This document summarizes different types of satellites and orbits. It defines a satellite as a solid object that revolves around another due to gravitational forces. Satellites are either passive, simply reflecting signals, or active with onboard processing equipment. The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched in 1957. Satellites in low-Earth orbit have shorter lifespans but provide better signals, while geostationary satellites remain fixed over one position from the ground. The document also briefly discusses Kepler's laws of planetary motion and their application to Earth.

1. SATELLITE AND IT ORBITS

2. CONTENTS
 SATELLITE
 TYPES OF SATELLITE
 HISTORY OF SATELLITE
 WORKING OF SATELLITE
 TYPES OF ORBITS
 EARTH PLANETARY MOTION
 KEPLERS LAW OF EARTH PLANETARY MOTION
 CONCLUSION

3. what’s mean by satellite ?
A Satellite is a solid object which revolves around some body due to the effect
of gravitational forces
Types of satellites :-
1) Passive satellites
2) Active satellites
Passive satellites :
A passive satellite only reflects received signals back to earth.
Ex. moon is a natural satellite of earth
Active satellites :
Active satellites are complicated structures having a processing equipment called
Transponder .
An active satellite acts as a REPEATER

4. History of Satellites
 First satellite that was used
for communication purpose
in INDIA was -
ARYABHATTA (19 April
1975)
 The first geostationary
communication satellite -
SYNCOM 3(19 Aug 1963).
 Father of geostationary
communication satellite is
-HAROLD ROSEN
(Aircraft engineer)
The world's first artificial satellite is the Sputnik 1
was launched in 1957

5. How Satellites Work :
I. A Earth Station
sends message in
GHz range (Uplink).
II. Satellite Receive
and retransmit
signals back.
(Downlink)
III. Difference between
Downlink and Uplink
frequency is
2 GHz.

6. TYPES OF ORBITS
Low-Earth-Orbit (LEOs)
Medium-Earth-Orbit (MEOs)
Geostationary ORBIT(GEOs)

7. LOW-EARTH-ORBIT (LEO)
Altitude (600-1000 KM)
 satellite gives it a better signal
strength
Advantages:
Reduces transmission
delay
Disadvantages:
Smaller coverage area.
Shorter life span (5-8 yrs.)

8. MIDDLE-EARTH-ORBIT (MEO)
MEOs orbits between the
altitudes of 8,000 - 20,000
km above the earth.
MEO satellites have a
larger coverage.
These orbits are primarily
reserved for communications
satellites that cover the North
and South Pole.
 MEOs are placed in an elliptical
(oval-shaped) orbit.

9. Geostationary-Earth-Orbit (GEO)
 From the ground level the
satellite appears fixed.
 GEO satellites have a 24 hour
view of a particular area.
 Coverage to 40% of area Of
planet by this satellite

10. Earth planetary motion

22. 686.971 earth days =
1.88 earth year

23. 23-Aug-19. 23
Communication satellites bring the world to you
anywhere and any time…..

24. BY
HEMANTH