Janet L. Ohmann - Trends in Early Seral Forest at the Stand and Landscape ScaleEcoshare
The document discusses trends in early-seral forest landscapes in coastal Oregon and central Oregon Cascades regions. It finds that while there is more early-seral forest area than historical levels, the character has changed due to different disturbance patterns and forest management practices across ownerships. Specifically, early-seral forests now have fewer legacy trees of lesser quality, shorter residence times, and changes in patch sizes and shapes. If current policies continue, diverse young forest habitat will continue to decline. Effective conservation requires considering all ownerships beyond just reserves, as much early-seral forest exists on non-federal lands. Small shifts in policies could make a difference, and new tools may help inform management decisions across landscapes.
The document discusses the effects of forest management practices on early seral habitats and the wildlife that use those habitats. It notes that early seral habitats following natural disturbances have certain structural characteristics including legacy trees and snags, as well as an open structure with low tree density. The composition includes herbs, grasses, shrubs, and hardwoods. However, conifer-centric forest management practices can alter these habitats by leaving fewer residual structures, changing the vegetation composition, and reducing the temporal span of the early seral stage. This can negatively impact the diversity of food resources and food webs that wildlife depend on.
Andy Gray - Alternatives for creating early seral forest openingsEcoshare
Early seral forests are successional stages that occur after disturbances like wildfires or logging before tree canopies close. The amount and type of disturbance affects how long an area remains in an early seral state and what plant and animal species are present. Different disturbance sizes, severities, frequencies, and available resources like light and soil moisture lead to different outcomes. Experiments were conducted comparing the effects of clearcutting, thinning, and burning in different forest types. Results showed that more severe disturbances like clearcutting increased soil moisture and species diversity compared to lighter disturbances. Residual overstory trees were also able to persist through some levels of disturbance. National Forest Management Act requirements to maintain appropriate forest cover could potentially be a barrier to enhancing early ser
Pete Holmberg - Early Seral Foresty: A State Trust Lands PerspectiveEcoshare
The document discusses early seral forestry management on state trust lands from several perspectives. It outlines policies related to maintaining a variety of forest stages and species. Planning considers objectives for both individual stands and landscapes. Techniques include cohort management to achieve multiple objectives at different scales, as well as planting, thinning, and variable retention harvests. The process involves disciplines defining objectives, foresters devising silvicultural prescriptions to meet objectives at stand and landscape scales over time, and focusing activities to refine imminent plans while maintaining desired seral conditions across landscapes.
K. Norman Johnson - Policies to Encourage Diverse, Early Seral Forest in Oreg...Ecoshare
The document discusses potential policy changes to encourage more diverse early successional forests in Oregon. On private lands, ideas include removing the free-to-grow requirement for reforestation, removing reforestation requirements entirely for small harvest units, and allowing landowners to substitute invasive species removal or wildlife plans instead of reforestation. On federal lands, ideas are to allow burned areas more natural recovery, implement longer harvest rotations on BLM lands, and conduct larger regeneration harvests on national forests to emulate natural disturbances. The overall goal is creating early successional forest habitat without increasing landowner costs or changing agency missions.
John A. Litvaitis - Case Study From Our Neighbors in the Eastern U.S.Ecoshare
This document discusses using natural disturbance regimes as guidelines for managing early-successional habitats in New England forests. It notes that many forest species rely on early successional habitats, which were historically provided by disturbances like fires, wind storms, beaver activity and flooding. However, estimating the historical frequency and scale of these disturbances is challenging. It also questions whether historical disturbance regimes are still relevant given modern landscape changes like parcelization and higher human and deer populations. The document suggests that managing for early successional habitats may require modifying natural disturbance approaches.
Andy Moldenke - Insects in Early Seral HabitatsEcoshare
The document discusses how insect communities differ between open canopy and closed canopy forest environments. It finds that about 50% of total arthropod species are only found in early succession open canopy areas in the short time after clearcutting. Open canopy areas tend to have higher species richness and abundance than closed canopy forests. Individual insect species, functional guilds, and whole taxa have different preferences and responses to shade versus sun conditions. Riparian zones also have distinct insect communities that can extend 50-70 meters from the stream, with higher richness and abundance closer to water.
Doug Cottam - Big Game in Early Seral ForestsEcoshare
This document discusses big game animals and early seral forest habitat in Oregon. It provides brief details on black bears, black-tailed deer, and Roosevelt elk. Black-tailed deer and Roosevelt elk reach their highest population densities in early seral forest habitats, which provide important food and cover. Both deer and elk populations depend on the plant diversity and high-quality forage found in early seral forests, especially following disturbances. However, their dependence on early seral forests is complex with other habitat factors also influencing populations.
Cheryl Friesen - What are the components of high quality early seral forests?Ecoshare
The document discusses the components of high quality early seral forests. It notes that these forests have snags, large trees, shrubs, down logs, tree seedlings, hardwoods, and grasses and forbs. Managing forests for complexity throughout succession helps ensure continuity of habitat elements over time. While no species are specifically tied to mid-seral forests, 116 species are generalists and 71 species are specifically tied to early seral forests and edges, requiring structural components like dead wood. These forests support a rich community of reptiles, birds, and mammals beyond what initially comes to mind, like deer, elk, and hawks.
Paul D. Anderson - Trends in Early Seral Forest at the Stand and Landscape Sc...Ecoshare
The document discusses trends in silvicultural practices and their influence on early-seral forest conditions. It describes how practices have evolved from custodial management pre-World War II, to production forestry focusing on clearcutting through the 20th century, to current ecosystem management with broader objectives. Current research emphasizes alternatives to clearcutting, thinning practices, and restoration. The quality of early-seral forests produced by different silvicultural approaches remains an important area of study.
Fred Swanson - Historical Creation of Early Seral Habitat: Fire, Wind, Bugs...Ecoshare
1. The document discusses early seral habitat creation through natural disturbances like fire, wind, bugs, and landslides, as well as human disturbances like forest cutting.
2. It notes that disturbances vary in the size of patches created and species that dominate post-disturbance, with different processes creating fine-scale complexity.
3. The largest patches are created by fire and forest cutting, while smaller patches are made by processes like landslides, wind, and bugs. There are questions around the character of current early seral habitats from forest management compared to pre-management conditions.
Jerry Franklin - Early seral forest: a diminishing resource?Ecoshare
The document discusses early successional forest communities that occur after stand-replacing disturbances before the reestablishment of a closed forest canopy. These communities have altered microclimates, are structurally and biologically rich, and alter ecosystem processes. They provide important habitat and are highly biodiverse, but salvage logging and reforestation efforts can negatively impact the recovery of these communities by removing structural legacies and reducing heterogeneity. Naturally regenerated early successional forests are likely more resilient to climate change due to their diversity.
Ecological Strategies Of Northeastern Scrub Shrub BirdsEcoshare
This document summarizes the ecological strategies of shrubland birds. It discusses how shrubland birds tend to have generalized habitat preferences, high dispersal rates, indifference or attraction to edges, and insensitivity to patch size. It also discusses management implications for shrubland habitats, including using a diversity of approaches with larger openings and simple shapes to benefit these bird species.
Management Of Wildlife And Fish Habitats In Forests Of Western Oregon And Was...Ecoshare
The document discusses how forest habitats in western Oregon and Washington have changed over time. It notes that conifer cover has decreased historically from 1914 to 2002. Snag levels have also fluctuated, initially with few snags and now with many more. The document presents a case study of the Umpqua National Forest and examines how different bird species responded during salvage logging periods following fires. It concludes that while forests constantly change, these changes do impact wildlife habitats.
Policies To Encourage Early Successional Ecosystems On Forest Sites In Oregon...Ecoshare
Early successional ecosystems in Oregon's Coast Range currently make up less than 3% of forests but are projected to be less than 2% in the future, with most being on state lands. The document discusses policy challenges around increasing these ecosystems on federal and private lands. On federal lands, a three stage approach is proposed: leave burned areas, demonstrate regeneration harvest strategies, and emulate large disturbances. On private lands, reducing regulatory burden while creating diverse early successional forests is discussed, such as removing free-to-grow requirements or allowing substitution of invasive removal or wildlife plans.
What About Riparian Systems Who Benefits From An Early Seral Forest ConditionEcoshare
This document appears to be a collection of studies and data related to forest streams and the impacts of logging. It includes data on nitrogen tracer recovery in different types of streams. It also includes data on the coefficient of variation (CV) of resident trout populations before and after logging, showing increased variation after logging for some streams. Tables show data on discharge and CV for three streams over different time periods, with higher CV values after logging for one stream. The document discusses hypotheses about aquatic versus terrestrial placement of materials and decay progression of different tree species. It also lists several cited papers and discusses potential impacts of increased temperature on aquatic ecosystems from logging, including both positive and negative possible impacts.
Deer and elk populations have historically fluctuated in Oregon and Washington due to factors like overhunting and severe winters. These species prefer early seral forest habitat after disturbances for food and cover, though their dietary needs differ. Many other wildlife species also rely on early seral forests for various habitat structures and food sources. While deer and elk populations can indicate early seral forest quality, managing solely for these species would not meet all habitat needs for the diverse wildlife that depend on early seral forests.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
9. Seral Stage
Historic
Natural
range of
variability in
Oregon
Coast Range
Existing amount of
FS land in a typical
40-50,000 acre
watershed
Difference
between existing
and historic
abundance
Early – grass, forb,
shrub, sapling,
pole (<30 years
old)
12-29% 4%
8 – 25% less
than historic
levels
Young (30-80 years
old)
15-31% 56%
25-41% more than
historic levels
Mature (80-200
years old)
12-28% 36%
8-24% more than
historic levels
Old Growth (>200
years old)
29-52% 4%
25-48% less
than historic
levels
10. •We have four species threatened withWe have four species threatened with
extinction because of these conditionsextinction because of these conditions
11. The Siuslaw National Forest has three
threatened wildlife species affected by low
amounts of these habitats; two are associated
with old growth forest and one is associated
with native coastal meadows
Oregon
silverspot
butterflyMarbled murrelet
Northern spotted owl
12. Rufus hummingbird:
forb and shrub nectar plants
Pacific slope flycatcher: deciduous hardwoods
Orange crowned
warbler: deciduous
shrubs & trees
Western bluebird:
early seral with
snags
13. I can propose projects, but I need more than
general goals.
I need measurable stand-scale goals that can be
used for treatment prescriptions.
14.
15. 97% of areas where
forest management
occurs on Central
Coast RD –
ODNRA is
allocated to older
forest management
97% of areas where
forest management
occurs on Central
Coast RD –
ODNRA is
allocated to older
forest management
16.
17. Old growth has really big live and dead trees,
but how many?
What else is important in old growth forest
habitat?
Can I do anything about early seral habitats
while restoring old growth forest habitat?
29. Desired condition for old
growth forest is about 10
overstory conifer trees per acre
(tpa), large dead wood, about 4-
19 large hardwood tpa, and
diverse understory (grasses,
forbs, shrubs, young trees)
30. Enough overstory conifers and hardwoods
trees to make it to old growth condition
Large limb and cavity development
Other considerations
31. Protect nesting northern spotted owls, marbled
murrelets, and bald eagles.
32. Thin stands less than 80
years old, and retain at
least 40% canopy cover.
33. trees greater than 50” dbh
with large cavities or
large limbs
34. Flying squirrel: big leaf maple, mycorrhizal fungi,
and tree cavities
Woodrat: shrubs and hardwood trees
Other species eaten by northern spotted owls that
are associated with early seral habitat: cottontail
rabbit, chipmunk, certain voles
35.
36.
37. Canopies close when…
• 60 Douglas-fir per acre are about 20-25” dbh
• 40 Douglas-fir are 30-35” dbh
• 13 Douglas-fir are about 90” dbh
38. Maintain viability of fish and plant species
Provide diverse opportunities for esthetic,
consumptive, and scientific uses of fish, wildlife,
and plants (FSM 2602).
Protect water quality…(FSM 2522.02).
Protect cultural and heritage resources (FSM 2361).
Develop safe, cost-effective fire management
activities …(FSM 5102).
Provide economic, especially timber, as well as
recreation opportunities for people (FSM 2411.02,
2302, and 2602).
39. Treat stands less than 80 years old
Keep at least 40% canopy cover in majority of
stands
Promote development of
Large conifer and hardwood trees
Large tree cavities, snags, and down wood
Grasses, forbs, and shrubs
Create down wood and snags
Produce economically viable timber sales
Use some funds from sale of timber to create dead
wood, maintain meadows, improve water quality,
and implement other restoration projects
47. Prescription 10 – Create
down wood, snags, and
promote cavity
development in live trees.
Concentrate dead wood in
clumps
Editor's Notes
This presentation is about how I rationalize and implement the integration of early seral habitats with restoration of old growth forest.
I will explain with more detail later, but, early seral habitat management is entwined with old growth because…
About 97% of my district is managed for older forest, and
I think early seral habitats are important elements of old growth forest
I will begin with goals and laws that guide wildlife management on FS administered lands, then talk about desired conditions and treatment prescriptions that attempt to meet these goals and laws.
When I say “early seral” in this presentation, I mean grasses, forbs, shrubs, or hardwood trees.
I do not mean conifer trees.
I think my job as a district wildlife biologist is more than “keeping the decision maker out of trouble,” it’s about finding ways to meet FS goals for wildlife while helping the district meet all of it’s other goals.
Forest Service Mission is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity
of the nation’s forests and grasslands
to meet the needs of present and future generations
Laws require the FS to maintain ecosystem health, diversity, and productivity by
supporting recovery of threatened or endangered species and…
supporting at least viable populations of all native and desired non-native species
These are the same laws that led to the Northwest Forest Plan, and
they are the same laws that the FS needs to continue embracing,
and adapting its management as time and science reveal the need for change.
Attaining FS wildlife goals requires a variety of habitats,
which support a variety of species.
The FS cannot meet its legal obligations to the American people if it does not maintain a variety of habitats across it’s landscapes
Improvement of ecosystem diversity and productivity
relates to restoring and maintaining biological and physical processes
within their natural range of variability
Many ecologists agree that the most important measure of ecosystem health is the abundance and distribution of seral stages.
This table compares natural range of variability for seral stages with existing seral stages.
Focus on Early seral and Old growth.
Early seral’s nrv was 12-29%, existing condition is 4%, thus - compared to nrv, existing condition is 8-25% less.
Old growth is 25-48% less than historic levels.
Ecosystem health on my district is not what it should be;
there is hardly any old growth forest,
Early seral habitats are disappearing,
mature forest is extremely fragmented,
there are too many dense monoculture conifer stands, and
streams lack complexity.
My district has four species threatened with extinction because of these conditions
The Siuslaw National Forest has three threatened wildlife species affected by low amounts of old growth and early seral habitats;
two are associated with old growth forest and one is associated with meadows
A number of other species associated with early seral habitats are also declining:
Populations of western bluebird, Rufus hummingbird, Pacific slope flycatcher, and Orange crowned warbler have seen better days
due to declining abundance of nectar plants, deciduous shrubs, and deciduous hardwoods.
Clearly, there is a need for more old growth and early seral forest, but what can I do about this?
I can propose projects, but I need more than general goals.
I need measurable stand-scale goals that can be used for treatment prescriptions
In the temperate rain forest of the Oregon Coast Range, stand-scale habitat condition is very much about which plants get the light.
For prescriptions, I need measureable goals that can be implemented, such as how many trees per acre and which species get the light, and how much light gets through the canopy.
These stand-scale goals also need to be consistent with current land allocations.
This map shows land allocations for my District.
Land allocations have specific goals. Basically, the areas where forest management occurs on my district are Late Successional Reserve, Riparian Reserve, or Matrix.
The goal of Late Successional Reserve – purple on this map - is to provide habitat for species associated with mature or old growth forest habitats.
Matrix - in green - is the only allocation where programmed timber management is a goal.
The goal of Riparian Reserve – shown on the next map – is conservation of aquatic resources; such as water quality and fish. Currently RR are managed primarily for older forest.
97% of areas where forest management occurs on my district is allocated to older forest management
This map shows Riparian Reserve with blue, LSR is purple, and Matrix is green.
Since most of the Siuslaw National Forest is now managed for older forest,
my principal option for trying to attain FS wildlife goals
is through restoration of old growth forest.
What are the measureable stand scale goals for restoring old growth forest?
Old growth has really big live and dead trees, but how many?
What else is important in old growth forest habitat?
Can I do anything about early seral habitats while restoring old growth forest habitat?
Giant old trees is the most diagnostic feature of old growth, but it’s not the only desired characteristic
Old growth also has large cavities and large limbs.
These trees are ~ 8 ft dbh and receive light throughout the day.
Another desired characteristic of old growth forest is large cavities with spotted owls
Large cavity in side of Df. Juvenile in the cavity and female on guard.
And large limbs with marbled murrelets
Old growth forest also has large hardwood trees, grasses, forbs, shrubs, and smaller trees.
These are all elements of early seral forest habitat.
I think early seral habitat is an essential element of old growth forest stands.
This stand is more than 300 years old and contains many trees that are over 8 feet in diameter.
It also contains patches of early seral habitats – pale green on the slide
Point out the OG stand and the early seral patches
Outline the old growth stand and point out plantations and mature forest
Notice the gaps between large trees and the early seral vegetation – palest green color on photo
point out old growth, mature forest, and plantations
Notice the gaps between large trees and the amount of early seral vegetation – palest green color on photo
Orange polygon is one acre.
This old growth stand has about 8 tpa and a lot of gaps with early seral forest
This slide compares trees per acre of different forest conditions.
Notice the different crown diameters
Also notice the lack of gaps in the mature forest except along the streams.
Mature forest is not old growth. Mature forest on my district has trees up to 40-45” dbh, but not many have large limbs or cavities and there are very few gaps with large hardwoods in these stands.
This is a study area that taught me a lot about what happens with different thinning densities.
Notice the hardwoods between the conifers in the area thinned to 30 tpa. The 30 tpa area looks a bit like old growth from the air because of the hardwoods and the large crown diameters.
Another old-growth-like pattern of overstory conifers with middle-story hardwoods. Note the bright green alder and low density of overstory conifers where the burn reduced tpa below 40 tpa.
Long-term, the desired condition for old growth forest is about 10 overstory conifer trees per acre (tpa), 5-10 large dead trees, about 4-19 large hardwood tpa, with a diverse understory containing grasses, forbs, shrubs, and young trees
Short -term desired stand conditions for restoring old growth forest are
Retain enough overstory conifers and hardwoods trees to make it to old growth condition
Develop large limbs and cavities, and…
Some other considerations
Minimize adverse effects and
maximize beneficial effects to animals of concern
Other Rx considerations: Avoid removal or degradation of northern spotted owl or marbled murrelet habitat
Stands less than 80 years old are generally NOT suitable habitat for the northern spotted owl, and retaining at least 40% cc should retain dispersal habitat for northern spotted owls.
Hasten development of nesting structure for northern spotted owl and marbled murrelet:
Give a few trees a lot of room to grow fat and have large limbs
Other Rx considerations:
Increase amount of food available to northern spotted owls
Two important prey animals for northern spotted owls are flying squirrels and woodrats, and both need elements of early seral habitats.
Other Rx considerations:
Provide for the needs of species associated with dead wood
Jackson and Jackson (2004) Jackson, J.A.; Jackson B.J.S. 2004. Ecological relationships between fungi and woodpecker cavity sites. Condor 106:37-49.
Maintain viability of species associated with grass, forb, shrub, and hardwood habitats
When overstory canopies close,
Diameter growth slows, and
large limbs and early seral habitats fade away
It’s useful to understand what the effects of different retention levels will have on desired conditions.
Canopies close when…
60 Douglas-fir per acre are about 20-25” dbh
40 Douglas-fir are 30-35” dbh
13 Douglas-fir are about 90” dbh
Evenly spaced conifers will eliminate nearly all large limbs and hardwood trees when canopies close. I’ve reviewed a number of stands where large limbs capable of supporting nesting marbled murrelets were reported. In nearly all cases, the limbs large enough for murrelet nesting were dead, and they were dead because surrounding trees took light away from the needles keeping the large limbs alive.
These are the other major FS goals that are integrated into projects.
Rx: Short-term desired conditions
Treat stands less than 80 years old
Keep at least 40% canopy cover in the majority of stands
Promote development of
Large conifer and hardwood trees
Large tree cavities, snags, and down wood
Grasses, forbs, and shrubs
Create down wood and snags
Produce economically viable timber sales
Use some funds from sale of timber to create dead wood, maintain meadows, improve water quality, and implement other restoration projects
The following few slides list Rx elements that are combined to create specific prescriptions for each unit
We retain hardwoods and use three basic ranges of conifer retention. Prescribed retention levels are based mostly on stand age and whether road access will remain after this thinning entry.
Heavier thinning retains 40-50 tpa and happens in older stands or stands where road access will be eliminated for water quality or other reasons.
Moderate thinning retains 50-60 tpa and happens in 30-40 year old stands where road access will remain.
Light thinning happens in the youngest stands where road access will remain.
We also use light thinning where we are concerned about windthrow risk.
These “release” Rxs kill competing trees around the trees identified for release.
Intent is to grow large diameter trees with large limbs. Limb size is a function of trunk size; big limbs can only grow from big trunks.
This huge limb would die if tall conifers were close enough to take the light away from it.
Conifers will grow to about twice the height of big-leaf maple, so big-leaf maple require a lot of room to prosper.
This tree is losing a lot of light to the conifers around it; notice the large dead limb on the lower left. It may not be possible to release this particular tree because the culprits taking the light are adjacent to a stream that has threatened Coho salmon.
Prescription 7—Create canopy gaps that are
¼ - 1 acre in size.
Create about half of the gaps during harvest
Half with post-harvest dead wood creation.
Plant gaps to increase species diversity with western hemlock, western red cedar, and native hardwoods.
This example stand was thinned and a small gap created about 4 years before photo was taken, and the gap-size was increased with dead wood creation about 1 year before photo
Notice the amount of shrub development
This is an example of a five acre meadow created about 1995 with clear-cutting, hot burning, and seeding.
The alder did well with the seed bed created by burning. Meadows require frequent disturbances that control encroaching plants.
Other aspects of meadow Rxs are:
Create all meadow openings during harvest operations
Preferred shape is linear and up and down the hill on ridges (to get more light); generally on less than 40 percent slope
Locate meadows at least 100 feet away from stream channels, floodplains, and headwalls
Locate 200 feet from other meadows or gaps in the stand to limit effective opening size in LSR.
Limit meadow presence in stands to less than 15 percent of the total area thinned
Aerial view of created opening. Thinned, burned, and seeded with native grass in about 2007 or 2008
Example is a temporary road seeded with native grass about 4 years before photo. No underburning
down wood, snags, and cavity development trees are clumped together with 10-40 trees per clump, and clumps are distributed across each thinning unit. About ¼ of the trees treated should remain alive.
Dead wood Rxs are quite complicated in order to maximize benefits for wildlife and to avoid impacts to water quality and human safety on roads, but the main objective is to create dead wood in concentrations that minimize energy expenditures for dependant species, and to open the canopy more to promote early seral habitat elements with dead wood.
High quality old growth contains early seral habitat elements, and its easy to justify and create small patches of early seral habitat in young stands if desired condition is old growth forest.
But it will not be easy to maintain early seral habitats in these stands over time as overstory conifers continue to grow and expand their crowns. This will be especially difficult after stands are over 80 years old in LSR.
Periodic disturbances are necessary to maintain early seral habitats and other elements of biological complexity that are needed to restore old growth forest habitat.
A variety of habitats need maintained in order to reach FS goals for species viability.
FS species viability goals need reached in order to accomplish the FS mission of maintaining healthy ecosystems that meet the needs of people.
Healthy ecosystems = species viability = habitat diversity = disturbance
Healthy ecosystems require disturbances to maintain the variety of habitats that species need.
Fire was the primary disturbance historically, but this is not a reasonable large-scale option today.
So, we’re left with artificial disturbances that are very controlled compared to natural disturbances.
If we are serious about restoring old growth forest and healthy ecosystems,
Then we need to be serious about maintaining early seral habitats on our landscapes and within our stands.
We need to be serious about retaining hardwood trees, not just a few little token trees, but many large dominant big leaf maple, alder, Oregon ash, etc.
We need to recognize that periodic disturbances that kill some overstory trees are absolutely necessary to maintain healthy ecosystems
If we are serious about managing healthy ecosystems for people…
Then we need to remember people, especially local communities, when managing for healthy ecosystems.
The FS helps restore ecosystem health and
helps meet the needs of current and future generations
by adding early seral and other habitat elements to young stands
by speeding restoration of old growth forest and
by providing jobs in the timber and restoration industries.