The document provides an overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE). It discusses the motivation for LTE to evolve UMTS towards a packet-only system with higher data rates. The workplan for LTE included feasibility studies from 2004-2006 and standardization work beginning in 2007. Key requirements for LTE included improved spectral efficiency, latency, and support for advanced services. The LTE air interface uses OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink, with adaptive modulation up to 64-QAM. Multiple antenna techniques like beamforming and spatial multiplexing are integrated in LTE to improve throughput.
This document provides an overview of 3G LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies. It discusses key LTE concepts like OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO and the system architecture evolution. OFDM enables high data bandwidths and resilience to interference. OFDMA is used for the downlink while SC-FDMA is used for the uplink due to its lower peak-to-average power ratio. MIMO uses multiple antennas to increase throughput. LTE also features increased speeds, lower latency and improved spectral efficiency compared to previous standards.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the successor to 3G UMTS and HSPA cellular networks. It was developed by 3GPP to provide significantly higher data download speeds and lay the foundation for 4G networks. LTE uses OFDM modulation and either OFDMA or SC-FDMA for multiple access, which allows it to achieve higher spectral efficiency and latency below 10ms compared to prior standards. This enables LTE to meet increasing demands for high-speed data transmission.
LTE-Advanced aims to meet and exceed the requirements for IMT-Advanced, or 4G, standards by 2020 by evolving beyond the 3GPP LTE Release 8 specification. Key technologies for LTE-Advanced include carrier aggregation to support bandwidths up to 100 MHz, advanced antenna techniques like 8x8 MIMO to increase peak data rates, and heterogeneous networks using small cells to improve coverage and capacity. Coordinated multipoint transmission and reception and relays are also specified to enhance macro network performance and enable efficient small cell deployments.
The document summarizes Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It discusses the evolution of LTE from 3G networks and its key features like downlink speeds of 100Mbps. The technologies that LTE uses are described, including OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink. LTE architecture is explained as a flat all-IP architecture with E-UTRAN and EPC components. Future applications of LTE Advanced and 4G are also mentioned.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
The document is a tutorial on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It provides an overview of LTE architecture, which includes the Evolved Packet Core and E-UTRAN access network. It also describes the LTE radio interface protocol layers and channels. The document discusses topics like LTE scheduling, hybrid ARQ, and the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service in LTE.
This document provides an overview of LTE technology including:
- The evolution of 3G UMTS networks and the motivation for developing LTE standards.
- Key requirements for LTE such as higher data rates, improved spectrum efficiency, and reduced latency.
- An overview of LTE release versions and their major features such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, E-UTRAN architecture.
- LTE frequency bands and the expansion of spectrum for 3GPP standards.
- How LTE-Advanced builds upon LTE to meet IMT-Advanced specifications including carrier aggregation and advanced MIMO.
This document provides an overview of 3G LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies. It discusses key LTE concepts like OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO and the system architecture evolution. OFDM enables high data bandwidths and resilience to interference. OFDMA is used for the downlink while SC-FDMA is used for the uplink due to its lower peak-to-average power ratio. MIMO uses multiple antennas to increase throughput. LTE also features increased speeds, lower latency and improved spectral efficiency compared to previous standards.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the successor to 3G UMTS and HSPA cellular networks. It was developed by 3GPP to provide significantly higher data download speeds and lay the foundation for 4G networks. LTE uses OFDM modulation and either OFDMA or SC-FDMA for multiple access, which allows it to achieve higher spectral efficiency and latency below 10ms compared to prior standards. This enables LTE to meet increasing demands for high-speed data transmission.
LTE-Advanced aims to meet and exceed the requirements for IMT-Advanced, or 4G, standards by 2020 by evolving beyond the 3GPP LTE Release 8 specification. Key technologies for LTE-Advanced include carrier aggregation to support bandwidths up to 100 MHz, advanced antenna techniques like 8x8 MIMO to increase peak data rates, and heterogeneous networks using small cells to improve coverage and capacity. Coordinated multipoint transmission and reception and relays are also specified to enhance macro network performance and enable efficient small cell deployments.
The document summarizes Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It discusses the evolution of LTE from 3G networks and its key features like downlink speeds of 100Mbps. The technologies that LTE uses are described, including OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink. LTE architecture is explained as a flat all-IP architecture with E-UTRAN and EPC components. Future applications of LTE Advanced and 4G are also mentioned.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
The document is a tutorial on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It provides an overview of LTE architecture, which includes the Evolved Packet Core and E-UTRAN access network. It also describes the LTE radio interface protocol layers and channels. The document discusses topics like LTE scheduling, hybrid ARQ, and the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service in LTE.
This document provides an overview of LTE technology including:
- The evolution of 3G UMTS networks and the motivation for developing LTE standards.
- Key requirements for LTE such as higher data rates, improved spectrum efficiency, and reduced latency.
- An overview of LTE release versions and their major features such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, E-UTRAN architecture.
- LTE frequency bands and the expansion of spectrum for 3GPP standards.
- How LTE-Advanced builds upon LTE to meet IMT-Advanced specifications including carrier aggregation and advanced MIMO.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G mobile communication standard that provides faster download and upload speeds. The document outlines LTE's targets including peak data rates of 100 Mbps download and evolution to support speeds up to 1 Gbps. It describes LTE's architecture including nodes like the EPC, eNB and focuses on enabling technologies like OFDM and MIMO to achieve its high speed goals and spectrum flexibility.
Overview of LTE Air-Interface Technical White PaperGoing LTE
1) The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE), a planned evolution of the 3G UMTS mobile communications standard to improve speed and capacity.
2) It provides an overview of the new LTE E-UTRA air interface, including performance requirements, key technologies like OFDM for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and control channel design.
3) Initial system simulations show LTE can provide 2-3x the throughput of existing 3G systems for both uplink and downlink.
LTE is a 4G wireless technology developed by 3GPP to provide high-speed data and media transport, as well as high-capacity voice support into the next decade. It combines OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase peak data rates while improving spectral efficiency and lowering costs. LTE aims to meet carrier needs through flexible scalable bandwidth, support for FDD and TDD spectrum, and simplified network architecture. It is designed to evolve GSM, WCDMA and CDMA networks towards an all-IP packet-switched system.
The document provides an overview of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network technology. It discusses the goals and key features of LTE, including increased data rates, improved spectral efficiency, scalable bandwidths, OFDM modulation in the downlink, SC-FDMA in the uplink, and multiple antenna techniques. It also describes the LTE network architecture including the Evolved Packet Core and compares LTE to other technologies such as WiMAX.
UMTS Long Term Evolution, LTE, is the technology of choice for the majority of network operators worldwide for providing mobile
broadband data and high-speed internet access to their subscriber base. Due to the high commitment LTE is the innovation platform
for the wireless industry for the next decade.
This class will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this course you will have an understanding of
OFDM-principles including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO),
a fundamental part of LTE, will be explained as well as its impact on the design of device and network architecture. We’ll give a quick
introduction into the evolution of this technology including future upgrades of LTE features like multimedia broadcast, location based
services and increasing bandwidth through carrier aggregation.
The second part of the course will provide an overview including practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device
while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receiver sensitivity. We’ll address how
to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will introduce application based testing by demonstrating
end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication
Tester. Examples of application tests are voice over LTE, VoLTE or Video over LTE.
The document provides an overview of 4G LTE and LTE-Advanced mobile communication technologies. It discusses key 4G enabling technologies like OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. LTE aims to achieve peak rates of 100 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink within 20 MHz bandwidth. LTE-Advanced further enhances LTE by introducing carrier aggregation to support bandwidths up to 100 MHz, advanced MIMO techniques, and coordinated multipoint transmission. The evolution to 4G using these technologies has significantly improved wireless communication capabilities.
OTN networks provide transparent transport of client signals while protecting client management information and enabling low latency transport through enhanced fault detection and correction capabilities. Ciena enhances OTN with support for low-rate client interfaces, sub-wavelength grooming to improve efficiency, and intelligent control plane automation. The Optical Transport Network defined in ITU G.709 standards allows convergence of networks through transport of legacy and future client protocols with flexibility.
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
The document provides an overview of LTE and its evolution from previous cellular standards. It discusses the targets of LTE including high data rates up to 100 Mbps, low latency, high spectral efficiency, and flexibility in spectrum and bandwidth. It also describes the EPS architecture with E-UTRAN, EPC, and the air interface structure of LTE including OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. Key layers like the PHY, MAC, and RLC layers are also summarized.
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to LTE networks. It describes key technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. The LTE network architecture is presented, including elements such as the E-UTRAN, MME, serving gateway, PDN gateway, and HSS. The interfaces between these elements are also outlined.
The document provides an introduction to Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication technology. It describes how LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques to provide better performance with higher throughput and reduced interference compared to prior standards. It also discusses how LTE supports scalable channel bandwidths from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, including its network architecture, modulation techniques, and throughput calculation. It discusses key aspects of LTE such as OFDM, OFDMA, adaptive modulation and coding, MIMO antennas, and the use of SC-FDMA for uplink transmission. Diagrams and equations are presented to illustrate LTE resource blocks, modulation schemes, and how to calculate throughput at the MAC layer for different bandwidths, modulation types, and MIMO configurations. The purpose is to introduce basic concepts of LTE for telecommunications engineering students.
The document provides an overview of LTE, including its history within evolving mobile communication standards, the 3GPP standardization process, and key targets and technologies defined for LTE. Some of the major goals for LTE included supporting peak data rates up to 100Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink, latency under 5ms, support for bandwidths up to 20MHz, incorporation of multiple antenna technologies, and compatibility with existing standards like UMTS. LTE aimed to substantially improve spectral efficiency and user experience over prior 3G technologies.
This document provides an overview of LTE-Advanced radio layer 2 and radio resource control aspects. It discusses LTE-Advanced features such as carrier aggregation, coordinated multi-point transmission and reception, emergency calls, positioning, public warning systems, and home eNB. It describes the E-UTRAN architecture and user and control plane protocol stacks. Key aspects covered include system information, connection control, radio resource control states, mobility, radio link failure handling, random access, and scheduling. Performance metrics on uplink and downlink latency and handover interruptions are also mentioned.
The document describes optical transport network (OTN) technology. It discusses OTN architecture, which consists of an optical layer and electrical layer. The document outlines the OTN hierarchy including optical transport unit (OTU), optical channel data unit (ODU), and optical channel payload unit (OPU). It also describes OTN multiplexing and mapping methods, as well as the overhead bytes included in OTN frames for functions like operations, administration, management and provisioning.
The document provides an overview of the Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) networking standard. It describes GFP's frame format and two modes: framed and transparent. Framed GFP maps each client frame into a GFP frame, while transparent GFP allows mapping multiple client data streams. Applications discussed include packet routing over SONET/SDH links using GFP, resilient packet rings using a ring header, and extending LANs/SANs over WANs using transparent encapsulation.
- The document discusses LTE introduction and technologies. It provides an overview of the evolution of wireless technologies towards LTE.
- Key aspects of LTE covered include the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), the radio access network E-UTRAN consisting of eNodeBs, and LTE user equipment (UE).
- Physical layer technologies enabling LTE such as OFDM, MIMO, link adaptation, and channel scheduling are discussed. The document also outlines the LTE network architecture and components.
This document provides an overview of Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology presented by Samit Basak at the University of Greenwich on November 23rd, 2011. The presentation outlines LTE characteristics such as peak throughput speeds over 100 Mb/s, increased spectrum efficiency, low latency, and flexible spectrum use. It describes LTE architecture including eNodeBs, MMEs, and gateways. It also explains the use of OFDMA for downlinks and SC-FDMA for uplinks, addressing their benefits around orthogonal multiple access and lower peak-to-average power ratio, respectively. In closing, it briefly summarizes key aspects covered and proposes further research on LTE layers 2 and mobility enhancements.
This document provides an overview of LTE and EPC networks. It describes the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 4G technologies such as LTE. It outlines the key components of the LTE/EPC network architecture including eNodeBs, MMEs, SGWs, and PGWs. It also describes the tracking area and connection state concepts for mobility management in LTE networks. Finally, it discusses EPS bearers which provide the identity and connectivity for data transmission from the UE through the EUTRAN and EPC to external networks.
LTE-Advanced Enhancements and Future Radio Access Toward 2020Praveen Kumar
1) The document discusses enhancements to LTE and future radio access technologies being studied by NTT DOCOMO for release 12 and beyond.
2) Key areas of study include small cell enhancements, 3D and full dimension MIMO, interference cancellation techniques, device-to-device communications, and dynamic TDD.
3) Looking further to 2020 and beyond, requirements for future radio access include supporting 1000x capacity increases, low latency applications, and connectivity for billions of devices. Evolution paths may include further LTE enhancements as well as new radio access technologies utilizing new spectrum allocations.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Key points include:
- LTE is designed to provide high-speed data and media transport with high-capacity voice support through the next decade.
- It enables high-performance mobile broadband services using high bitrates and system throughput in both uplink and downlink with low latency.
- The LTE infrastructure is designed to be simple to deploy and operate across flexible frequency bands from less than 5MHz to 20MHz.
- The LTE-SAE architecture reduces network nodes and supports flexible configurations for high service availability across multiple standards.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G mobile communication standard that provides faster download and upload speeds. The document outlines LTE's targets including peak data rates of 100 Mbps download and evolution to support speeds up to 1 Gbps. It describes LTE's architecture including nodes like the EPC, eNB and focuses on enabling technologies like OFDM and MIMO to achieve its high speed goals and spectrum flexibility.
Overview of LTE Air-Interface Technical White PaperGoing LTE
1) The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE), a planned evolution of the 3G UMTS mobile communications standard to improve speed and capacity.
2) It provides an overview of the new LTE E-UTRA air interface, including performance requirements, key technologies like OFDM for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and control channel design.
3) Initial system simulations show LTE can provide 2-3x the throughput of existing 3G systems for both uplink and downlink.
LTE is a 4G wireless technology developed by 3GPP to provide high-speed data and media transport, as well as high-capacity voice support into the next decade. It combines OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase peak data rates while improving spectral efficiency and lowering costs. LTE aims to meet carrier needs through flexible scalable bandwidth, support for FDD and TDD spectrum, and simplified network architecture. It is designed to evolve GSM, WCDMA and CDMA networks towards an all-IP packet-switched system.
The document provides an overview of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network technology. It discusses the goals and key features of LTE, including increased data rates, improved spectral efficiency, scalable bandwidths, OFDM modulation in the downlink, SC-FDMA in the uplink, and multiple antenna techniques. It also describes the LTE network architecture including the Evolved Packet Core and compares LTE to other technologies such as WiMAX.
UMTS Long Term Evolution, LTE, is the technology of choice for the majority of network operators worldwide for providing mobile
broadband data and high-speed internet access to their subscriber base. Due to the high commitment LTE is the innovation platform
for the wireless industry for the next decade.
This class will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this course you will have an understanding of
OFDM-principles including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO),
a fundamental part of LTE, will be explained as well as its impact on the design of device and network architecture. We’ll give a quick
introduction into the evolution of this technology including future upgrades of LTE features like multimedia broadcast, location based
services and increasing bandwidth through carrier aggregation.
The second part of the course will provide an overview including practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device
while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receiver sensitivity. We’ll address how
to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will introduce application based testing by demonstrating
end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication
Tester. Examples of application tests are voice over LTE, VoLTE or Video over LTE.
The document provides an overview of 4G LTE and LTE-Advanced mobile communication technologies. It discusses key 4G enabling technologies like OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. LTE aims to achieve peak rates of 100 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink within 20 MHz bandwidth. LTE-Advanced further enhances LTE by introducing carrier aggregation to support bandwidths up to 100 MHz, advanced MIMO techniques, and coordinated multipoint transmission. The evolution to 4G using these technologies has significantly improved wireless communication capabilities.
OTN networks provide transparent transport of client signals while protecting client management information and enabling low latency transport through enhanced fault detection and correction capabilities. Ciena enhances OTN with support for low-rate client interfaces, sub-wavelength grooming to improve efficiency, and intelligent control plane automation. The Optical Transport Network defined in ITU G.709 standards allows convergence of networks through transport of legacy and future client protocols with flexibility.
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
The document provides an overview of LTE and its evolution from previous cellular standards. It discusses the targets of LTE including high data rates up to 100 Mbps, low latency, high spectral efficiency, and flexibility in spectrum and bandwidth. It also describes the EPS architecture with E-UTRAN, EPC, and the air interface structure of LTE including OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. Key layers like the PHY, MAC, and RLC layers are also summarized.
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to LTE networks. It describes key technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. The LTE network architecture is presented, including elements such as the E-UTRAN, MME, serving gateway, PDN gateway, and HSS. The interfaces between these elements are also outlined.
The document provides an introduction to Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication technology. It describes how LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques to provide better performance with higher throughput and reduced interference compared to prior standards. It also discusses how LTE supports scalable channel bandwidths from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, including its network architecture, modulation techniques, and throughput calculation. It discusses key aspects of LTE such as OFDM, OFDMA, adaptive modulation and coding, MIMO antennas, and the use of SC-FDMA for uplink transmission. Diagrams and equations are presented to illustrate LTE resource blocks, modulation schemes, and how to calculate throughput at the MAC layer for different bandwidths, modulation types, and MIMO configurations. The purpose is to introduce basic concepts of LTE for telecommunications engineering students.
The document provides an overview of LTE, including its history within evolving mobile communication standards, the 3GPP standardization process, and key targets and technologies defined for LTE. Some of the major goals for LTE included supporting peak data rates up to 100Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink, latency under 5ms, support for bandwidths up to 20MHz, incorporation of multiple antenna technologies, and compatibility with existing standards like UMTS. LTE aimed to substantially improve spectral efficiency and user experience over prior 3G technologies.
This document provides an overview of LTE-Advanced radio layer 2 and radio resource control aspects. It discusses LTE-Advanced features such as carrier aggregation, coordinated multi-point transmission and reception, emergency calls, positioning, public warning systems, and home eNB. It describes the E-UTRAN architecture and user and control plane protocol stacks. Key aspects covered include system information, connection control, radio resource control states, mobility, radio link failure handling, random access, and scheduling. Performance metrics on uplink and downlink latency and handover interruptions are also mentioned.
The document describes optical transport network (OTN) technology. It discusses OTN architecture, which consists of an optical layer and electrical layer. The document outlines the OTN hierarchy including optical transport unit (OTU), optical channel data unit (ODU), and optical channel payload unit (OPU). It also describes OTN multiplexing and mapping methods, as well as the overhead bytes included in OTN frames for functions like operations, administration, management and provisioning.
The document provides an overview of the Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) networking standard. It describes GFP's frame format and two modes: framed and transparent. Framed GFP maps each client frame into a GFP frame, while transparent GFP allows mapping multiple client data streams. Applications discussed include packet routing over SONET/SDH links using GFP, resilient packet rings using a ring header, and extending LANs/SANs over WANs using transparent encapsulation.
- The document discusses LTE introduction and technologies. It provides an overview of the evolution of wireless technologies towards LTE.
- Key aspects of LTE covered include the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), the radio access network E-UTRAN consisting of eNodeBs, and LTE user equipment (UE).
- Physical layer technologies enabling LTE such as OFDM, MIMO, link adaptation, and channel scheduling are discussed. The document also outlines the LTE network architecture and components.
This document provides an overview of Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology presented by Samit Basak at the University of Greenwich on November 23rd, 2011. The presentation outlines LTE characteristics such as peak throughput speeds over 100 Mb/s, increased spectrum efficiency, low latency, and flexible spectrum use. It describes LTE architecture including eNodeBs, MMEs, and gateways. It also explains the use of OFDMA for downlinks and SC-FDMA for uplinks, addressing their benefits around orthogonal multiple access and lower peak-to-average power ratio, respectively. In closing, it briefly summarizes key aspects covered and proposes further research on LTE layers 2 and mobility enhancements.
This document provides an overview of LTE and EPC networks. It describes the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 4G technologies such as LTE. It outlines the key components of the LTE/EPC network architecture including eNodeBs, MMEs, SGWs, and PGWs. It also describes the tracking area and connection state concepts for mobility management in LTE networks. Finally, it discusses EPS bearers which provide the identity and connectivity for data transmission from the UE through the EUTRAN and EPC to external networks.
LTE-Advanced Enhancements and Future Radio Access Toward 2020Praveen Kumar
1) The document discusses enhancements to LTE and future radio access technologies being studied by NTT DOCOMO for release 12 and beyond.
2) Key areas of study include small cell enhancements, 3D and full dimension MIMO, interference cancellation techniques, device-to-device communications, and dynamic TDD.
3) Looking further to 2020 and beyond, requirements for future radio access include supporting 1000x capacity increases, low latency applications, and connectivity for billions of devices. Evolution paths may include further LTE enhancements as well as new radio access technologies utilizing new spectrum allocations.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Key points include:
- LTE is designed to provide high-speed data and media transport with high-capacity voice support through the next decade.
- It enables high-performance mobile broadband services using high bitrates and system throughput in both uplink and downlink with low latency.
- The LTE infrastructure is designed to be simple to deploy and operate across flexible frequency bands from less than 5MHz to 20MHz.
- The LTE-SAE architecture reduces network nodes and supports flexible configurations for high service availability across multiple standards.
4 g(lte) principle and key technology training and certificate 2Taiz Telecom
The document provides an overview of 4G LTE principles and key technologies. It discusses LTE evolution from 3G standards and introduces some of LTE's main features like OFDMA, MIMO and improved spectral efficiency. It describes LTE network elements including eNodeB, MME, SGW, PGW and PCRF. It also covers the LTE air interface and interconnection between network interfaces.
Long Term Evolution. 3GPP Release 8, 2009.
2. Initially developed as 3.9G (Pre-4G) cellular technology
Now sold as 4G.
3. Many different bands: 700/1500/1700/2100/2600 MHz
4. Flexible Bandwidth: 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 MHz
5. Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) and
Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
Both paired and unpaired spectrum
6. 4x4 MIMO, Multi-user collaborative MIMO
7. Beamforming in the downlink
This tutorial has been designed for audiences with a need to understand the LTE technology basics in very simple terms. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on LTE technology from where you can take yourself at higher level of expertise.
This document provides an overview of Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) used in UMTS networks. It discusses the need for a new radio access system beyond TDMA and FDMA to support higher data rates. WCDMA uses CDMA to exploit the entire bandwidth constantly. The document outlines WCDMA performance enhancements over time through 3GPP releases and describes key aspects of WCDMA including codes, network architecture, propagation, diversity techniques, power control and handover types.
This document provides an overview of cellular technology roadmaps and standards including LTE and UMTS. It summarizes the evolution of technologies like W-CDMA, HSPA, HSPA+ and LTE over time with increasing download/upload speeds. It describes the key aspects of LTE including OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO and LTE-Advanced. It also provides an overview of UMTS architecture and air interface standards like W-CDMA, HSDPA and HSUPA.
The document discusses an introduction to LTE presentation given on November 9th, 2012 in Jakarta by Arief Hamdani Gunawan. The presentation covers:
1. An introduction to LTE including the evolution of 3G technologies and the motivation for developing LTE.
2. An overview of the key LTE technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the LTE frequency bands.
3. A discussion of the 3GPP release process and the key features introduced in releases 6-10 such as HSPA, LTE, LTE-Advanced, and carrier aggregation.
PLNOG 17 - Piotr Gruszczyński - Mobile Fronthaul - ewolucja (a może i rewoluc...PROIDEA
Fronthaul jest rozwijającą się koncepcją, która spowoduje drastyczne wzrost zapotrzebowania na pasmo transmisyjne w sieciach mobilnych, skalą znacznie przewyższajacą to co znamy z wymagań dla Mobile Backhaul. Założenia dla LTE Advanced oraz 5G oraz wirtualizacja kolejnych funkcji już skutkują intensywnymi pracami jak dostarczyć odpowiednie przpustowość do stacji bazowych sieci mobilnych - tych których jeszcze nie ma na rynku.
This presentation is for the people who are interested in mobile release and specifications announced by 3GPP every year, presentation cover all release up to release 12.
Objective is to include the brief insight on 5G network architecture and standard progress, Accumulated it from different paper/journal, vendor’s white paper and different blog.
The document discusses 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) projects. LTE aims to enhance UTRA to ensure continued competitiveness through higher peak data rates, lower latency, improved spectrum efficiency and reduced costs. SAE focuses on enhancing packet-switched technology for higher data rates and lower latency through a fully IP, simplified architecture. It addresses mobility, access technologies and roaming in the evolved system. Work is underway on requirements and a single high-level architectural model.
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture and technology. It discusses the drivers for LTE including higher data rates and lower latency. It describes the evolution from 3G networks to LTE, which features a simplified all-IP architecture without circuit-switched elements. Key aspects of LTE include OFDMA modulation, support for bandwidths up to 20 MHz, and peak data rates of 100 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream.
This document summarizes an agenda for a presentation on LTE and EPC. The presentation covers the timeline and development of LTE standards, an overview of the LTE radio interface including OFDMA and bandwidth options, and applications enabled by LTE such as video streaming. It also provides an overview of the Evolved Packet Core including the motivation for evolving 3G core networks to an all-IP architecture and the network functions of the EPC such as the MME, SGW and PGW. Mobility and interworking with 2G, 3G and non-3G networks via the EPC is also summarized.
This document compares LTE and WiMax technologies and performance. It finds that LTE provides higher peak data rates beyond 150 Mbps, more spectrum efficiency, and full mobility support. However, both technologies can achieve similar performance under comparable conditions. The success of LTE or WiMax depends on each operator's strategic considerations regarding available spectrum, regulatory issues, legacy networks, and future evolution paths.
참고자료 7. Introduction to LTE and LTE-A.pptelhadim24
This document provides an overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced cellular technologies. It discusses the history and basic concepts of LTE, including the use of OFDMA and SC-FDMA. Key features of LTE Release 8 are outlined, such as support for variable bandwidths. The document then introduces LTE-Advanced, describing technologies like asymmetric bandwidth and enhanced MIMO to improve performance. It concludes by noting LTE-Advanced will integrate networks and services to meet increasing user demands.
This document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE) and provides information about:
1) It describes the evolution of mobile communication systems from 1G to 4G and outlines the requirements for IMT-Advanced which LTE aims to meet such as high data rates and spectral efficiency.
2) It provides an overview of LTE network architecture including elements such as the E-UTRAN, EPC, and interfaces between components.
3) It explains key LTE technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, frame structure for both FDD and TDD, and resource block structure. Frequency bands and duplexing modes are also covered.
This document provides an overview of global trends in mobile data usage and LTE technology. It discusses how mobile data is overtaking fixed broadband growth. It also summarizes that LTE aims to provide improved mobile broadband through increased spectral efficiency and simplified network design. Key LTE technologies include OFDMA for downlinks and SC-FDMA for uplinks, as well as support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz. The document compares LTE to 3G technologies and outlines the evolving 3GPP system architecture. Potential LTE applications and current deployment status globally are also summarized.
The document provides a technical overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution), including:
1) An overview of cellular wireless system evolution from 1G to 4G, and the standardization bodies 3GPP and 3GPP2.
2) Key technologies enabling LTE such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO, and the requirements and specifications of the LTE standard.
3) The network architecture of LTE consisting of the E-UTRAN, EPC, and protocols.
This document provides a rough guide to understanding 3G/HSPA concepts for RF engineers. It begins with general information on 3G networks and UMTS. It then discusses technical concepts such as spreading codes, scrambling codes, and processing gain. It explains how spreading spreads the baseband signal over the frequency band and hides it below the noise floor, allowing recovery via despreading. The document also covers HSPA technologies and their advantages over prior 3G standards.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
CAKE: Sharing Slices of Confidential Data on BlockchainClaudio Di Ciccio
Presented at the CAiSE 2024 Forum, Intelligent Information Systems, June 6th, Limassol, Cyprus.
Synopsis: Cooperative information systems typically involve various entities in a collaborative process within a distributed environment. Blockchain technology offers a mechanism for automating such processes, even when only partial trust exists among participants. The data stored on the blockchain is replicated across all nodes in the network, ensuring accessibility to all participants. While this aspect facilitates traceability, integrity, and persistence, it poses challenges for adopting public blockchains in enterprise settings due to confidentiality issues. In this paper, we present a software tool named Control Access via Key Encryption (CAKE), designed to ensure data confidentiality in scenarios involving public blockchains. After outlining its core components and functionalities, we showcase the application of CAKE in the context of a real-world cyber-security project within the logistics domain.
Paper: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61000-4_16
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Things to Consider When Choosing a Website Developer for your Website | FODUUFODUU
Choosing the right website developer is crucial for your business. This article covers essential factors to consider, including experience, portfolio, technical skills, communication, pricing, reputation & reviews, cost and budget considerations and post-launch support. Make an informed decision to ensure your website meets your business goals.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.