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Ecological Strategies Of Northeastern Scrub Shrub Birds
- 1. Ecological Strategies of Northeastern Scrub-shrub Birds Scott Schlossberg David King Dept. of Nat. Res. Conservation U.S. Forest Service University of Massachusetts Northern Research Station
- 6. Shrubland management, 12000 BC R. Askins, Restoring North America’s Birds , 2000
- 8. USFS Forest Inventory & Analysis
- 9. Brown Thrasher Field Sparrow Chestnut-sided Warbler Eastern Towhee Common Yellowthroat Golden-winged Warbler
- 11. Forests and shrublands high uncommon large permanent Forests Habitat extent Edges Patch size Patch lifespan low prominent small ~20 years Shrublands
- 14. Silvicultural openings vs. old fields
- 15. Silvicultural openings vs. old fields King et al, For . Ecol . Mgmt ., 2009
- 16. Aber, Ecology 1979 60:18-23 Succession
- 17. Succession Schlossberg & King, J. Wildl. Mgmt . 2009 Year after logging Relative abundance
- 18. Birds in wetlands and uplands
- 21. Successional stage: early late Dispersal rate: high low
- 23. Schlossberg, Condor , 2009 Mean return rates: Forest = 0.36 Shrubland = 0.35
- 26. Whitcomb et al., Forest Island Dynamics Indigo Bunting Northern Cardinal
- 30. avoids edges prefers edges
- 33. Seymour et al., For . Ecol . Mgmt . 2003 Natural canopy gaps Severe fire and wind Disturbance dynamics in eastern forests
- 34. Birds in clearcuts and groupcuts
- 35. Birds in clearcuts and groupcuts Schlossberg and King 2007 Costello et al. 2000 Annand and Thompson 1997 Kerpez 1994 Rodewald and Vitz 2005 Alder flycatcher Blue-winged warbler Black-and-white warbler Cedar waxwing Common yellowthroat Chestnut-sided warbler Field sparrow Indigo bunting Mourning warbler Prairie warbler
- 36. Birds in clearcuts and groupcuts Costello et al. 2000 Annand and Thompson 1997 Kerpez 1994 Rodewald and Vitz 2005 Alder flycatcher CC Blue-winged warbler CC CC Black-and-white warbler CC CC CC Cedar waxwing CC Common yellowthroat CC CC Chestnut-sided warbler CC Field sparrow CC CC CC Indigo bunting CC CC CC CC Mourning warbler CC Prairie warbler CC CC CC
- 38. Bird abundances in rights-of-way
- 44. Small openings create more fragmentation 16 ha affected 40 ha affected 1 clearcut, 9 ha 9 groupcuts, 1-ha each King et al. 1998
- 46. Mitchell et al. 2003
- 50. Post-fledging habitat use by forest birds C. Chandler, thesis, 2007
- 51. King et al., J . Zoology , 2006 Fink, thesis, 2003
- 52. low? high? Post-fledging survival ??? ??? Population growth rate high low Nest success
- 55. Area sensitivity in wildlife openings R. Chandler, thesis, 2006
- 56. Litvaitis 2003 Shrubland management now
- 57. Study Study location Study sites DeGraaf 1992 New Hampshire 8 Fink et al. 2006 Missouri 6 Rodewald & Vitz 2005 Ohio 24 Talbott & Yahner 2003 Pennsylvania 20 Yahner 1987 Pennsylvania 6 Elliott 1987 Maine 8 Kerpez 1994 Virginia 8
- 58. Imbeau et al., Ecography 2003
- 59. Evidence from western birds
Editor's Notes
- When we think of the Northeast, we think this…
- … and this, lots of forest.
- Variety of s-s habitats in NE, make up significant percent of land area
- Large, diverse bird community. Historically, habitat maintained by natural disturbances
- … like this guy here. Unfortunately, mastodons aren’t around any more, so we have to do the work ourselves to maintain shrublands
- Today, most s-s habitats maintained by deliberate management/anthropogenic disturbances. Ideally we’d have enough habitat that we wouldn’t have to worry about the details of management…
- Unfortunately, not enough.
- And now bird pops. tanking. THis is our motivation for our work on s-s birds. Given declining bird pops. and habitat limitation, imp. to determine the best ways to manage for them.
- One way to think about ecol. strategies of s-s birds is to compare shrublands and eastern forests, where birds are well-studied. Forest are relatively permanent…
- Based on ecology of shrublands in NE, here’s what we might expect. If go to literature, can find people saying these things about s-s birds. (After introducing each one): Really, this is what we hope for—would make management easy!
- Going to go through these 4 areas 1-by-1 and see if the data support our predictions. Start w/hab. relationships. People call s-s birds generalists—why? Live in multiple habitats, clearcuts, swamps, especially suburbs. Hoping to avoid that sort of anecdotal reasoning…so we went out and surveyed birds in the field.
- Contrast dandelions (r-selected, poor competitors, high dispersal rate) with
- Site fidelity review methods
- For forest birds, edges can be a major conservation issue—depressed abundances and increased predation rates along edges. Often think about edge effects in terms of forest fragmentation.
- If you go out into these fragmented forests and look at s-s birds,…
- Significant for 8 of 17 species.
- Truism in conservation biology that larger patches are better, define minimum patch sizes for forest birds
- Historical changes in s-s habitat; success in restoring forest; less success in restoring shrublands/natural disturbance regimes
- Idea that s-s birds are edge specialists became so well entrenched that the two became essentially synonymous