When developing data center energy-use estimations, engineers must account for all sources of energy use in the facility. Most energy consumption is obvious: computers, cooling plant and related equipment, lighting, and other miscellaneous electrical loads. Designing efficient and effective data centers is a top priority for consulting engineers. Cooling is a large portion of data center energy use, second only to the IT load. Although there are several options to help maximize HVAC efficiency and minimize energy consumption, data centers come in many shapes, sizes, and configurations. By developing a deep understanding of their client’s data center HVAC requirements, consulting engineers can help maintain the necessary availability level of mission critical applications while reducing energy consumption.
When developing data center energy-use estimations, engineers must account for all sources of energy use in the facility. Most energy consumption is obvious: computers, cooling plant and related equipment, lighting, and other miscellaneous electrical loads. Designing efficient and effective data centers is a top priority for consulting engineers. Cooling is a large portion of data center energy use, second only to the IT load. Although there are several options to help maximize HVAC efficiency and minimize energy consumption, data centers come in many shapes, sizes, and configurations. By developing a deep understanding of their client’s data center HVAC requirements, consulting engineers can help maintain the necessary availability level of mission critical applications while reducing energy consumption.
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems is a thorough introduction on how HVAC systems control temperature, air quality and air circulation in a conditioned space.
Ideal for recent engineering graduates working in the HVAC&R industry, experienced engineers entering HVAC&R from another engineering area, as well as architects, technicians, construction or building management professionals who need to increase their knowledge of HVAC systems.
This course reader can function as a stand-alone reference, or may accompany the eLearning course, Fundamentals of HVAC Systems, online modules.
sehubungan dengan kebutuhan Internet of things (IoT) di segala bidang, maka diperlukan data center yang memenuhi standar, salah satu bagian vital pada data center yaitu bagian HVACnya, berikut saya lampirkan PPT pemaparan singkat mengenai HVAC pada data center, mohon maaf PPTnya masih acak-acak2an :D
semogaa bermanfaat
Its the detailed process of the Centralized Air conditioning system. It is the apt notes required for architecture students. It has the components and sub topics with the detailed explanation of the mechanism of how it works
Choosing a right cloud provider to host your mission-critical application on the cloud is a multi-dimensional challenge faced by most of the companies. This presentation provides you information on the various benefits, challenges, and insights while evaluating a cloud provider and helps you quickly make a decision to choose a right cloud partner for your business to host your application.
Discover & Migrate at Scale with AWS Migration Hub & Application Discovery Se...Amazon Web Services
Over the course of hundreds of mass migrations with our enterprise customers, we've seen migrations of one or more data centers into AWS, and the common theme is that tools are crucial for reliable and fast discovery and migration. In this workshop, you get hands on experience using AWS migration tools like AWS Migration Hub and Application Discovery Service to supercharge planning and execution of your migration and move more servers and databases in less time. Learn how to discover existing servers, analyze server dependencies, group your resources into applications, and automate migrations using AWS and partner migration tools.
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems is a thorough introduction on how HVAC systems control temperature, air quality and air circulation in a conditioned space.
Ideal for recent engineering graduates working in the HVAC&R industry, experienced engineers entering HVAC&R from another engineering area, as well as architects, technicians, construction or building management professionals who need to increase their knowledge of HVAC systems.
This course reader can function as a stand-alone reference, or may accompany the eLearning course, Fundamentals of HVAC Systems, online modules.
sehubungan dengan kebutuhan Internet of things (IoT) di segala bidang, maka diperlukan data center yang memenuhi standar, salah satu bagian vital pada data center yaitu bagian HVACnya, berikut saya lampirkan PPT pemaparan singkat mengenai HVAC pada data center, mohon maaf PPTnya masih acak-acak2an :D
semogaa bermanfaat
Its the detailed process of the Centralized Air conditioning system. It is the apt notes required for architecture students. It has the components and sub topics with the detailed explanation of the mechanism of how it works
Choosing a right cloud provider to host your mission-critical application on the cloud is a multi-dimensional challenge faced by most of the companies. This presentation provides you information on the various benefits, challenges, and insights while evaluating a cloud provider and helps you quickly make a decision to choose a right cloud partner for your business to host your application.
Discover & Migrate at Scale with AWS Migration Hub & Application Discovery Se...Amazon Web Services
Over the course of hundreds of mass migrations with our enterprise customers, we've seen migrations of one or more data centers into AWS, and the common theme is that tools are crucial for reliable and fast discovery and migration. In this workshop, you get hands on experience using AWS migration tools like AWS Migration Hub and Application Discovery Service to supercharge planning and execution of your migration and move more servers and databases in less time. Learn how to discover existing servers, analyze server dependencies, group your resources into applications, and automate migrations using AWS and partner migration tools.
In a fast-moving business environment, finance leaders are successfully leveraging technology advancements to transform their finance organizations and generate value for the business.
Oracle’s Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) applications are an integrated, modular suite that supports a broad range of strategic and financial performance management tools that help business to unlock their potential.
Dell’s global financial environment contains over 10,000 users around the world and relies on a range of EPM tools such as Hyperion Planning, Essbase, Smart View, DRM, and ODI to meet its needs.
This session shows the complexity of this environment, describing all relationships between those tools, the techniques used to maintain such a large environment in sync, and meeting the most varied needs from the different business and laws around the world to create a complete and powerful business decision engine that takes Dell to the next level.
Learn more about the tools, techniques and technologies for working productively with data at any scale. This presentation introduces the family of data analytics tools on AWS which you can use to collect, compute and collaborate around data, from gigabytes to petabytes. We'll discuss Amazon Elastic MapReduce, Hadoop, structured and unstructured data, and the EC2 instance types which enable high performance analytics.
Jon Einkauf, Senior Product Manager, Elastic MapReduce, AWS
Alan Priestley, Marketing Manager, Intel and Bob Harris, CTO, Channel 4
Air Quality Data Acquisition and Management SystemsAgilaire LLC
AirVision.®
Nice Thought Meets Well Thought Out.
Introducing AirVision. The first air monitoring system envisioned by industry
veterans and engineered from the ground up to provide automated data validation
from many different data sources. Simply, quickly and efficiently. A system that
can truly make you breathe easier. A system that’s truly the future, here today.
AirVision from Agilaire addresses monumental needs which existing ambient
monitoring systems can’t.
• Automated data handling from many different data paths
• Flexible data processing to assure data quality
• Broadband and wireless options to improve data access and visibility
With AirVision, your data will be accurate.
Immediate. Reliable. Easily available.
The pressure is off. Breathe.
A quick summary of the features and advantages of using PostgreSQL Plus in Cloud Database.
Points covered -
Cloud database with Oracle compatibility
Auto scale up and down
Auto healing
Schedule backup
(ATS6-PLAT07) Managing AEP in an enterprise environmentBIOVIA
Accelrys Enterprise Platform use within an Enterprise environment spans from Power users of Pipeline Pilot to web applications and High Performance Computing. Managing the balance between productivity and enterprise policies can be tricky. This session will focus on exposing the tools and processes needed by administrators to enable users to be productive, yet allowing IT to remain in control.
RightScale Webinar: October 30, 2008 – This webinar focuses on how the RightScale Platform handles autoscaling with specific instructions and a live demo. Watch the video at http://vimeo.com/rightscale/autoscaling-server-arrays.
Fundamentals of Big Data, Hadoop project design and case study or Use case
General planning consideration and most necessaries in Hadoop ecosystem and Hadoop projects
This will provide the basis for choosing the right Hadoop implementation, Hadoop technologies integration, adoption and creating an infrastructure.
Building applications using Apache Hadoop with a use-case of WI-FI log analysis has real life example.
Similar to 01 hap4 4-space - Hourly Analysis Program - Carrier (20)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
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Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
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introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
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Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
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We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
01 hap4 4-space - Hourly Analysis Program - Carrier
1. HAP 4.4 Basic Training SeminarHAP 4.4 Basic Training Seminar
2. Introductions
Your name and company name
How many years in the HVAC business?
What is your level of experience with this
software?
HAP 4.4 Basic Training Seminar
3. CARRIER’S E20-II DESIGN SOFTWARES
Block Load Program
Refrigerant Piping Program
Chilled Water Piping Program
Duct Design Program
Hourly Analysis Program
4. WHAT IS HAP?
HAP is a computer tool which assists
engineers in designing HVAC System,
for commercial Buildings.
First, it is a tool for estimating loads
and designing systems.
Second, it is a tool for simulating
energy use and calculating energy
costs.
Summary reports can be used to
compare building design alternatives
8. HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES
Easy to use load calculation.
System-based design (sizing
based on equipment type.
Based on ASHRAE Transfer
Function Method for load
calculation
9. Calculate design cooling and
heating loads for spaces, zones
and coils in the HVAC System.
Determines required airflow rates
for spaces zones and system.
Size chillers and boilers.
HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES
10. HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES
Uses detailed 8,760 hour-by-hour
energy simulation technique for
energy analysis.
Exceeds to minimum requirements
for the energy cost budget
compliance path for ASHRAE
Standard 90.1
Models different types of electric
and fuel rates.
11. Simulate hour-by-hour operation
of all HVAC systems in the
building.
Simulate hour-by-hour operation
of all plant equipment in the
building.
Simulate hour-by-hour operation
of non-HVAC systems, for
example lighting and appliances.
Calculate total annual energy use
and energy cost.
HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES
12. HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES
Generate tabular and graphical
energy reports of hourly, daily,
monthly and annual data.
Estimates the total emission of
CO2, SO2 and NOX due to the
consumption of energy and
fuel.
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 4:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00
15. ELEMENTS
The Smallest Segment of the Load
People, Lights, Other Watts, Walls,
Roofs, Floors, Etc.
Internal Load Elements Can Be
Scheduled
Proper ASHRAE TFM Equations
are Applied to each Element
16. SPACES
Smallest Area of the Building That
You Can Input
Allows Collection of Thermal Loads
From the Elements
Can be One Room, or a Series of
Rooms Depending on Your Goal
May or May NOT Have a Thermostat
17. ZONES
Group of One or More Spaces
Sharing One Thermostat
Single Zone Constant Volume
(SZCV) Systems - Direct Control of
Compression
Multiple Zone Systems Sub-Zone
Control Example: VAV Box Damper
18. AIR SYSTEMS
Equipment and Controls That
Provide Conditioning to a
Region of a Building
Can Serve Up To 100 Zones
Most Typically Represents an
Air Handling System,
Packages Rooftop Units or
Split systems
Effect of Control System is
Considered
19. PLANTS
Equipment & Controls Providing
Cooling and/or Heating to Coils in
one or more air systems
Examples: Chiller Plants, Hot Water
Boiler Plants and Steam Boiler
Plants
User Models “Generic” or Specific
“User-defined “
Can Serve Up To 250 Air Handlers
20. BUILDINGS
A Sum of all HVAC and Non-HVAC
Systems to Estimate Operating
Costs
Utility Rate Structures Applied
Miscellaneous Building Energy
Consumption
Energy Reports in Dollars
21. DATA LIMITS FOR ENTITIES
UnlimitedSchedules10.
External Shading Geometries
Doors
Windows
Roofs
Walls
Plants
Systems
Zones Per Air System
Spaces
Data Entity
Unlimited9.
Unlimited8.
Unlimited7.
Unlimited6.
Unlimited5.
1004.
1003.
2502.
1,2001.
Limit Per ProjectSl. #
22. WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP
Define the Scope and Objectives of
the design analysis
Gather data about the building,
weather and the equipment
Enter the data into HAP
• Create Project
• Define Weather Data
• Enter Construction Materials
• Enter Schedules
• Enter Space Data
23. Enter Air System Data
Enter Plant Data
Use HAP to generate system
and plant design
Select equipment from E-
CAT.
WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP
24. Enter Utility Rate Data
Enter Building Data
Generate Simulation Report
Evaluate Results
WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP
For performing Energy Analysis:
26. System Requirements
System Requirements (Minimum):
• Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT (Service Pack 4
or later), ME, 2000 or XP.
• 80486 Or Higher Microprocessor
• 25 to 30 Megabytes Space on Hard Drive.
• VGA with at least 800 x 600 resolution and 256
colors.
• At least 128 MB of RAM.
• A Mouse
• CD-ROM Drive
28. STARTING HAP 4.40
Windows Start BarWindows Start Bar
ProgramsPrograms
Carrier ECarrier E--cat and E20cat and E20--II ProgramsII Programs
Hourly Analysis ProgramHourly Analysis Program
32. PROJECTS
A “Project” contains data related
to a specific job.
Create a separate project for
each job.
Save a project either in the
default folder: E20-
IIProjectsProjectName or
Specify a folder yourself.
Projects can be archived to a
hard disk, to a zip drive or floppy
disks for safekeeping.
33. • Project Template
– Save Project As
• Name New Project
• Create New Folder
– Note Drive and
Path determined
by user
Embedded
Path
Save a Project
36. • Converting Previous HAP
version Project Data
• HAP Data Source
– Archive
– Active
• Active
– Choose Project from list
Live Demo
Convert a Project
37. • Importing HAP Data
– Project
– Import Data
– Select project to
import from
– Select ALL items to
import
– Click on Import
Button
– Confirm import
Import Project Data
39. Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve or
Convert
• Import Features
• Publish, e-Mail and
Export
• Project Properties
• Project Path
Publish, E-mail & Export
40. • Create Equipment
Tags
• e-Mail Project to
Carrier Sales
Engineer
• Select ventilation
standard
Publish, E-mail & Export
41. • Create Equipment
Tags
• e-Mail Project to
Carrier Sales
Engineer
• Select ventilation
standard
Project Ventilation Standard
42. Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve or
Convert
• Import Features
• Publish, e-Mail and
Export
• Project Properties
• Project Path
Project Properties
43. • Project list shows project name
and folder location.
• Sort alphabetically ascending or
descending on either the project
name or the project folder
• New “Find” button
– Used to find and add projects
that don’t currently appear in
your projects list
• Access project data across the
network and/or data recovery
situations.
Project Path
44. • How “Lost” or
“Disconnected” projects
can be reconnected to
the project list
• If project was deleted but
is still on the list, use the
Remove button to
remove the project from
your list.
• If a project was renamed,
moved or remapped,
then you can press the
Find button to search for
it.
Find a Project
45. • On the Find Project dialog press
the Help button for an overview of
the dialog features
• The Change button changes the
search path from the default path
D:E20-IIProjects to different
drives or paths specified.
• Permits sharing of projects when
users are running standalone
copies of the program. If a project
is saved to a folder on a shared
network drive. User can use the
“Find” feature to locate the project
and add it to his project list.
Find a Project
46. • The Carrier software has the following
capabilities in a network environment.
The software is network aware.
It permits sharing of data among users.
It permits sharing of programs among users.
It permits sharing of printers among users.
It is not client/server software.
It does not permit concurrent access to data.
Net work Installation
47. Installing the Software
On Windows 32 or 64 Bit OS
• Log in as the Network Administrator.
Stand Alone: Install to Local Drive
Network Install: any Network Drive
When Prompted:
• Enter Company Name Choose
Operating Mode
• Assign Read, Write, Create and
Destroy Privileges
Installation & Data Management
48. Stand Alone
HAP Installed on Local Drive
Project Data May Be Stored On Local
Drive Or The Network, But Only the
Creating User Can Access It.
User May Share With Others Via
Archive/Retrieve
Read, Write, Create & Destroy Privileges
Required To Create, Delete, or
Modify Projects If They Are Not
Stored On Local Drive
Installation & Data Management
49. Network, All Data Shared
Access To Any Project From Any
Terminal With HAP Installed
Projects May Be Stored On Any Drive
Desired
Read, Write, Create & Destroy
Privileges Required To Create,
Delete, or Modify Projects
Projects Protected From Simultaneous
Access By Users
Installation & Data Management
50. HELP
Help can be accessed in 2 ways:
• By pressing F1 Key or • Through HAP’s Help Menu
51. USING THE HELP SYSTEM IN HAP
Accessing Help
• The on-line help
system for HAP can
be launched
without running
HAP.
• Help sub-group
appears beneath
the “Carrier E-CAT
and E20-II
Programs” group.
52. COMPARISON BETWEEN HAP & BLOCKLOAD
Not AvailableAvailableEconomizer
Not AvailableAvailableReheat
Not AvailableAvailableHeat Reclaim
Not AvailableAvailableHumidification
Air system Components8
50250No. of air Systems that can be Entered7
1501200No. of Zones/Spaces that can be entered6
Not AvailableAvailableOption of space5
Not AvailableAvailableSizing of Chiller/Boiler4
Not AvailableAvailableAll Types of Systems e.g., AHU, FCU, VAV,
VVT, FPB in Specific
3
Not AvailableAvailableSchedule for People, equipment, TStats, etc.2
SameASHRAE Transfer
Function
Load Estimating Method1
Blockload V. 4.1HAP V. 4.40FeaturesSl. #
55. DESIGN WEATHER DATA
24-hour profile of Design Weather for ALL
12 months; DB, WB, and Solar
Data is used to estimate design cooling
loads using ASHRAE Transfer Function
Methodology
Source: 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of
Fundamentals
ASHRAE Winter Design DB, Coincident WB
at 50 % RH are used for design heating
loads, facilitating Humidification calculations
600+ Cities Globally (On HAP CD)
56. WEATHER DATA SETUP
Design Parameters
• Middle East, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
Accept ASHRAE Defaults
• GMT -3 Hr., No Daylight Savings
Design Temperature
• Monthly Max/Min (Use Program Defaults)
• Hourly Details (Use Program Defaults)
Design Solar
• Design Daily Max. Solar Heat Gains (Use
Defaults)
64. Wall, Roof and Windows Data
Modeling the Building Envelope
Walls, Roofs,Door and Windows
Stored in Libraries
65. HAP PROJECT LIBRARIES
Project Libraries
Walls, Roofs,
Windows, Doors
and External
Shading
Common
Construction
Types Editable By
User
Custom Transfer
Function coefficient
Calculator
66. Enter Wall/Roof Data
Single UI for Defining Walls &
Roofs
Total “R” and Overall “U” Values
Displayed on Input Screens
Utilize up to 10 Layers per
Assembly to Create Necessary
Transfer Function Coefficients
Allows for Much More Massive
and Complex Wall and Roof
Constructions
68. ENTER WINDOWS & DOORS
WINDOWS AND DOORS Calculation Enhancements
Based on ASHRAE
procedures
Store Unlimited Window Types
Per Project
Single UI with Two Levels of
Detail
Doors are now a Library
Component
Shading Geometry is now
a Library Component
70. SHADING – INTERNAL & EXTERNAL
The Effects of Shading on Solar
Loads and Peak Times
Internal Shading Effects
External Shading Geometry
71. SHADING – INTERNAL
INTERNAL SHADING
Affects Solar Radiation in Two Ways
• Reduces Overall Transmission of
Solar into Building (Reflects Back
Out of Window) Reducing
Overall Shade Coefficient
• Changes Rate of Conversion
From Heat Gain to Cooling Load
(Storage Effect of the Mass).
72. SHADING – INTERNAL
INTERNAL SHADING
Solar Heat is Released Over Time to Room
Air and Becomes Cooling Load. The Shading
Device Absorbs Solar Heat Transmitted
through Glass. Shading Device is Less
Massive than Walls, Floor Etc., Causing Solar
Heat to be Converted to Load Much Faster
than if Solar Heat Was Absorbed By Floor.
The First Effect Reduces the Total Solar Heat.
The Second Effect Speeds Up the Conversion
of Solar Heat Gain to Cooling Load
75. EXTERNAL SHADE - OVERHANGS
• Overhang Height
– Vertical distance between top
of window opening & bottom
of overhang
– Zero for Conference Room
• Overhang Extension
– Distance from wall to outer
extension of overhang
– Zero for Conference Room
76. EXTERNAL SHADE - FINS
• Fin Separation
– Assumes fins on both sides of
window
– Distance between window
opening & fin
– Zero for Conference Room
• Fin Extension
– Distance from the wall to the to
the outer edge of the fin
– Zero for Conference Room
77. SHADING – EXTERNAL
EXTERNAL SHADING
Addition of Shade Geometry as
a Library Component
Permits Common Shading
Geometry For Reveals, Fins,
and Overhangs to be Reused
From Space to Space
84. SCHEDULES
Real-time” Use of the Building
Engineer Must “Interrogate”
Building User to Determine
“Turndown” of Loads
Completely User Defined
Graphic User Interface Input
Features
85. SCHEDULES
Schedule Types
Fractional
Schedules Define
Internal Load
Variance From
Design Each Hour
Fan/Thermostat–
Switch from Occ to
Unocc Mode
Utility Rate Time of
Day – Peak/Off
Peak Energy Rate
Schedule
86. Up to Eight Profiles
Per Schedule
(Used in both
Design and Energy
Simulation)
SCHEDULES
87. HAP SCHEDULE TYPES
Profiles may be
Assigned to ANY
Combination of
Day Types and
Months
92. SPACE INPUT
Smallest Area of the Building That
You Can Input
Allows Collection of Thermal Loads
From the Elements
Can be One Room, or a Series of
Rooms Depending on Your Goal
May or May NOT Have a
Thermostat
93. Input Spaces Thermally - Interior vs. Perimeter; North vs.
South; Etc.
Accumulate Spaces Into Zones Later
Allows the Most Flexibility When Playing “What If” Zoning Games
Later
Computer Programs Need Enough Detail to Do It Right
SPACE INPUT
95. General Tab
• Ceiling Height Links
to ACH Calculations
for Infiltration and
Zone Minimum
Airflow
• OA Ventilation by
ASHRAE 62.1-2004
Space Usage
SPACE INPUT
97. Outdoor Air Flow Requirements
If the ventilation standard defines only one outdoor air
requirement, specify it and leave the second requirement value
as zero.
When values are specified for both outdoor air requirements ,
the program will sum the two ventilation requirements to
obtain the total requirement for
Some codes or standards define two requirements per
occupied space. One is typically on a per person basis to
address pollutants or odors. The second is typically on a per
floor area to address pollutants generated by materials in the
space such as carpeting and furnishings.
98. VENTILATION
• Activity & use dictate how much fresh air.
• Use ASHRAE Guide lines
13b_CSD401_DesProjMan _Ver2.1a
VENTILATION
Taken from ASHRAE table 2 of Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation
2.1 Commercial Facilities (Offices, Stores, Shops, Hotels, Sports Facilities)
Application
Office Space
Conference Rooms
Estimated
Maximum
Occupancy
P/1000sqft
Cfm/
Person
Cfm/
sqft
Comments
7
50
20
20
.
Some Office equip may need Local Exh .
Supplemental smoke removal equip.
may be required.
Corridors & Utilities .0.05..
Smoking Lounges 70 60 . .
Public Restroom - cfm/urinal
Locker or dressing rooms
50 25
0.5
Normally supplied by transfer air - local
mech exhaust - no recirculation .
Elevators . . 1.0 Normally supplied by transfer air.
100. LIGHTING FIXTURE TYPES
• Fixture Type:
– Recessed, vented
• Located above ceiling
• Return air passes over lights
– Recessed, not vented
• Located above ceiling
• Return air does not pass over lights
– Free hanging
• Located below ceiling in the zone space
• Conference Room: Recessed, Vented
101. LIGHTING
• Watts/SqFt of net floor area or Total
Watts
• Unoccupied Use
– The % used during unoccupied
period of day (When Equipment is
off)
• Wattage Multiplier (for fluorescent)
– 1.25 for ballast - standard efficiency
– 1.20 for ballast - high efficiency
103. MORE COMMONLY USED FLUORESCENT LIGHTS
Ballast Loss = 0.2EE
0.8E
0.8E = Rated Watt
Amps
Ballast = 0.2/0.8 =
25%
104. OCCUPANCY/NUMBER OF PEOPLE
• People Density from ASHRAE
– SqFt/Person (Based on Net Floor
Area)
– ASHRAE = 7.0P/1000SqFt (Office)
– 1000/7 = 143 SqFt/P
• Activity Levels (6):
– 6th - User Defined
– Sensible & Latent Varies
With Activity
– Office Work
• 245 Sensible
• 205 Latent
105. OTHER ELECTRIC
• Equipment in the Zone
– Computers
– Machinery
• Watts/sq. ft. of Net Floor Area:
Easily up to 0.5 w/sq.ft in offices
• Unocc. Use: 0 %
106. MISCELLANEOUS LOADS
• Sensible & Latent from non-
electric sources
• Unusual Loads
– Gas-Fired Equipment
– Bunsen Burners
– Exothermic Reactions
– Evaporation
– Steam Leaks
– Piping, Tanks
– Zero for Conference Room
112. SPACE INPUT
Infiltration Option to Define in Air Changes Per Hour (Average Ceiling
Height Input added)
Infiltration Input L/s /M². Now Refers to Gross Wall Area (NOT Floor Area)
114. Transmission Below Grade
Ground Temperature near
the surface is close to the
outside air temperature,
but further down its value
varies between 45F to
60F.
There is very limited
impact on cooling load as
most of the heat transfer
is a heat loss.
116. SLAB FLOOR ON OR BELOW GROUND
• Area: Area of slab floor
• Perimeter: Length of slab exterior
• Depth: Distance below ground level
• Program computes basement walls =
(perimeter x depth)
Top FloorsTop Floors -- No SlabNo Slab
117. SPACE INPUT
Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values
Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values
Ability to Directly Specify the Basement
Wall “U”-Value
119. Partitions - Wall next
to Non Conditioned
Space
Conditioned
Space
PartitionsPartitions
Wall next to a space whoseWall next to a space whose
temperature differs from thetemperature differs from the
zone design temperaturezone design temperature
Example: Room next toExample: Room next to
stairwell or a toiletstairwell or a toilet
Exposed Wall
120. SPACE INPUT SUMMARY
Space Inputs
Majority of Input
Time Spent in
Modeling Spaces
Hot Keys Linked to
Schedules and
Libraries
Average ceiling
height - Volume
calculation for
infiltration air
changes
1,200 Unique
spaces per project
(Multipliers allowed)
121. Right Mouse click on
Highlighted space
Gives You The:
• Ability to Duplicate
Spaces
• Ability to Edit Space
Inputs & Orientation
• Generate Reports
SPACE INPUT