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520251: Multimed
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06 vdo
This document provides an overview of key concepts in multimedia systems including digital video formats, properties of video such as frame rate and aspect ratio, video compression techniques, and video production equipment and processes. It covers analog vs digital video, interlacing vs progressive scanning, common video file formats like AVI, MOV, and MPG, and how to transfer video from a camcorder to a computer.
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06 vdo
- 1. ia Systems 520251: Multimed Êส‹‹Çว¹น»ปÃรÐะ¡กÍอºบÁมÑัÅลµตÔิÁมÕีàเ´ดÕีÂย [ÇวÔิ´ดÕีâโÍอ] 3 ¡กÑั¹นÂยÒาÂย¹น 2555
- 2. TV DVD Internet VCD Streaming VDO VDO on- Chat demand e-Learning Mobile It’s everywhere!!! Phone Cinema ...and Many MORE...
- 3. Agenda VDO Digital VDO Fundamental Production Record Properties of Edit VDO Digital VDO Capture Formats
- 4.
- 5. Analog VDO • MotionVDO was originally created and stored in analog form.
- 6. Digital VDO • Ameans of reproducing the continuous VDO waveform as a stream of digital numbers. to va rious t: im mune analog B enefi ttributed to di stor tion a ise ... such as n o
- 7. open wiki to Interlacing embrace the explanation!! • Interlacing was originally conceived as a way to achieve good visual quality within a limitations of a narrow bandwidth. odd field even field
- 8. Progressive Scanning (non-interlaced scanning) • A method of representing moving images on a display screen, in which every pixel is represented in each frame. • Computer monitors use a progressive scan. • The standard refresh rate for a flicker-free display is a vertical scan rate of 75 Hz or higher. • It’s used to project movies in theaters.
- 9. Note in digital TVterminology: interlaced scan is denoted by a lowercase i progressive scan is denoted by a lowercase p frame rate: (60i, 24p) resolution: (1080i, 720p)
- 10. Frame Rate • Framefrequency is a measure of how quickly an image device can produce unique consecutive images called frames. (expressed in frames per second - fps) • Typically, the human eye can interpret motion at 10 fps, but this rate causes a flicker effect that’s distract. • Increasing the frame rate reduces flickering.
- 11. Frame Rate • Movies- 14 fps • Television: • NTSC - 29.97 fps • HDTV - 60 fps • VDO games (frame rate is very important): • action-oriented games - 20-30 fps • 3D-heavy games - 90-100 fps
- 12. Aspect Ratios • Theratio of the width of the image to its height (w:h) • motion-picture - 1.85:1 and 2.35:1 • tv screens - 1.33:1 (aka 4:3) • HDTV - 1.78:1 (aka 16:9) 16:9 4:3 letterbox
- 13. Compression • VDO ishuge - one sec of analog VDO stored in an uncompressed digital format takes up 1 MB of disk space • thus, 5-min VDO ~ 300 MB • not practical • VDO compression is a MUST • VDO contains many spatial and temporal redundancies • Codecs are needed for creating and viewing
- 14. VDO Compression • Spatialcompression (intra-frame) • Temporal compression (inter-frame) • Video compression is a tradeoff between disk space, video quality, and the cost of hardware required to decompress the video in a reasonable time.
- 15. Spatial Compression • Justimage compression applied to a sequence of images.
- 16. Temporal Compression • Makekey frames, say every 6 frames and do the spatial compression on these frames. • Between key frames, each one of them will be replaced by a difference frame.
- 17.
- 18. Digital VDO FileFormats
- 19. AVI • Most commonAV data on Windows • Can be saved in a variety of compression schemes - full frames (uncompressed), Radius’s Cinepak, Intel Video, and Indeo.
- 20. MOV • Quicktime Moviewas developed by Apple Computer • MPEG-4 • Qt 7 (and later) use H.264
- 21. MPG • The compressedVDO file format for standard DVD using the MPEG-2 encoding standard • A large file can be transferred to MPEG with little loss of quality while dropping the bit rate a great deal
- 22. • The MPEGgroup develops the standards for encoding VDO and audio • MPEG standards: • MPEG-1: used as VCD standard (MP3 is the popular compression) • MPEG-2: use in many things such as DVD, digital satellite TV and so on • MPEG-4: support 3D content, low bit-rate encoding, support for Digital Right Management
- 23. Others • WMV •a part of Windows Media framework • used for streaming VDO over the internet • uses MPEG-4 standard • RM • a multimedia container with RealVideo and RealAudio codecs in a single file • is used to stream AV over the internet
- 24.
- 25. Equipments • Digital tapeless(D) • HDV (D) • DV (formerly DVC) • 8mm (A) • VHS (A)
- 26. Connecting Recorder to Computer
- 27.
- 28. Coaxial • VDO andaudio signals are both carries in one cable • Poorest transfer
- 29. A/V • Use RCAconnectors • Yellow is (composite) video • Red is right audio & White is left audio
- 30. S-Video • Separate video- transmit VDO signals over a cable by dividing the VDO info into 2 separate signals: color (chrominance) and brightness (luminance) • Sharper than composite VDO • must be used in conjunction with audio cables
- 31.
- 32. USB • USB 2.0are common • 480 Mbps
- 33. FireWire • Developed byApple Computer • IEEE-1394 standard • 400 Mbps • higher transfer rates are available (800, 1600, and up to 3100 Mbps)
- 34. Transferring from Recorder toComputer • Calculate disk space (uncompressed): • (pixel width) x (pixel height) x (color bit depth) x (fps) x (duration in secs) / 8,000,000 • say, 3-min VDO @ 15 fps, 24-bit depth, 320x240 pixels will take: • (320) x (240) x (24) x (15) x (180) / 8,000,000 = 622 MB
- 35. VDO Editing • Editing: • cut and paste sections • add special effects • add transitions • add titles