This document discusses concepts of personal space, privacy, territoriality, and their implications for design. It outlines 4 distance zones - intimate, personal, social, public - and defines privacy as an individual's control over interactions. Privacy can include solitude, intimacy, anonymity, and reserve. Crowding can lead to negative behaviors from a lack of control and social overload. Design should account for differing privacy needs based on personality type, stress levels, and culture. Territoriality involves psychological identification with and defense of personal space. Soft architecture allows personalization without permanent changes.

1. PRIVACY,
TERRITORIALITY,
DEFENSIBILE SPACES

2. PERSONAL SPACE
• invisible boundary surrounding
the person’s body into which
intruders may not come

3. 4 DISTANCE ZONES
• Intimate Distance
• Personal Distance
• Social Distance
• Public Distance

5. PRIVACY
• the ability of an individual or groups
of individuals to control their visual,
auditory, olfactory interactions with
others
• the ability to have options and to
achieve desired level of interactions

6. KINDS OF PRIVACY
Solitude: state of being free from
observation by others
Intimacy: state of being with another person
but free from the outside world
Anonymity: state of being unknown even in
a crowd
Reserve: state in which a person employs
psychological barriers to control unwanted
intrusions

8. CROWDING
• associated with a feeling of lack of
control over the environment
• leads to negative behavior because
they are related to social overload
• results from overmanning of
behavior settings

9. DESIGN IMPLICATIONS
• need for privacy greater for
introverts than for extroverts
• extroverts like contrast with the
environment
• introverts like courtyards

12. DESIGN IMPLICATIONS
•extroverts like strong central
plans
• introverts like complex
internal relationships and clear
territorial patterns
• people under stress need
more privacy for workplaces

14. LEVELS OF PRIVACY AND
CULTURE
• traditional Islamic dwelling
vs.traditional American
dwelling
• the delineation of spaces in
the traditional bahay kubo, the
bahay the bato

15. LEVELS OF PRIVACY AND
CLIMATE
• trade-offs between privacy and
comfort
• physiological comfort vs.
cultural requirements

16. PERSONALIZATION
• staking claims to places
• manifestation of desire for
control and expression of
aesthetic tastes
• effort to make an environment
fit activity better
• done for psychological security

18. TERRITORIALITY
• a delimited space that a
person or a group uses and
defends as an exclusive
preserve
• involves psychological
identification with a place

21. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF TERRITORIES
• ownership of and rights to a place
• personalization of marking of an
area
• defense against intrusions
• serve functions ranging from
physiological to self-actualization

22. SYSTEM OF HUMAN
TERRITORIES
Defensible Space: a space
that affords easy
recognition and control of
activities
Levels:
• visual access
• adjacency
• monitored by computers
or cameras

26. TERRITORIAL VARIATION
as a factor of:
• social class
• civil status
• religion

27. SOFT ARCHITECTURE
• the building or environment
can be personalized without
damage to them or without
difficult surgery