Linear Algebra may be defined as the form of algebra in which there is a study of different kinds of solutions which are related to linear equations. In order to explain the Linear Algebra, it is important to explain that the title consists of two different terms. The very first term which is important to be considered in the same, is Linear. Linear may be defined as something which is straight. Linear equations can be used for the calculation of the equation in a xy plane where the straight lines has been defined. In addition to this, linear equations can be used to define something which is straight in a three dimensional perspective. Another view of linear equations may be defined as flatness which recognizes the set of points which can be used for giving the description related to the equations which are in a very simple forms. These are the equations which involves the addition and multiplication.
Linear Algebra may be defined as the form of algebra in which there is a study of different kinds of solutions which are related to linear equations. In order to explain the Linear Algebra, it is important to explain that the title consists of two different terms. The very first term which is important to be considered in the same, is Linear. Linear may be defined as something which is straight. Linear equations can be used for the calculation of the equation in a xy plane where the straight lines has been defined. In addition to this, linear equations can be used to define something which is straight in a three dimensional perspective. Another view of linear equations may be defined as flatness which recognizes the set of points which can be used for giving the description related to the equations which are in a very simple forms. These are the equations which involves the addition and multiplication.
Eigen values and eigen vectors engineeringshubham211
mathematics...for engineering mathematics.....learn maths...............................The individual items in a matrix are called its elements or entries.[4] Provided that they are the same size (have the same number of rows and the same number of columns), two matrices can be added or subtracted element by element. The rule for matrix multiplication, however, is that two matrices can be multiplied only when the number of columns in the first equals the number of rows in the second. Any matrix can be multiplied element-wise by a scalar from its associated field. A major application of matrices is to represent linear transformations, that is, generalizations of linear functions such as f(x) = 4x. For example, the rotation of vectors in three dimensional space is a linear transformation which can be represented by a rotation matrix R: if v is a column vector (a matrix with only one column) describing the position of a point in space, the product Rv is a column vector describing the position of that point after a rotation. The product of two transformation matrices is a matrix that represents the composition of two linear transformations. Another application of matrices is in the solution of systems of linear equations. If the matrix is square, it is possible to deduce some of its properties by computing its determinant. For example, a square matrix has an inverse if and only if its determinant is not zero. Insight into the geometry of a linear transformation is obtainable (along with other information) from the matrix's eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Applications of matrices are found in most scientific fields. In every branch of physics, including classical mechanics, optics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and quantum electrodynamics, they are used to study physical phenomena, such as the motion of rigid bodies. In computer graphics, they are used to project a 3-dimensional image onto a 2-dimensional screen. In probability theory and statistics, stochastic matrices are used to describe sets of probabilities; for instance, they are used within the PageRank algorithm that ranks the pages in a Google search.[5] Matrix calculus generalizes classical analytical notions such as derivatives and exponentials to higher dimensions.
A major branch of numerical analysis is devoted to the development of efficient algorithms for matrix computations, a subject that is centuries old and is today an expanding area of research. Matrix decomposition methods simplify computations, both theoretically and practically. Algorithms that are tailored to particular matrix structures, such as sparse matrices and near-diagonal matrices, expedite computations in finite element method and other computations. Infinite matrices occur in planetary theory and in atomic theory. A simple example of an infinite matrix is the matrix representing the derivative operator, which acts on the Taylor series of a function
...
Power Series - Legendre Polynomial - Bessel's EquationArijitDhali
The presentation shows types of equations inside every topic along with its general form, generating formula, and other equations like recursion, frobenius, rodrigues etc for calculus. Its an overall explanation in a brief. You are at correct link to get your work done out of this in your engineering maths.
Here is a basic Linear Algebra review for the class of Machine Learning. This is actually becoming a new class in the mathematics of Intelligent Systems, there I will be teaching stuff in
1.- Linear Algebra - From the basics to the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem with applications
2.- Mathematical Analysis - from set to the Reimann Integral
3.- Topology - Mostly in Hilbert Spaces
4.- Optimization - Convex functions, KKT conditions, Duality Theory, etc.
The stuff is going to be interesting...
Here we have included details about relaxation method and some examples .
Contribution - Parinda Rajapakha, Hashan Wanniarachchi, Sameera Horawalawithana, Thilina Gamalath, Samudra Herath and Pavithri Fernando.
Master Thesis on the Mathematial Analysis of Neural NetworksAlina Leidinger
Master Thesis submitted on June 15, 2019 at TUM's chair of Applied Numerical Analysis (M15) at the Mathematics Department.The project was supervised by Prof. Dr. Massimo Fornasier. The thesis took a detailed look at the existing mathematical analysis of neural networks focusing on 3 key aspects: Modern and classical results in approximation theory, robustness and Scattering Networks introduced by Mallat, as well as unique identification of neural network weights. See also the one page summary available on Slideshare.
This Logistic Regression Presentation will help you understand how a Logistic Regression algorithm works in Machine Learning. In this tutorial video, you will learn what is Supervised Learning, what is Classification problem and some associated algorithms, what is Logistic Regression, how it works with simple examples, the maths behind Logistic Regression, how it is different from Linear Regression and Logistic Regression applications. At the end, you will also see an interesting demo in Python on how to predict the number present in an image using Logistic Regression.
Below topics are covered in this Machine Learning Algorithms Presentation:
1. What is supervised learning?
2. What is classification? what are some of its solutions?
3. What is logistic regression?
4. Comparing linear and logistic regression
5. Logistic regression applications
6. Use case - Predicting the number in an image
What is Machine Learning: Machine Learning is an application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
- - - - - - - -
About Simplilearn Machine Learning course:
A form of artificial intelligence, Machine Learning is revolutionizing the world of computing as well as all people’s digital interactions. Machine Learning powers such innovative automated technologies as recommendation engines, facial recognition, fraud protection and even self-driving cars.This Machine Learning course prepares engineers, data scientists and other professionals with knowledge and hands-on skills required for certification and job competency in Machine Learning.
- - - - - - -
Why learn Machine Learning?
Machine Learning is taking over the world- and with that, there is a growing need among companies for professionals to know the ins and outs of Machine Learning
The Machine Learning market size is expected to grow from USD 1.03 Billion in 2016 to USD 8.81 Billion by 2022, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 44.1% during the forecast period.
- - - - - -
What skills will you learn from this Machine Learning course?
By the end of this Machine Learning course, you will be able to:
1. Master the concepts of supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning concepts and modeling.
2. Gain practical mastery over principles, algorithms, and applications of Machine Learning through a hands-on approach which includes working on 28 projects and one capstone project.
3. Acquire thorough knowledge of the mathematical and heuristic aspects of Machine Learning.
4. Understand the concepts and operation of support vector machines, kernel SVM, naive bayes, decision tree classifier, random forest classifier, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, K-means clustering and more.
5. Be able to model a wide variety of robust Machine Learning algorithms including deep learning, clustering, and recommendation systems
- - - - - - -
Eigen values and eigen vectors engineeringshubham211
mathematics...for engineering mathematics.....learn maths...............................The individual items in a matrix are called its elements or entries.[4] Provided that they are the same size (have the same number of rows and the same number of columns), two matrices can be added or subtracted element by element. The rule for matrix multiplication, however, is that two matrices can be multiplied only when the number of columns in the first equals the number of rows in the second. Any matrix can be multiplied element-wise by a scalar from its associated field. A major application of matrices is to represent linear transformations, that is, generalizations of linear functions such as f(x) = 4x. For example, the rotation of vectors in three dimensional space is a linear transformation which can be represented by a rotation matrix R: if v is a column vector (a matrix with only one column) describing the position of a point in space, the product Rv is a column vector describing the position of that point after a rotation. The product of two transformation matrices is a matrix that represents the composition of two linear transformations. Another application of matrices is in the solution of systems of linear equations. If the matrix is square, it is possible to deduce some of its properties by computing its determinant. For example, a square matrix has an inverse if and only if its determinant is not zero. Insight into the geometry of a linear transformation is obtainable (along with other information) from the matrix's eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Applications of matrices are found in most scientific fields. In every branch of physics, including classical mechanics, optics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and quantum electrodynamics, they are used to study physical phenomena, such as the motion of rigid bodies. In computer graphics, they are used to project a 3-dimensional image onto a 2-dimensional screen. In probability theory and statistics, stochastic matrices are used to describe sets of probabilities; for instance, they are used within the PageRank algorithm that ranks the pages in a Google search.[5] Matrix calculus generalizes classical analytical notions such as derivatives and exponentials to higher dimensions.
A major branch of numerical analysis is devoted to the development of efficient algorithms for matrix computations, a subject that is centuries old and is today an expanding area of research. Matrix decomposition methods simplify computations, both theoretically and practically. Algorithms that are tailored to particular matrix structures, such as sparse matrices and near-diagonal matrices, expedite computations in finite element method and other computations. Infinite matrices occur in planetary theory and in atomic theory. A simple example of an infinite matrix is the matrix representing the derivative operator, which acts on the Taylor series of a function
...
Power Series - Legendre Polynomial - Bessel's EquationArijitDhali
The presentation shows types of equations inside every topic along with its general form, generating formula, and other equations like recursion, frobenius, rodrigues etc for calculus. Its an overall explanation in a brief. You are at correct link to get your work done out of this in your engineering maths.
Here is a basic Linear Algebra review for the class of Machine Learning. This is actually becoming a new class in the mathematics of Intelligent Systems, there I will be teaching stuff in
1.- Linear Algebra - From the basics to the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem with applications
2.- Mathematical Analysis - from set to the Reimann Integral
3.- Topology - Mostly in Hilbert Spaces
4.- Optimization - Convex functions, KKT conditions, Duality Theory, etc.
The stuff is going to be interesting...
Here we have included details about relaxation method and some examples .
Contribution - Parinda Rajapakha, Hashan Wanniarachchi, Sameera Horawalawithana, Thilina Gamalath, Samudra Herath and Pavithri Fernando.
Master Thesis on the Mathematial Analysis of Neural NetworksAlina Leidinger
Master Thesis submitted on June 15, 2019 at TUM's chair of Applied Numerical Analysis (M15) at the Mathematics Department.The project was supervised by Prof. Dr. Massimo Fornasier. The thesis took a detailed look at the existing mathematical analysis of neural networks focusing on 3 key aspects: Modern and classical results in approximation theory, robustness and Scattering Networks introduced by Mallat, as well as unique identification of neural network weights. See also the one page summary available on Slideshare.
This Logistic Regression Presentation will help you understand how a Logistic Regression algorithm works in Machine Learning. In this tutorial video, you will learn what is Supervised Learning, what is Classification problem and some associated algorithms, what is Logistic Regression, how it works with simple examples, the maths behind Logistic Regression, how it is different from Linear Regression and Logistic Regression applications. At the end, you will also see an interesting demo in Python on how to predict the number present in an image using Logistic Regression.
Below topics are covered in this Machine Learning Algorithms Presentation:
1. What is supervised learning?
2. What is classification? what are some of its solutions?
3. What is logistic regression?
4. Comparing linear and logistic regression
5. Logistic regression applications
6. Use case - Predicting the number in an image
What is Machine Learning: Machine Learning is an application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
- - - - - - - -
About Simplilearn Machine Learning course:
A form of artificial intelligence, Machine Learning is revolutionizing the world of computing as well as all people’s digital interactions. Machine Learning powers such innovative automated technologies as recommendation engines, facial recognition, fraud protection and even self-driving cars.This Machine Learning course prepares engineers, data scientists and other professionals with knowledge and hands-on skills required for certification and job competency in Machine Learning.
- - - - - - -
Why learn Machine Learning?
Machine Learning is taking over the world- and with that, there is a growing need among companies for professionals to know the ins and outs of Machine Learning
The Machine Learning market size is expected to grow from USD 1.03 Billion in 2016 to USD 8.81 Billion by 2022, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 44.1% during the forecast period.
- - - - - -
What skills will you learn from this Machine Learning course?
By the end of this Machine Learning course, you will be able to:
1. Master the concepts of supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning concepts and modeling.
2. Gain practical mastery over principles, algorithms, and applications of Machine Learning through a hands-on approach which includes working on 28 projects and one capstone project.
3. Acquire thorough knowledge of the mathematical and heuristic aspects of Machine Learning.
4. Understand the concepts and operation of support vector machines, kernel SVM, naive bayes, decision tree classifier, random forest classifier, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, K-means clustering and more.
5. Be able to model a wide variety of robust Machine Learning algorithms including deep learning, clustering, and recommendation systems
- - - - - - -
https://www.scratchapixel.com/lessons/3d-basic-rendering/ray-tracing-rendering-a-triangle/ 을 참고해서 만든 ray-triangle intersection 에 관한 소개입니다.
(레이 트레이싱 전체를 다루는 게 아닌데 슬라이드를 잘못 만들었습니다...)
이번 슬라이드는 Graph mining의 기초에 대한 것이다.
고전 문제인 Graph cut에 대한 개념과 수학적인 배경을 설명하고, 이 개념이 clustering (클러스터링)에서 어떻게 사용되는지를 설명한다.
Graph mining, cut, clustring의 기초를 알기에 매우 적합한 자료이다.
1. Linear Algebra
9. Linear Transformation
한양대 이상화 교수님 <선형대수>
http://www.kocw.net/home/search/kemView.do?kemId=977757
2. Linear Transformation
• 이제까지 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏는 ‘어떤 Input 𝒙를 넣었을 때 Output 𝒃가 나오는 시스템 𝑨’ 로 이해하였다.
(𝐴의 열벡터들을 각자 다른 𝑥로 조합을 하면 특정한 𝑏가 나오는 형태 : 𝑏 is a linear combination of
column vectors of 𝐴 with coefficients in 𝑥)
• 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏 (𝐴는 𝑚 × 𝑛 행렬)를 새로운 관점에서 해석해보자.
‘𝑨𝒙 = 𝒃 는 n차원의 Input 𝒙를 m차원의 Output 𝒃로 변환하는 과정’
( 𝑥 is transformed/mapped into 𝑏 by 𝐴)
AInput 𝒙 Output 𝒃
𝒙 ∈ 𝑹 𝒏 𝒃 ∈ 𝑹 𝒎
𝑨
4. • 𝑻 𝒙 = 𝑨𝒙
• 원점은 이동할 수 없다. 모든 𝐴에 대해 𝐴𝑥 = 𝐴 ∙ 0 = 0
• 𝐴(𝑐𝑥) = 𝑐(𝐴𝑥)
• 𝐴 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐴𝑦
𝑨(𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚) = 𝒂(𝑨𝒙) + 𝒃(𝑨𝒚)
Linear Transformation
A matrix Linear Transformation
O
O
행렬은 선형변환 과정으로
이해할 수 있고,
모든 선형변환은 행렬로
표현할 수 있다.
5. • 선형 변환에서 x가 반드시 우리가 생각하는 단순한 벡터일 필요는 없다.
• 𝑥가 함수일 경우, 𝑃 𝑡 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑡 + 𝑎2 𝑡2
+ ⋯ + 𝑎 𝑛 𝑡 𝑛
rank = n+1
• Differentiation : 𝐴 = 𝑑/𝑑𝑡 is Linear
𝐴𝑃 𝑡 = 𝑎0 + 2𝑎1 𝑡 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝑎 𝑛 𝑡 𝑛−1
rank = n
• Integration
𝐴𝑃 𝑡 = 0
𝑡
𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑡 + ⋯ 𝑎 𝑛 𝑡 𝑛
𝑑𝑡 = 𝑎0 𝑡 + ⋯ +
𝑎 𝑛
𝑛+1
𝑡 𝑛+1
선형 함수는 모두 행렬로 표현할 수 있다.
• 모든 Basis 벡터에 대해 𝑨𝒙 값을 알고 있으면 벡터 공간 내의 모든 𝒙에 대해 𝑨𝒙 값을 알 수 있다.
• 벡터 공간의 모든 𝒙는 Basis에 의해 표현될 수 있기 때문에 𝑨를 몰라도 𝑨𝒙를 구할 수 있다.
𝒙 = 𝒄 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 + 𝒄 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒄 𝒏 𝒙 𝒏
𝑨𝒙 = 𝑨 𝒄 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 + 𝒄 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒄 𝒏 𝒙 𝒏 = 𝒄 𝟏 𝑨𝒙 𝟏 + 𝒄 𝟐 𝑨𝒙 𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒄 𝒏 𝑨𝒙 𝒏
Linear Transformation
다항식도 벡터로 이해할 수 있다.
(계수들의 N+1 차원 벡터)
6. • Elementary Basis Vector들의 Ax 값을 안다면 A는 쉽게 구할 수 있다.
𝑥1 =
1
0
, 𝐴𝑥1 =
2
3
4
𝑥2 =
0
1
, 𝐴𝑥1 =
4
6
8
Elementary Basis가 아닌 (1, 1), (2, -1)에 대해 같은 방법으로 A를 다시 구해보면,
A
1
1
= 𝐴 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 =
4
6
8
+
2
3
4
=
6
9
12
A
2
−1
= 𝐴 2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 =
4
6
8
−
4
6
8
=
0
0
0
Linear Transformation Matrix A
𝑇 𝑥 = 𝐴 =
2 4
3 6
4 8
, 𝐴
−1
−2
=
−10
−15
−20
𝐴′ =
6 0
9 0
12 0
, 𝐴′
−1
−2
=
−6
−9
−12
값이 다름
위 방법은
Elementary
에만 적용할
수 있다.
(-1, -2)를 basis
1
1
와
2
−1
로 표현해야