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Galileo Galilei observed sunspots on the sun in the early 1600s, revealing details of the sun's surface that had not been seen before. His observations opened these phenomena to scientific study and consideration, especially among astronomers and philosophers of the time.
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Wavelength assignment
1. Electromagnetic waves such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and x-rays have characteristic wavelengths and frequencies, with higher frequencies corresponding to shorter wavelengths and more energy.
2. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum, about 3.0 x 10^8 m/s. This is called the speed of light.
3. The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves are inversely related through the equation wavelength x frequency = speed of light.
Frequency wavelength trapping by integrated ring resonators for secured netwo...
Frequency wavelength trapping by integrated ring resonators for secured netwo...University of Malaya (UM)
This document presents a system using integrated ring resonators to trap optical pulses by frequency and wavelength for secured network and communication systems. The system generates discrete frequency pulses between 10-30 MHz and discrete wavelength pulses between 200-2500 nm that can be used to generate quantum codes for secured network communication. Mathematical models are presented and simulation results show the trapping of specific frequencies of 10.7 MHz and 16 MHz, and wavelengths of 206.9 nm, 1448 nm, 2169 nm, and 2489 nm within the ring resonator system. The discrete frequencies and wavelengths can be transmitted through communication networks using the generated quantum codes.The electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves that can travel through a vacuum and includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and are characterized by their wavelength and frequency. Different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used for various applications like medical imaging, communication technologies, heating foods, and more.
Electromagnetic Spectrum PowerPoint, Physical Science
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 3,500+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 12 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 20 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus: Matter, Dark Matter, Elements and Compounds, States of Matter, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Plasma, Law Conservation of Matter, Physical Change, Chemical Change, Gas Laws, Charles Law, Avogadro's Law, Ideal Gas Law, Pascal's Law, Archimedes Principle, Buoyancy, Seven Forms of Energy, Nuclear Energy, Electromagnet Spectrum, Waves / Wavelengths, Light (Visible Light), Refraction, Diffraction, Lens, Convex / Concave, Radiation, Electricity, Lightning, Static Electricity, Magnetism, Coulomb's Law, Conductors, Insulators, Semi-conductors, AC and DC current, Amps, Watts, Resistance, Magnetism, Faraday's Law, Compass, Relativity, Einstein, and E=MC2, Energy, First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics-Third Law of Thermodynamics, Industrial Processes, Environmental Studies, The 4 R's, Sustainability, Human Population Growth, Carrying Capacity, Green Design, Renewable Forms of Energy (The 11th Hour)
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Teaching Duration = 4+ Weeks
Lecture6 sep23-bb (1)
1. The sun emits radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, with most energy emitted in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared regions. Around 50% of the sun's energy is emitted in the visible region.
2. All objects that have a temperature above absolute zero emit electromagnetic radiation according to their temperature. Wien's law states that objects emit the most radiation at a wavelength inversely proportional to their temperature.
3. The sun's peak emission wavelength is around 500nm, the earth's is around 10,000nm, and a human's is around 9,400nm. Blackbody radiation curves describe the emission spectra of objects at different temperatures.
Frequency spectrum
1. X-rays have a shorter wavelength than UV light and can pass through soft tissues like skin.
2. X-rays are used in medical imaging to see inside the body as they pass through soft tissues but are partially or fully blocked by denser tissues and bones.
3. Scientists also use X-rays to study the atomic and molecular structure of materials.
Project in science
This document discusses the different types of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. It provides details on the wavelength ranges and frequencies for each type of electromagnetic wave. Radio waves are generated artificially and used for communications. Microwaves have wavelengths between 1 meter and 1 millimeter. Infrared is invisible to humans but we can feel it as heat. The visible spectrum is what the human eye can see, ranging from 390 to 700 nanometers. Ultraviolet has a shorter wavelength than visible light but longer than X-rays. X-rays have wavelengths between 0.01 to 10 nanometers. Gamma rays are the most energetic form of electromagnetic
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum. It describes how white light is dispersed by a prism into visible colors from violet to red due to different wavelengths being refracted differently. It states that all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum and lists their properties. The document then discusses various applications of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, including uses of radio waves for communication, microwaves for satellites and radar, infrared for remote controls and intruder alarms, visible light for optical fibers, ultraviolet for sunbeds and sterilization, X-rays for medical imaging and gamma rays for cancer treatment.
Recommended
Wavelength assignment
1. Electromagnetic waves such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and x-rays have characteristic wavelengths and frequencies, with higher frequencies corresponding to shorter wavelengths and more energy.
2. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum, about 3.0 x 10^8 m/s. This is called the speed of light.
3. The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves are inversely related through the equation wavelength x frequency = speed of light.
Frequency wavelength trapping by integrated ring resonators for secured netwo...
Frequency wavelength trapping by integrated ring resonators for secured netwo...University of Malaya (UM)
This document presents a system using integrated ring resonators to trap optical pulses by frequency and wavelength for secured network and communication systems. The system generates discrete frequency pulses between 10-30 MHz and discrete wavelength pulses between 200-2500 nm that can be used to generate quantum codes for secured network communication. Mathematical models are presented and simulation results show the trapping of specific frequencies of 10.7 MHz and 16 MHz, and wavelengths of 206.9 nm, 1448 nm, 2169 nm, and 2489 nm within the ring resonator system. The discrete frequencies and wavelengths can be transmitted through communication networks using the generated quantum codes.The electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves that can travel through a vacuum and includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and are characterized by their wavelength and frequency. Different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used for various applications like medical imaging, communication technologies, heating foods, and more.
Electromagnetic Spectrum PowerPoint, Physical Science
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 3,500+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 12 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 20 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus: Matter, Dark Matter, Elements and Compounds, States of Matter, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Plasma, Law Conservation of Matter, Physical Change, Chemical Change, Gas Laws, Charles Law, Avogadro's Law, Ideal Gas Law, Pascal's Law, Archimedes Principle, Buoyancy, Seven Forms of Energy, Nuclear Energy, Electromagnet Spectrum, Waves / Wavelengths, Light (Visible Light), Refraction, Diffraction, Lens, Convex / Concave, Radiation, Electricity, Lightning, Static Electricity, Magnetism, Coulomb's Law, Conductors, Insulators, Semi-conductors, AC and DC current, Amps, Watts, Resistance, Magnetism, Faraday's Law, Compass, Relativity, Einstein, and E=MC2, Energy, First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics-Third Law of Thermodynamics, Industrial Processes, Environmental Studies, The 4 R's, Sustainability, Human Population Growth, Carrying Capacity, Green Design, Renewable Forms of Energy (The 11th Hour)
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Teaching Duration = 4+ Weeks
Lecture6 sep23-bb (1)
1. The sun emits radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, with most energy emitted in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared regions. Around 50% of the sun's energy is emitted in the visible region.
2. All objects that have a temperature above absolute zero emit electromagnetic radiation according to their temperature. Wien's law states that objects emit the most radiation at a wavelength inversely proportional to their temperature.
3. The sun's peak emission wavelength is around 500nm, the earth's is around 10,000nm, and a human's is around 9,400nm. Blackbody radiation curves describe the emission spectra of objects at different temperatures.
Frequency spectrum
1. X-rays have a shorter wavelength than UV light and can pass through soft tissues like skin.
2. X-rays are used in medical imaging to see inside the body as they pass through soft tissues but are partially or fully blocked by denser tissues and bones.
3. Scientists also use X-rays to study the atomic and molecular structure of materials.
Project in science
This document discusses the different types of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. It provides details on the wavelength ranges and frequencies for each type of electromagnetic wave. Radio waves are generated artificially and used for communications. Microwaves have wavelengths between 1 meter and 1 millimeter. Infrared is invisible to humans but we can feel it as heat. The visible spectrum is what the human eye can see, ranging from 390 to 700 nanometers. Ultraviolet has a shorter wavelength than visible light but longer than X-rays. X-rays have wavelengths between 0.01 to 10 nanometers. Gamma rays are the most energetic form of electromagnetic
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The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum. It describes how white light is dispersed by a prism into visible colors from violet to red due to different wavelengths being refracted differently. It states that all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum and lists their properties. The document then discusses various applications of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, including uses of radio waves for communication, microwaves for satellites and radar, infrared for remote controls and intruder alarms, visible light for optical fibers, ultraviolet for sunbeds and sterilization, X-rays for medical imaging and gamma rays for cancer treatment.
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This document discusses radiant energy and spectrophotometry. It begins by describing the electromagnetic spectrum and how electromagnetic radiation consists of synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light. It then discusses sources of radiation like lamps that provide visible and ultraviolet light. Radiation is described as either ionizing, having enough energy to alter molecules, or non-ionizing, which causes heating effects. The interaction of radiation with matter is explained, noting that absorption of visible and UV light causes electron excitation. Dispersion, diffraction, refraction, absorption, transmission, and absorptivity are defined. Finally, Lambert's law relating absorbance and path length, Beer's law relating absorbance and concentration, and
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This document summarizes different frequency ranges used for various technologies and applications. It discusses extremely low frequencies to insanely high frequencies and provides examples such as AM radio from 535 KHz to 1.7 MHz, WiFi at either 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz, Bluetooth at 2.45 GHz, air traffic control radar from 0.96-1.215 GHz, GPS from 1.227-1.575 GHz, and gamma rays with the highest frequencies from 10^18 to 10^21 Hz.
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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves that differ in frequency and wavelength. It ranges from gamma rays with the highest frequency and shortest wavelength to radio waves with the lowest frequency and longest wavelength. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and are classified based on their position within the electromagnetic spectrum according to their frequency or wavelength.
Gamma rays
Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that are produced by radioactive decay and other high-energy processes. They have higher energy than X-rays and are ionizing radiation. Natural sources of gamma rays on Earth include naturally occurring radioactive elements and interactions between cosmic rays and the atmosphere. Gamma rays are also produced by astronomical processes involving high-energy electrons. They have frequencies above 10 exahertz and energies above 100 keV.
Fisika
This document contains details about an Islamic senior high school student group including the names of group members and 25 multiple choice questions about electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum. The questions cover topics like the scientist who developed electromagnetic theory, properties of electromagnetic waves, order of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum by frequency and wavelength, uses of different parts of the spectrum, and calculations involving wavelength, frequency and speed of electromagnetic waves.
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This PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of the electromagnetic spectrum, including key terms and frequency ranges for different types of electromagnetic waves. It was created by Virginia Diodes, Inc. for employee training and is available freely online, though any offensive alterations should remove references to the company. The presentation defines frequency ranges for communication technologies like radio, cell phones, WiFi, and Bluetooth. It also covers uses of different wavelengths in fields such as astronomy, healthcare, and more.
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This document discusses microwaves and electromagnetic radiation. It defines microwaves as electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 500 MHz and 300 GHz. Microwaves are used for communication, radar, and heating. The document also discusses the electromagnetic spectrum and different types of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves. It notes hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel, ordnance, and fuel.
Radio wave
Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation that transmit signals via carrier waves picked up by receivers. Mobile phones operate using radio waves transmitted at around 10.8 GHz from a small transmitter in the phone to nearby towers. X-rays are also electromagnetic radiation but with much shorter wavelengths between 10-0.1 nanometers, generated via electrons colliding with an anode in a vacuum tube. Infrared radiation has wavelengths between microwaves and visible light and is associated with heat detection through devices like night vision goggles.
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The document provides information about light and the electromagnetic spectrum. It discusses how light can behave as both a particle and wave, and defines the electromagnetic spectrum as ranging from low frequency radio waves to high frequency gamma rays. It notes that visible light is a small portion of the spectrum detectable by human eyes.
Gamma rays
Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation emitted from radioactive decay. They are high energy photons produced when the nucleus of an atom transitions from a high energy state to a lower energy state. Gamma rays were discovered in 1900 by Paul Villard and named by Ernest Rutherford in 1903. Natural sources of gamma rays on Earth include naturally occurring radioactive isotopes and interactions between cosmic rays and the atmosphere. Gamma rays can also be produced by astronomical processes involving high energy electrons. They typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz and energies above 100 keV.
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This document discusses quantitative measurement of light through radiometry and photometry. It defines key terms like radiant flux, luminous flux, radiant intensity, luminous intensity, irradiance, illuminance, radiance and luminance. It discusses how these terms are used to measure different properties of light and visual perception in both absolute and relative terms. Clinical applications including visual acuity testing, visual field testing, color vision testing and electrophysiology rely on defined levels of luminance and illumination. Surgical procedures also require precise control and measurement of light levels.
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1) The document discusses reducing the effect of dispersion resulting from wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in optical networks. Dispersion occurs when light pulses spread out as they travel through fiber optic cables, which degrades signal quality over long distances.
2) WDM is used to increase network capacity but also introduces longer fiber lengths, exacerbating dispersion issues. Different types of dispersion are discussed, including chromatic dispersion which causes slower wavelengths to interfere with faster wavelengths from adjacent pulses.
3) Chromatic dispersion is modeled and compensated for using Gaussian minimum-shift keying modulation and linear filters, which can be applied at the transmitter or receiver to counteract the spreading effect of the fiber on light pulses.
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This document provides definitions and information about waves, including:
1) Definitions of amplitude, wavelength, and frequency.
2) The wave equation relates wave speed, frequency, and wavelength.
3) Light travels very fast, faster than sound, and we see objects because light reflects into our eyes.
4) Reflection, refraction, diffraction, and total internal reflection are described and examples are given.
Gamma rays
Gamma rays are the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, with very short wavelengths. They are produced during radioactive decay when the nucleus emits high-energy photons to rid itself of excess energy. Paul Villard discovered gamma radiation in 1900 while studying radiation emitted from radium. Gamma rays cause damage at the cellular level and can induce cancer or genetic damage from low levels of exposure or acute tissue damage at high levels.
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The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, which encompasses all frequencies of electromagnetic signals. It describes how frequency and wavelength relate, with frequency being measured in cycles per second and wavelength being the distance between cycles. The spectrum is divided into segments including radio frequencies, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, and more. Managing bandwidth and developing standards help maximize the efficient use of the limited available spectrum.
Chemistry Equipment Sairem
This document provides an overview of microwaves and microwave heating technology. It discusses the properties of microwaves as transverse electromagnetic waves, their interactions with matter, and how microwave heating compares to conventional heating methods. The document also outlines SAIREM's microwave-assisted chemistry and extraction processes.
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This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the various dispersion mechanisms that are observed in optical fibers. Some fundamental terms and concepts are also discussed. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
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Radiowaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation that travel at the speed of light, making them ideal for long-distance communications. They are used for radio broadcasting, telephones, televisions, Wi-Fi, and navigation technologies like GPS and radar. Radio broadcasting has evolved from AM to FM to digital formats. Telephones and televisions both use radio waves to transmit sound and images wirelessly. Wi-Fi networks convert digital data to radio signals that routers and devices can transmit and receive to connect to the internet without wires. GPS and radar technologies also use radio waves to determine locations and detect objects from a distance.
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It's about optic wave. Project given by my teacher because i had not attended her class for long time (for a reason), and skipped so many assignments. It's not so details, but hopefully it will be useful.
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Electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and frequencies. They range from radio waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies to gamma rays with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed of 300,000,000 meters/second in a vacuum. The higher the frequency, the higher the energy of the electromagnetic wave. Examples are given of how different electromagnetic waves are used such as radio waves for communication, microwaves for cooking, infrared for night vision, visible light for sight, ultraviolet for sterilization, x-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for radiation therapy.
Light
Light can be described as both a wave and a particle. As a wave, it travels at 300 million meters per second and is characterized by its wavelength and frequency. The different wavelengths of light make up the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. As the frequency increases, so does the energy of the electromagnetic waves. Light also behaves as particles called photons, which are emitted or absorbed in specific wavelengths by electrons in atoms. This allows spectroscopy to be used to determine the composition of different objects by their emission or absorption spectra.
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This document discusses radiant energy and spectrophotometry. It begins by describing the electromagnetic spectrum and how electromagnetic radiation consists of synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light. It then discusses sources of radiation like lamps that provide visible and ultraviolet light. Radiation is described as either ionizing, having enough energy to alter molecules, or non-ionizing, which causes heating effects. The interaction of radiation with matter is explained, noting that absorption of visible and UV light causes electron excitation. Dispersion, diffraction, refraction, absorption, transmission, and absorptivity are defined. Finally, Lambert's law relating absorbance and path length, Beer's law relating absorbance and concentration, and
Different frequency ranges
This document summarizes different frequency ranges used for various technologies and applications. It discusses extremely low frequencies to insanely high frequencies and provides examples such as AM radio from 535 KHz to 1.7 MHz, WiFi at either 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz, Bluetooth at 2.45 GHz, air traffic control radar from 0.96-1.215 GHz, GPS from 1.227-1.575 GHz, and gamma rays with the highest frequencies from 10^18 to 10^21 Hz.
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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves that differ in frequency and wavelength. It ranges from gamma rays with the highest frequency and shortest wavelength to radio waves with the lowest frequency and longest wavelength. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and are classified based on their position within the electromagnetic spectrum according to their frequency or wavelength.
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Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that are produced by radioactive decay and other high-energy processes. They have higher energy than X-rays and are ionizing radiation. Natural sources of gamma rays on Earth include naturally occurring radioactive elements and interactions between cosmic rays and the atmosphere. Gamma rays are also produced by astronomical processes involving high-energy electrons. They have frequencies above 10 exahertz and energies above 100 keV.
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This document contains details about an Islamic senior high school student group including the names of group members and 25 multiple choice questions about electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum. The questions cover topics like the scientist who developed electromagnetic theory, properties of electromagnetic waves, order of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum by frequency and wavelength, uses of different parts of the spectrum, and calculations involving wavelength, frequency and speed of electromagnetic waves.
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This PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of the electromagnetic spectrum, including key terms and frequency ranges for different types of electromagnetic waves. It was created by Virginia Diodes, Inc. for employee training and is available freely online, though any offensive alterations should remove references to the company. The presentation defines frequency ranges for communication technologies like radio, cell phones, WiFi, and Bluetooth. It also covers uses of different wavelengths in fields such as astronomy, healthcare, and more.
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This document discusses microwaves and electromagnetic radiation. It defines microwaves as electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 500 MHz and 300 GHz. Microwaves are used for communication, radar, and heating. The document also discusses the electromagnetic spectrum and different types of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves. It notes hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel, ordnance, and fuel.
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Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation that transmit signals via carrier waves picked up by receivers. Mobile phones operate using radio waves transmitted at around 10.8 GHz from a small transmitter in the phone to nearby towers. X-rays are also electromagnetic radiation but with much shorter wavelengths between 10-0.1 nanometers, generated via electrons colliding with an anode in a vacuum tube. Infrared radiation has wavelengths between microwaves and visible light and is associated with heat detection through devices like night vision goggles.
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The document provides information about light and the electromagnetic spectrum. It discusses how light can behave as both a particle and wave, and defines the electromagnetic spectrum as ranging from low frequency radio waves to high frequency gamma rays. It notes that visible light is a small portion of the spectrum detectable by human eyes.
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Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation emitted from radioactive decay. They are high energy photons produced when the nucleus of an atom transitions from a high energy state to a lower energy state. Gamma rays were discovered in 1900 by Paul Villard and named by Ernest Rutherford in 1903. Natural sources of gamma rays on Earth include naturally occurring radioactive isotopes and interactions between cosmic rays and the atmosphere. Gamma rays can also be produced by astronomical processes involving high energy electrons. They typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz and energies above 100 keV.
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This document discusses quantitative measurement of light through radiometry and photometry. It defines key terms like radiant flux, luminous flux, radiant intensity, luminous intensity, irradiance, illuminance, radiance and luminance. It discusses how these terms are used to measure different properties of light and visual perception in both absolute and relative terms. Clinical applications including visual acuity testing, visual field testing, color vision testing and electrophysiology rely on defined levels of luminance and illumination. Surgical procedures also require precise control and measurement of light levels.
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1) The document discusses reducing the effect of dispersion resulting from wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in optical networks. Dispersion occurs when light pulses spread out as they travel through fiber optic cables, which degrades signal quality over long distances.
2) WDM is used to increase network capacity but also introduces longer fiber lengths, exacerbating dispersion issues. Different types of dispersion are discussed, including chromatic dispersion which causes slower wavelengths to interfere with faster wavelengths from adjacent pulses.
3) Chromatic dispersion is modeled and compensated for using Gaussian minimum-shift keying modulation and linear filters, which can be applied at the transmitter or receiver to counteract the spreading effect of the fiber on light pulses.
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This document provides definitions and information about waves, including:
1) Definitions of amplitude, wavelength, and frequency.
2) The wave equation relates wave speed, frequency, and wavelength.
3) Light travels very fast, faster than sound, and we see objects because light reflects into our eyes.
4) Reflection, refraction, diffraction, and total internal reflection are described and examples are given.
Gamma rays
Gamma rays are the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, with very short wavelengths. They are produced during radioactive decay when the nucleus emits high-energy photons to rid itself of excess energy. Paul Villard discovered gamma radiation in 1900 while studying radiation emitted from radium. Gamma rays cause damage at the cellular level and can induce cancer or genetic damage from low levels of exposure or acute tissue damage at high levels.
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The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, which encompasses all frequencies of electromagnetic signals. It describes how frequency and wavelength relate, with frequency being measured in cycles per second and wavelength being the distance between cycles. The spectrum is divided into segments including radio frequencies, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, and more. Managing bandwidth and developing standards help maximize the efficient use of the limited available spectrum.
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This document provides an overview of microwaves and microwave heating technology. It discusses the properties of microwaves as transverse electromagnetic waves, their interactions with matter, and how microwave heating compares to conventional heating methods. The document also outlines SAIREM's microwave-assisted chemistry and extraction processes.
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This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the various dispersion mechanisms that are observed in optical fibers. Some fundamental terms and concepts are also discussed. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
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UV-Vis spectroscopy measures absorption of ultraviolet and visible light by molecules. It works on the principle of Beer-Lambert law, where absorption is directly proportional to concentration and path length of light through the sample. The instrument consists of a light source, monochromator, sample holder, and detector. Electronic transitions between molecular orbitals that can be detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy include σ-σ*, n-σ*, π-π*, and n-π* transitions. Sample preparation and choice of solvent are important factors to consider. UV-Vis spectroscopy has applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis, identification of compounds, and studying kinetics and equilibria.
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This document provides an overview of the nature of light. It begins by describing light as an electromagnetic wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields and does not require matter to travel through. It then discusses key characteristics of light, including its speed, the importance of light from the sun as an energy source, and the electromagnetic spectrum. The document proceeds to describe different types of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma rays. It provides examples of uses for each type of wave and notes both beneficial and harmful effects of exposure.
APPLICATIONS OF EM WAVES.ppt
Radio waves are used for GPS, wireless communications, and medical imaging. Microwaves are used in microwave ovens, radar, and satellite communications. Infrared is used in thermal imaging, remote controls, and night vision. Visible light is what we see, while ultraviolet sterilizes water and produces vitamin D. X-rays are used for medical imaging, and gamma rays are used for cancer treatment and in nuclear weapons. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and have different wavelengths and frequencies that determine their energy and ability to penetrate matter.
Electromagnetic spectrum.ppt
Electromagnetic waves travel as vibrations in electric and magnetic fields and include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. They are arranged in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves have various properties including speed, frequency, wavelength, and energy level, with higher frequency waves having higher energy. Different types of electromagnetic waves are used for various applications such as communication technologies, cooking, medical imaging, sterilization, and radiation therapy.
3.3 Electromagnetic Spectrum.pptx
The document describes the electromagnetic spectrum and different types of electromagnetic waves. It states that all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and discusses the key properties and uses of radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. The document also notes that electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths carry more energy and can be ionizing, while longer wavelength waves are generally non-ionizing but can still cause heating effects in tissues.
Chapter 16 electronics and information and communication technology (ict)
Electromagnetic waves transfer energy through space in the form of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum and differ only in their wavelength and frequency. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths and are used for communications technologies like radio, television and cellular networks. Electronic components like resistors are used in devices that transmit and receive radio waves.
Science8 Unit C Lightand Optics Lesson5 The Wave Modelof Light
Light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and travels in waves. Different colors of light have different wavelengths and frequencies. Various forms of electromagnetic radiation have technological applications and some can be dangerous.
REMOTE SENSING ppt.pptx
Electromagnetic radiation consists of electrical and magnetic fields that oscillate perpendicular to each other and travel together at the speed of light. Wavelength is the distance between wave peaks, and is inversely related to frequency, which is the number of waves that pass a point per unit time. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, with decreasing wavelengths and increasing frequencies and energies in that order.
Radio communication
This document provides an introduction to electromagnetic waves and antennas. It defines a wave as an oscillation that transfers energy through space and time. Electromagnetic waves are created by combining electric and magnetic fields and do not require a medium to travel. Key properties of electromagnetic waves include frequency, wavelength, and velocity. The document then discusses different areas of the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays. It provides examples of applications for different types of electromagnetic radiation. The document concludes by defining antennas as devices used for radiating or receiving electromagnetic waves and discussing different types of transmission lines like coaxial cables, microstrips, and striplines.
electromagnetic spectrum & its uses
This document provides an overview of the electromagnetic spectrum. It discusses the different types of electromagnetic waves including gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. These waves are classified based on their wavelength and frequency, with gamma rays having the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies, and radio waves having the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies. A variety of uses are described for each type of electromagnetic wave, including uses in medicine, communications, heating, and vision.
1_10. Electromagnetic Waves v3.0 board works adapted.ppt
Electromagnetic waves include light, microwaves, and X-rays. They are transverse waves that transfer energy and consist of electric and magnetic fields. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum. The wavelength and frequency determine the energy level, with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies carrying more energy. Electromagnetic waves can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted when hitting a surface, with the interaction depending on the material. The different types of electromagnetic waves form a continuous spectrum and can have varying effects on humans depending on their energy levels.
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves include light, microwaves, X-rays and more. They are transverse waves consisting of electric and magnetic fields that transfer energy. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum. The wavelength and frequency determine a wave's energy level, with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies carrying more energy. Electromagnetic waves can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted when hitting a surface, and can have different effects on humans depending on their energy level.
electromagnetic spectrum.ppt
Electromagnetic waves include light, microwaves, X-rays and more. They are transverse waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space carrying energy. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum. The wavelength and frequency determine the wave's energy, with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies carrying more energy. Electromagnetic waves can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted when hitting surfaces, and how they interact depends on their properties and the material. They form a continuous spectrum ranging from gamma rays to radio waves.
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Chapter 16 electronics and information and communication technology (ict)
Chapter 16 electronics and information and communication technology (ict)
Science8 Unit C Lightand Optics Lesson5 The Wave Modelof Light
Science8 Unit C Lightand Optics Lesson5 The Wave Modelof Light
1_10. Electromagnetic Waves v3.0 board works adapted.ppt
1_10. Electromagnetic Waves v3.0 board works adapted.ppt
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light
- 1. Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642) “Revealing great, unusual and remarkable spectacles, opening these to the consideration of every man, and especially of philosophers and astronomers….” SUNSPOTS
- 3. Properties of Waves All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed The speed of light: 300,000,000 m/s crest trough
- 4. Properties of Waves All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed The speed of light: 300,000,000 m/s Wavelength crest (length/cycle) trough Wavelength (λ): the length of one complete cycle
- 5. Properties of Waves All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed The speed of light: 300,000,000 m/s Wavelength crest (length/cycle) Amplitude trough Amplitude: 1/2 height between trough and crest
- 6. Wave Speed = wavelength x frequency Wave Speed = λ f (length/second) = (length/cycle) x (cycle/second)
- 7. Light as a Wave l c = 300,000 km/s = 3×108 m/s Light waves are characterized by a wavelength λ and a frequency f
- 10. Light as a Wave Wavelengths of light are measured in units of nanometers (nm) or Ångström (Å): 1 nm = 10-9 m 1 Å = 10-10 m = 0.1 nm Visible light has wavelengths between 4000 Å and 7000 Å (400 nm – 700 nm).
- 11. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Wavelength Frequency Need satellites to observe High flying air planes or satellites
- 12. Wavelengths and Colors Different colors of visible light correspond to different wavelengths.
- 13. Visible Light (VIS) 700 to 400 nm Our eyes are sensitive to this region of the spectrum Red-Orange-Yellow-Green-Blue-Indigo-Violet
- 14. Light as Particles • Light can also behave like a stream of particles, called photons • A photon has a specific energy E, • Energy is proportional to frequency and inversely proportional to wavelength E = h×f In other words, waves with shorter wavelengths (or higher frequency) have higher energy h = 6.626x10-34 J*s is the Planck constant. The energy of a photon does not depend on the intensity of the light!!!
- 15. Solar Radiation The Source for 99.9% of Earth’s Energy
- 16. Solar Spectrum The sun emits radiation at all wavelengths Most of its energy is in the IR-VIS-UV portions of the spectrum ~50% of the energy is in the visible region ~40% in the near-IR ~10% in the UV Wavelength (m)
- 17. RADIO WAVES Have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies of all the electromagnetic waves. A radio picks up radio waves through an antenna and converts it to sound waves. Each radio station in an area broadcasts at a different frequency. # on radio dial tells frequency. MRI (MAGNETIC RESONACE IMAGING) Uses radio waves with a magnet to create an image
- 18. MICROWAVES Microwaves—have the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequency of the radio waves. Used in microwave ovens. • Waves transfer energy to the water in the food causing them to vibrate which in turn transfers energy in the form of heat to the food. Used by cell phones and pagers. RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) • Used to find the speed of an object by sending out radio waves and measuring the time it takes them to return.
- 19. INFRARED RAYS Infrared= below red Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than microwaves. You can feel the longest ones as warmth on your skin Heat lamps give off infrared waves. Warm objects give off more heat energy than cool objects. Thermogram—a picture that shows regions of different temperatures in the body. Temperatures are calculated by the amount of infrared radiation given off. Therefore people give off infrared rays.
- 20. VISIBLE LIGHT Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than infrared rays. Electromagnetic waves we can see. Longest wavelength= red light Shortest wavelength= violet (purple) light When light enters a new medium it bends (refracts). Each wavelength bends a different amount allowing white light to separate into it’s various colors ROYGBIV.
- 21. ULTRAVIOLET RAYS Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than visible light Carry more energy than visible light Used to kill bacteria. (Sterilization of equipment) Causes your skin to produce vitamin D (good for teeth and bones) Too much can cause skin cancer. Use sun block to protect against (UV rays)
- 22. X- RAYS Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than UV-rays Carry a great amount of energy Can penetrate most matter. Bones and teeth absorb x-rays. (The light part of an x-ray image indicates a place where the x-ray was absorbed) Too much exposure can cause cancer (lead vest at dentist protects organs from unnecessary exposure) Used by engineers to check for tiny cracks in structures. The rays pass through the cracks and the cracks appear dark on film.
- 23. GAMMA RAYS Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than X-rays Carry the greatest amount of energy and penetrate the most. Used in radiation treatment to kill cancer cells. Can be very harmful if not used correctly.
- 24. SUMMARY All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed. (300,000,000 meters/second in a vacuum. They all have different wavelength and different frequencies. Long wavelength-lowest frequency Short wavelength highest frequency The higher the frequency the higher the energy.