0: The Universe over Time
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The document traces key developments in human understanding of the cosmos from ancient times to the present. [1] Early Greek astronomers like Aristarchus and Eratosthenes made some of the first estimates of distances to celestial objects using observations and simple geometry. [2] Over centuries, improved observations and mathematical proofs allowed astronomers like Ibn al-Shatir and Tycho Brahe to refine estimates of distances within our solar system and to the sun. [3] In the 18th-19th centuries, astronomers like Herschel, Bessel and Hubble made breakthrough discoveries that revealed the vast scale of our Milky Way galaxy and that other galaxies exist far beyond it, establishing the modern scale of the observable universe at billions of
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The Big Bang model describes the origin and evolution of our universe. It postulates that approximately 13.8 billion years ago, the entire observable universe was only a few millimeters in size and extremely hot and dense. The universe has been expanding and cooling ever since. Evidence for the Big Bang includes the expansion of the universe, the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the relative abundance of light elements like hydrogen and helium.
D3
The Big Bang model describes the origin and evolution of our universe. It postulates that approximately 13.8 billion years ago, the entire observable universe was only a few millimeters in size and extremely hot and dense. Since then, the universe has been expanding and cooling. Evidence for the Big Bang includes the expansion of the universe, the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the relative abundance of light elements like hydrogen and helium. The Doppler effect and redshift help astronomers measure the speeds at which distant galaxies are receding from Earth, leading to the discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Dark matter and dark energy are hypothesized to explain discrepancies in measurements of the density and expansion rate of the universe.
General Knowledge
(1) The document provides statistics and information about the solar system, planets, Earth, and other topics related to general knowledge about the universe.
(2) It includes details about the size, composition, and orbital properties of the sun, planets, moon, and Earth. It also discusses concepts like latitude, longitude, seasons, and international date line.
(3) Additional topics covered include lithosphere, rocks, soil, mountains, denudation, atmosphere, wind, oceans, humidity, and more. The document aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the universe and Earth through concise statistics and explanations of key concepts.
4217710 general-knowlwdge
1) The solar system consists of the Sun and 9 planets revolving around it. The planets range in size from Mercury being the smallest to Jupiter being the largest.
2) The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and has one natural satellite, the Moon. It revolves around the Sun once every 365 days.
3) In addition to statistics on the planets and Sun, the document provides information on seasons, the tilt of the Earth's axis, and lines of latitude and longitude.
Gk book
1) The solar system consists of the Sun and 9 planets revolving around it. The planets range in size from Mercury being the smallest to Jupiter being the largest.
2) The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and has one natural satellite, the Moon. It revolves around the Sun once every 365 days.
3) In addition to statistics on the planets and Sun, the document provides information on seasons, the tilt of the Earth's axis, and lines of latitude and longitude.
James Webb Telescope: Pioneering the Frontier of Space Exploration
Embark on an awe-inspiring journey that traverses both space and time, all thanks to the incredible James Webb Telescope! 🌌✨
Prepare for wonderment as we delve into the inner workings of this remarkable telescope and the ingenious solutions that brilliant scientists found to overcome formidable challenges. Our presentation is a gallery of mesmerizing images, each captured by the telescope—a visual feast showcasing galaxies, stars, and celestial marvels, all of which could easily be mistaken as art.
However, what truly sets the James Webb Telescope apart is its ability to grant us a glimpse into the past. Imagine a time machine that allows us to observe the universe as it existed billions of years ago, unraveling the very beginning of cosmic evolution. 🕰️⏳ As we peel back the layers, you'll discover how this remarkable feat is achieved, forever altering our perception of the cosmos and the events that shaped it.
Join us on this extraordinary expedition as we navigate the cosmos, guided by the James Webb Telescope's unerring gaze. 🚀🔭✨ Prepare to be not only amazed but also stirred with an curiosity that will forever change the way you perceive the universe around us.
Stellar quantities 2018
The energy falling on a 1 m^2 surface on Earth in a year is:
Lsun x π x 1 x (1 year) = 3.90x1026 W x π x 1 x (3600 s/hr x 24 hr/day x 365.25 day/year) = 1.36x1017 J
Where Lsun is the luminosity of the Sun (3.90x1026 W) and 1 year is converted to seconds.
Galaxies_BigBang_Dark Matter
Intro presentation on Galaxies, Big Bang and Dark Matter.
(Presented at Thammasat University on November 17, 2014)
1 universe earth-2012
The document discusses the origin and evolution of human species in the universe. It covers topics like the Ptolemaic and heliocentric models of the universe, the formation of the solar system, discoveries of exoplanets, the Milky Way galaxy, expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law, and the Big Bang theory for the origin of the universe approximately 13.7 billion years ago. The document provides information on these topics through questions, descriptions, images, and discussions of the scientific evidence supporting modern cosmological theories.
Ch. 21 Exploring Space 2010
The document summarizes key concepts about exploring space through electromagnetic radiation and telescopes. It discusses how light from distant stars and galaxies takes years to reach Earth, and how different types of telescopes like optical and radio telescopes are used to observe electromagnetic radiation from space. Important space exploration missions and discoveries are also outlined, like the Voyager probes, Galileo probe, Apollo moon landings, the space shuttle program, and the International Space Station.
Institute for Interstellar Studies
This document provides an overview of an academic presentation on interstellar flight given by Kelvin F. Long, the executive director of the Institute for Interstellar Studies. The presentation discusses the history of interstellar studies and proposals, including projects by the British Interplanetary Society. It also examines the fundamental requirements and challenges of interstellar travel such as the large amounts of energy needed and long mission times. Finally, it introduces the Institute for Interstellar Studies and its mission to promote education and technologies that could enable interstellar spacecraft.
Chapter 22 – astronomical technology
The document summarizes different types of telescopes and space probes used to explore the universe, and some of their key contributions. It discusses radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma ray telescopes, as well as notable space telescopes like Hubble and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope. It also outlines various space probes sent to study planets, moons, comets and more, providing images to advance scientists' understanding of the solar system. Finally, it lists some technologies that were developed for space exploration but later found applications on Earth.
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0: The Universe over Time
- 1. The Human Cosmos in powers of ten 0 10 km 0
- 2. < 500 BC Ancient World 10 km ? 1
- 3. 200 BC Greek Astronomy 4.5 million km Aristarchus - estimates relative distances and size of earth, moon and sun from watching the shadow of the earth on the moon during eclipse. 6 Eratosthenes - measured the size of the earth from the angle the sun cast on a well at summer solstice (6100 km vs 6378 km).
- 4. 14th Century Ibn al-Shatir 141 million km Stronger geometric proofs revise QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. the estimates of the distance to the sun 8
- 5. Tycho Brahae the 1572 supernova
- 6. Copernican system the orbit of Saturn 1.52 x 109 miles 9
- 7. 1780 Herschel estimates size of the Milky Way by counting stars in each direction 9000 light years 16
- 8. 1838 - Friedrich Bessel Measures distance to nearby stars by Parallax
- 9. More accurate size of Milky Way 91,500 light years 17
- 10. 1923 Edwin Hubble “Nebulae” are other galaxies Andromeda Galaxy 2,900,000 light years QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. 19 Discovery of the expansion of space
- 11. Hubble constant (H) Shows Universe is Expanding 1/H 13 billion light years 23
- 12. Most distant Galaxies 1975 Dark Matter 13 billion light years 1995 Hubble Telescope 21-23 Deep Field Pictures
- 13. 2002 Acceleration of universal expansion Dark Energy 15,000,000,000 light years 23