This document provides an overview of key concepts in multimedia systems including digital video formats, properties of video such as frame rate and aspect ratio, video compression techniques, and video production equipment and processes. It covers analog vs digital video, interlacing vs progressive scanning, common video file formats like AVI, MOV, and MPG, and how to transfer video from a camcorder to a computer.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in multimedia systems including digital video formats, properties of video such as frame rate and aspect ratio, video compression techniques, and video production equipment and processes. It covers analog vs digital video, interlacing vs progressive scanning, common video file formats like AVI, MOV, and MPG, and how to transfer video from a camcorder to a computer.
1. The document discusses raster graphics and vector graphics. Raster graphics represent images as a collection of pixels arranged in a grid, while vector graphics represent images using geometric primitives like points, lines, and shapes.
2. It explains raster graphics in more detail, noting that they store images as a grid of pixels at specific locations, with each pixel represented by a color value. Image quality can be affected by resolution (pixel count) and color depth (number of possible colors).
3. The document also covers color depth and color palettes, which allow images to use a reduced set of colors while still displaying the full range of colors. Color tables map each pixel's color value to a color from the palette.
Digital audio technologies allow for the reproduction and manipulation of sound in digital form. Sound is converted from analog to digital via sampling, where the amplitude of sound waves is measured at regular intervals. This results in digital audio files that can be edited, stored and transmitted more easily than analog audio. Popular digital audio file formats include WAV, MP3, MIDI and more. Devices like the iPod and services like iTunes revolutionized portable music and digital music distribution. Technologies like text-to-speech and DAISY have also improved audio accessibility.
This document discusses basic digital logic components and integrated circuits. It describes the three basic logic operations - NOT, AND, and OR. It then outlines several basic logic functions including comparison, arithmetic, code conversion, encoding/decoding, data selection, storage, and counting. Finally, it discusses different types of integrated circuits from small to very large scale, and introduces programmable logic devices like FPGAs and CPLDs.
Multimedia systems allow for the delivery of various media types such as audio, video, graphics, and text across computer networks and the internet. Content can be delivered through both offline and online methods using various networking technologies and protocols. Common online delivery methods include unicast, which sends content to individual clients, and multicast, which sends content simultaneously to multiple clients.
The document discusses various number systems including decimal, binary, and signed binary numbers. It provides the following key points:
1) Decimal numbers use ten digits from 0-9 while binary only uses two digits, 0 and 1. Binary numbers represent values through place values determined by powers of two.
2) Conversions can be done between decimal and binary numbers through either summing the place value weights or repeated division/multiplication by two.
3) Binary arithmetic follows simple rules to add, subtract, multiply and divide numbers in binary representation.
4) Signed binary numbers use a sign bit to indicate positive or negative values, with the most common 2's complement form representing negative numbers as the 2's
This document discusses message passing architectures. The key points are:
1) Message passing architectures allow processors to communicate data without a global memory by sending messages. Each processor has local memory and communicates via messages.
2) Important factors in message passing networks are link bandwidth and network latency.
3) Processes running on different processors use external channels to exchange messages, while processes on the same processor use internal channels. This avoids the need for synchronization.
This document discusses the history and evolution of multimedia and digital media technologies. It provides the following key points:
1. Multimedia is defined as a combination of different content forms, including text, audio, images, animations, video and interactive content. It is usually recorded, accessed and played through electronic devices.
2. Early multimedia technologies included printed materials, film, and audio recordings. The development of personal computers in the 1980s allowed for more interactive multimedia experiences.
3. The emergence of CD-ROMs and the Internet in the 1990s significantly expanded digital multimedia capabilities. People could now access vast amounts of multimedia content online through their computers.
4. Modern multimedia devices like smartphones and
The document discusses the process of digitization. It explains that digitization involves sampling an analog signal at discrete time intervals and quantizing the sampled values to a fixed set of levels. This converts a continuously varying analog signal into a digital signal represented by discrete numbers. Sampling reduces the continuous signal to a sequence of equally spaced values, while quantization restricts the values to allowed levels represented in a fixed number of bits. Together, sampling and quantization allow analog signals from physical phenomena to be represented digitally.
This document discusses network computing and client/server systems. It covers the following key points:
- Network computing involves connecting stand-alone computers via a switch, LAN, or internet and dividing an application into parts that can be processed on different nodes.
- Client/server systems use sockets to establish connections between clients and servers over a TCP port. Once connected, clients and servers can send and receive data via input/output streams.
- Remote procedure calls allow procedures located on one computer to be called from another computer over a network, with parameters and results passed between the computers.
This document discusses digitization and sampling of multimedia signals. It explains that digitization involves sampling a continuous analogue signal at discrete intervals and quantizing the signal values to a fixed set of levels. This reduces the continuous signal to a sequence of discrete samples. Some information is lost in this process. The document discusses how to reconstruct the original analogue signal from the digital samples and the problems that can occur with undersampling, such as missing details between samples. It introduces the concept of the Nyquist rate for accurate reconstruction.
This document discusses digitization and sampling of multimedia signals. It explains that digitization involves sampling a continuous analogue signal at discrete intervals and quantizing the signal values to a fixed set of levels. This reduces the continuous signal to a sequence of discrete samples. Some information is lost during this process. The document discusses how to reconstruct the original analogue signal from the digital samples and the problems that can occur from undersampling, such as distortions and artefacts. It notes that the sampling rate needs to be high enough to avoid losing important signal details between samples.
Multimedia systems can combine various media types like text, images, audio, video, animation and interactivity. They allow augmentation of the real world through technologies like augmented reality. Such systems were demonstrated at electronics trade shows like E3 in 2009 and 2010, with Microsoft showcasing projects like Natal and Kinect which interpreted human gestures for game control.
Multimedia is a combination of different media types that can be used for multiple content forms. It includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactive content. Multimedia is usually recorded and displayed or accessed through information processing devices like computers and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance. It is distinguished from mixed media by including audio. The term "rich media" is a synonym for interactive multimedia.
![ia Systems
520251: Multimed
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