1) Oral and maxillofacial trauma can cause damage to structures in the mouth, face, and skull. It is a major cause of injury worldwide from accidents, violence, and other sources. 2) Asphyxia from oral and maxillofacial trauma requires rapid treatment to clear airways and prevent suffocation. Bleeding must also be controlled quickly through methods like pressure, sutures, or medication. 3) Injuries to teeth and the jaw bone are common, ranging from cracks and dislocations to full fractures. Proper reduction, fixation, and follow-up care are needed to restore function and alignment.

1. 口腔颌面部损伤 Dr. Steve GF Shen Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Stomatology Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai Second Medical University Oral & Maxillofacial Trauma Chapter 7

2. Vocabulary 绑带 bandage 窒息 asphyxia 动脉的 arterial 牙弓夹板 arch bar 无尿 anuria 抗感染 anti-infection 抗生素 antibiotics 鼻翼的 alar 邻牙 adjacent tooth 擦伤 abrasion 挫伤 contusion 污染 contaminate 震荡 concussion 颈的 cervical 脑脊液 cerebral fluid 脑的 cerebral 毛细血管的 capillary 斗殴 bustup 血供 blood supply 咬伤 bite wound

3. Vocabulary 脱落 exfoliate 美学的 esthetic 水肿 edema 烦躁不安 dysphoria 功能异常 dysfunction 失活 devitalize 牙髓 dental pulp 齿槽突 alveolar process 清创术 debridement 发绀 cyanosis 止血，止血法 hemostasia 血肿 hematoma 牙龈的 gingival 骨折 fracture 异物 foreign body 面神经 facial nerve 突出的 extrusion 外力 extrinsic force 硬脑膜外的 extradural 失血的 exsanguine

4. Vocabulary 撕裂 laceration 撕裂 lacerate 插管 intubation 颅内的 intracranial 吸入性窒息 inspiratory asphyxia 吸气 inhale 切割伤 incised wound 低通气 hypopnea 少尿 hyponuria 止血钳 hemostat 遗忘 obliviscence 鼻腔 nasal cavity 张口度 mouth opening 颌面的 maxillofacial 上颌骨 maxilla 咀嚼 mastication 下颌骨 mandible 咬合错乱 malocclusion 脱位 luxation 结扎 ligation

5. Vocabulary 叩诊 percussion 腮腺 parotid gland 副鼻窦 paranasal sinus 瘫痪 paralysis 止痛剂 pain-killer 眼眶 orbit 口腔卫生 oral hygiene 口腔 oral cavity 咬合 occlusion 阻塞性窒息 obstructive asphyxia 营救，抢救 rescue 再植 reimplantation 再生 regenerate 狂犬病 rabies 精神疗法 psychotherapy 心理的 psychological 血浆 plasma 咽腔 pharyngeal cavity 瘀斑，瘀点 petechia 牙周韧带 periodontal ligament

6. Vocabulary 破伤风 tetanus 出汗 sweat 吞咽 swallow 皮下的 subdermal 口颌的 stomatognathic 颅底 skull base 休克 shock 涎液的 salivary 涎液，唾液 saliva 呼吸的 respiratory 内脏 viscera 静脉的 venous 接种疫苗 vaccination 上呼吸道 upper airway 神志不清 unconsciousness 三叉神经 trigeminal nerve 损伤，外伤 trauma 运输，搬运 transportation 中毒性休克 toxic shock 牙疼 toothache

7. Definition of trauma trauma noun [C or U] severe emotional shock and pain caused by an extremely upsetting experience: the trauma of marriage breakdown He had psychotherapy to help him deal with his childhood traumas. SPECIALIZED a severe injury, usually caused by a violent attack or an accident (from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary )

8. Section 1 Introduction War Incidence Traffic Accident Sports Falling Bustup Labor injury

9. Financial Loss 致伤人数 No of traffic accident Traffic Accident 24 万 14.2 万人 10 亿元 1993 年 1997 年 2001 年 30 万 19 万人 18.5 亿元 75.5 万 54.6 万人 3.09b RMB

10. Traffic Accident

11. Combined injury to other viscera -Fatal to life Damage to maxillofacial structure Stomatognathic dysfunction Facial esthetic problem Psychological trauma Effect of Trauma on the Human Body

12. 1. Rich blood supply Section 2 Characteristics of OMF Trauma

13. Debridement Time: 24 – 48 h Tend to hematoma, edema Respiratory tract Asphyxia Ability to anti-infection, regeneration Wound healing 1. Rich blood supply

14. Cerebral concussion Cerebral contusion Intracranial hematoma Skull base fracture Increase infectious incidence Malocclusion caused - Diagnosis Occlusion regained - Treatment 2. Relationship btw tooth & OMF trauma 3. Cranio-cerebral trauma

15. Mouth opening, mastication, swallowing 4. Cervical trauma 5. Effect on breathing 6. Effect of on digastric system Bleeding Paralysis 瘫痪 Leading difficulty breathing diet worse oral hygiene Asphyxia 窒息

16. 7. Multi-sinus - contamination Infection Oral cavity Nasal cavity Pharyngeal cavity Orbit Paranasal sinus Bacteria Temp Humidity

17. 8. Damage to specific structure Parotid Gland Facial N. Trigeminal N. Salivary fistula Facial paralysis Regional numbness

18. 9. Facial Defect Facial contour Psychological trauma

19. Evaluate trauma soon Identify the key trauma, manage the fatal first Careful history taking, thorough physical exam Rescue in time Management in order General Rules Section 3 Rescue

20. 1. Prevention of Asphyxia Section 3 Rescue

21. Dysphoria, sweating, inhaling respiration Difficult to inhale, hypopnea, nasal alar movement, labial cyanosis Three concave signs 、 Rapid breathing, weak pulse, decreased BP Pupils diluted, No reflection to light 1.1 Clinical features of asphyxia Prodrome

22. 1.2 Etiology of Asphyxia Foreign body obstruction Inspiratory Asphyxia Low Airway Swelling Foreign body Blood, saliva Vomit Upper airway Tissue dislocation Obstructive Asphyxia

23. 1.3 Rescue of Asphyxia Clear foreign body in upper airway Suspend maxilla Intubation Hold the tongue out Obstructive Asphyxia 吸入性窒息 气管切开术

24. 2. Hemostasia Two steps ： Judge bleeding situation Choose the way to stop bleeding Section 3 Rescue

25. 2.1 Judge bleeding situation Three categories Arterial Capillary Venous Based on origin

26. 压迫止血 指压止血法 包扎止血法 填塞止血法 结扎止血法 药物止血法 2.2 Methods of hemostat

27. 3. Anti-shock treatment (2) Purpose of anti-shock (1) Definition & Classification Traumatic shock Exsanguine shock >20% Body weight Toxic shock Infectious shock Restore circulation